2022年中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)話題寫作 第一部分 寫作技巧點撥

1、第一局部寫作技巧點撥安徽中考英語書面表達(dá)總分值20分，其分值占試卷總分的六分之一,其重要性不言而喻。因此,考生在 寫作時應(yīng)防止出現(xiàn)一些基礎(chǔ)的錯誤，以提高書面表達(dá)的得分。以下為考生寫作時常出現(xiàn)的問題：審題問題人稱錯誤，如前后人稱混亂;時態(tài)、語態(tài)混亂;弄不清寫作對象;寫作順序混亂，缺乏邏輯性和連貫性; 沒有按要點提示寫作，造成要點遺漏等。思維問題中式英語思維，語法不規(guī)范，如句子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂;句式運用錯誤;句子沒有主語或謂語;主謂不一致等。語言問題語法、詞匯匱乏;句式簡單;固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法使用錯誤;符號運用錯誤;缺少連接詞或冠詞;there be 句型使用錯誤;人稱代詞主格和賓格誤用;名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)

2、那么和動詞各種時態(tài)變化規(guī)那么沒弄清,造成拼 寫錯誤;字母的大小寫誤用等。意識到以上問題還不夠,考生還需要學(xué)習(xí)一些書面表達(dá)方面的技巧，以到達(dá)事半功倍的效果。下面我 們將從內(nèi)容、語言、邏輯、書寫四個維度一一進(jìn)行講解。內(nèi)容維度R:Role角色A:Audience 讀者F: Format 方式T:Topic 主題RAFT模式為考生完成寫作任務(wù)提供了一個有效的框架，考生憑借“角色、讀者、方式、主題”這一 套“腳手架”，設(shè)想自己就是某一“角色”入境體驗，圍繞某一“主題”運用學(xué)科知識，以適當(dāng)?shù)摹胺绞健保蛱囟?的“讀者”表達(dá)。下面我們將結(jié)合近年來安徽中考英語書面表達(dá)真題，對該模式的實施策略進(jìn)行介紹。典例1

3、（2019安徽）假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Mike最近因視力減退而感到不安，請你用英文給他寫封電子郵件，談?wù)?你在保護(hù)視力方面的一些做法。要點如下：.經(jīng)常做戶外活動；.很少用電子產(chǎn)品；.堅持做眼保健操；5.其他并列連詞:bothand.,not only.but (also) .,either.or.n neithernor.等。例如:My uncle cant do it.My aunt cant do it,either.Neither my uncle nor my aunt can do it.我叔叔和我嬸嬸者不會做這件事。My friend loves singing.I love

4、singing,too.Both my friend and I love singing.我和我的朋友都喜歡唱歌。二、巧用狀語從句初中階段常用的狀語從句有時間狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的 狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句等。1.引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞:while,when,since,as,before,after,until/till,as soon as 等。例如：I wont fully believe it.I see it myself.J wont fully believe it until I see it myself.在親眼看到之前，我是不會完全相信這件

5、事的。.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞:though/although,even though/if,no matter how/what/where等。例如：My father was ill.My father still went to work.一Although my father was ill,he still went to work.雖然我父親病 了，但他仍然去上班。.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞:if,unless,as long as等。例如：You will fail to arrive there in time.You start earlier.You will fail to

6、 arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早點出發(fā)，你就不能及時到達(dá)那里。.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞:because,since,as等。例如：It was raining outside.We stayed at home.一Because it was raining outside,we stayed at home.因為外面在下雨,所以我們待在家里。Exercising is good for health.He often gets up early to run.-Since exercising is good for h

7、ealth,he often gets up early to run.因為鍛煉對健康有好處，所以他經(jīng)常早起 跑步。.引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞:so that,in order that等。例如：I got up early.I could catch the first bus.J got up early so that I could catch the first bus我起得早,以便能趕上頭班車。He works hard.His family could live a good life.一He works hard in order that his family could li

8、ve a good life.他努力工作是為了讓他的家人過上好的生活。6.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞:sothat,suchthat等。例如：He spoke quickly.I couldnt understand him. 一He spoke so quickly that I couldnt understand him.他說得太快 了，以至于我沒聽懂他的話。He is such a shy boy.He doesnt like to talk with others.He is such a shy boy that he doesnt like to talk with others.他

9、是一個如此害羞的男孩，他不喜歡和別人說 話。三、巧用賓語從句賓語從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種，其從句局部在整個句子中作賓語，從句的語序必須是陳述句語序，即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其他“。常見的連接詞有that,if/whether,what,when,where,how,who等。He asked me/What did you do yesterday?”He asked me what I did yesterday.他問我昨天做了 什么。Where are you from? I wonder it.一I wonder where you are from.我想知道你來自哪里。She said

10、to her mother,“The dress is really beautiful.”She said to her mother that the dress was really beautiful.她對她媽媽說，那條裙子真的很漂亮?！癢ill she come to the party?” he asked me.一He asked me if/whether she would come to the party.他問我她是否會來聚會。四、巧用定語從句在定語從句中，從句在整個句子中作定語，修飾先行詞。初中階段需掌握由 which,that,who/whom,whose引導(dǎo)的簡單的

11、定語從句。.先行詞為人:who/whom/that/whose引導(dǎo)。例如：The girl is my sister.The girl is in a red dress.The girl who/that is in a red dress is my sister.穿紅裙子的那個女孩是我妹妹。Mr.Liu wants to talk to the students.The students havent handed in their homework.Mr.Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework havent been hande

12、d in.劉老師想和沒有交家庭作 業(yè)的學(xué)生談話。.先行詞為物:which/that/whose引導(dǎo)。例如：This is the book Journey to the West .You are looking for it.一This is the book Journey to the West that/which you are looking for.這就是你正在找的那本西游記。I live in a house.The window of the house is open to the south.一J live in a house whose window is open

13、to the south.我住在一所窗戶朝南開的房子里。五、巧用短語,用動詞不定式。例 1:1 should return the book to the library.I remembered that.1 remembered to return the book to the library.練 1 :Linda will come to the party next Monday.She has promised that.,用介詞短語。仞U 2:You can keep fit by taking part in sports.一You can take part in sport

14、s in order to keep fit.練 2:The little child is thin and weak because he has an unhealthy diet.用形容詞短語。除U 3:The girl heard the good news.She was happy and excited.一The girl heard the good news,happy and excited.練 3:1 went home.I was tired but happy.參考答案：.Linda has promised to come to the party next Mo

15、nday.The little child is thin and weak because of his unhealthy diet.went home,tired but happy.六、巧用比擬等級當(dāng)對事物進(jìn)行比擬時，可使用形容詞和副詞的比擬等級:同級比擬、比擬級和最高級。常用結(jié)構(gòu):as. as 結(jié)構(gòu),(more).than結(jié)構(gòu),“the+比擬級.,the+比擬級結(jié)構(gòu)比擬級+and+比擬級”結(jié)構(gòu),the most.結(jié)構(gòu)和 “one of the+最高級”結(jié)構(gòu)。.同級比擬。例如：Li Hua can speak English as well as his friend Tom.李華英語

16、說得和他的朋友湯姆一樣好。Your bike is not as/so new as hers.你的自行車不如她的新。.比擬級。例如：The more you practice,the better your English will be.你練習(xí)得越多，你的英語就會越好。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make,你越仔細(xì)，你犯的錯誤就越少。.最高級。例如：The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in the world.黃河是世界上最長的河流之一 o七、巧用感嘆句巧用

17、感嘆句可將說話者說話時驚訝、喜悅、憤怒等內(nèi)心情感表達(dá)得更加強烈。.由what引導(dǎo)。例如：The music is beautiful.一What beautiful music it is!多么美妙的音樂??！It is a fine day.What a fine day it is!多么晴朗的天氣啊!.由how引導(dǎo)。例如：Miss Yang is a nice teacher.-How nice a teacher Miss Yang is!楊老師是多么好的一位老師啊！He is a clever boy.How clever a boy he is!他是多么聰明的一個男孩啊！八、巧用it作

18、形式主語和形式賓語當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在句中作主語時，為防止句子頭重腳輕,通常在句首使用形式 主語it,而把真正的主語放在句子末尾。當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在句子中作賓語時,為保持 句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，防止句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句尾，此時it仍只起先行引 導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。Lit作形式主語。例如:It is a pity.You didnt go to see the film yesterday.-It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film yesterday.很遺憾你昨天沒去看那部

19、電影。t作形式賓語。例如：We should take exercise every day.I feel it helpful.一I feel it helpful to take exercise every day.我覺得每天鍛煉很有幫助。I follow the school rules.I think it is necessary.-I think it necessary to follow the school rules.我認(rèn)為必須遵守校規(guī)。九 巧變句首句式變化句首句式，如以一個介詞短語、形容詞短語、不定式短語或副詞作為句子的開頭，而不一定要采 用固定的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)作為開頭，以防

20、止造成讀者的閱讀疲勞。.用介詞短語開頭。例如：You must be careful when you cross the road at every moment.At every moment,you must be careful when you cross the road.你過馬路時，每時每刻都必須小心。We are moved by people and things around us from time to time.From time to time,we are moved by people and things around us.我們時常會被周圍的人和事感動。.用

21、不定式短語開頭。例如：My mother always gets up early in the morning to prepare breakfast for us.To prepare breakfast for us,my mother always gets up early in the morning.為 了 給我們準(zhǔn)備早餐,我媽媽 早晨總是起得很早。My sister often goes to the school library to read the books she likes.一To read the books she likes,my sister often

22、goes to the school library.為 了 讀她喜歡的書，我妹妹經(jīng)常去學(xué) 校圖書館。.用副詞(短語)開頭。例如：Tom has made much progress in math recently because of his hard work.一Recently,Tom has made much progress in math because of his hard work.最近,湯姆因為努力學(xué)習(xí)在數(shù)學(xué) 方面取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。邏輯維度利用連接詞1,表示先后 M頁序:first,second,next,finally,to begin/start with,sinc

23、e then,first of all,afterwards,at first,later,in the end,after that,at last,for the first time,firstly,secondly,thirdly 等 02,表示轉(zhuǎn)折比照:however,but,while,though/although,even though/if,yet,on the contrary 等。.表示因果：for,so,as a result,because,so.that.,so that,because of,thats because,that9s why,thanks to,t

24、herefore,thus 等。.表示條件:if,unless,if possible,if so,if necessary,as long as 等。.表 示補 充遞進(jìn) :not only.but (also).,not.but.,in this way,whats more/worse,in other words,besides,at the same time,on the one hand.on the other hand.,and,too,either.or.,both.and.,as well as,also,as for,above all 等。.表示強調(diào)總結(jié):that is

25、 to say,whats more important,in a word,after that,in my opinion,last but not least,all in all,as far as I know,in short 等。.表示解釋說明:for example,such as,as you know,as we all know,like,according to,and so on,that is to say,to tell the truth 等。.表示目 的:in order that,in order to,so that 等。利用過渡句過渡句是一個既承接或總結(jié)

26、上文內(nèi)容，同時又提示或引起下文內(nèi)容的句子。過渡句在英語書面表達(dá) 中非常常見,能夠讓文章層次清晰，主題突出。典例Come to learn English in Los Angeles!We can offer you great summer English courses.You will love coming to Los Angeles to learn about American culture and improve your English at the same time.The courses last for.As well as learning English,we

27、want you to experience life in the US.You can stay as a guest with an American family and take part in their daily life.You will have meals with the family and do some activities with them,too.For many of our students this is the best part of the course.Many families form close friendships with the

28、students and stay in touch with them.But if you prefer,of course,you can stay in a hotel.“As well as learning English,we want you to experience life in the US.”既是承上啟下的過渡句,也是本 段的主題句。書寫維度好的書寫會給閱卷老師留下好的第一印象。在書寫時，考生需要注意以下幾個方面：.在譽寫到答題卡上之前可以先打個草稿，檢查文章要點是否全面,時態(tài)、人稱是否正確，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是 否清晰，短語使用、單詞拼寫是否準(zhǔn)確等。.檢查無誤后，將草稿譽寫在

29、答題卡上，請注意按結(jié)構(gòu)分段，書寫清晰。.規(guī)范書寫,字母飽滿圓潤，格式正確。.切忌在答題卡上亂涂、亂寫或用修正液修改。一旦寫錯，規(guī)范修改用一條斜線劃掉即可。4.注意:1 .詞數(shù)80100;.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；.文中不能出現(xiàn)與本人相關(guān)的信息；.開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計人總詞數(shù)。Dear Mike,Im sorry to learn that your eyesight is getting weaker.Yours,Li Hua 審題RoleAudienceFormatTopic李華“我”（確定人稱）Mike（確定讀者）電子郵件（確定體裁）“我”在保護(hù)視力方面的一些做法（確定 時態(tài)、

30、內(nèi)容要點、語言風(fēng)格）由于審題問題，很多考生會誤將本文寫成給Mike的建議。參考范文Dear Mike,Im sorry to learn that your eyesight is getting weaker.Fd like to share with you some ways of protecting eyesight in my daily life.At school,! often go out of the classroom to play with my classmates or do physical exercise during the breaks.In my f

31、ree time,! also try hard to avoid using the mobile phone or computer.You know,the light they give off is harmful to our eyes.Besides,doing eye exercises plays an important role in relaxing my tired eyes.Lastly,I usually have my eyes examined every term to make sure my eyes stay healthy.I hope youH f

32、ind my ways helpful.Yours,Li Hua典例2 （2018.安徽）某英文雜志社正面向九年級畢業(yè)生征文,請從以下要點中選擇一至兩個方面，并結(jié)合具體事例，用英語寫一篇題為“Thank You,My Teacher!”的短文參加此次活動。要點如下:.嚴(yán)格要求；.耐心指導(dǎo)；.熱情鼓勵；.注意:1 .詞數(shù)80100;.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；.文中不得出現(xiàn)真實姓名及學(xué)校名稱。審題RoleAudienceFormatTopic九年級畢業(yè)生“我”（確定人稱）雜志社的讀者，包括要感謝的老師（確定讀者）征文（確定體裁及形式）表達(dá)對老師的感謝（確定時態(tài) 及要點一到兩個具體事 例）參考

33、范文Thank You,My Teacher!rd like to say thanks to my English teacher,Miss Li,because shes helped me a lot.Once,I failed my English exam.When she found I was very worried,she encouraged me to study harder and promised to help me.After that,I turned to her for help every time I had questions.She was alw

34、ays patient to make me understand every single question.With her help,Ive had enough courage to face difficulties and made much progress in English.Thank you,my dear teacher!The love and support from you will be with me forever.本文以九年級的畢業(yè)生“我”的口吻進(jìn)行寫作，將Miss Li的人稱設(shè)定為第三人稱單數(shù)sheo主題句與支撐句一、學(xué)會寫文章的主題句和支撐句主題句是對

35、全文的概括,是文章的主旨，它能在文章中起到“畫龍點睛的作用。通常主題句出現(xiàn)在一 篇文章的開頭，然后，下文再對主題句所提出的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋、擴展。寫主題句應(yīng)注意以下兒點：.主題句要醒目突出文章主題，使讀者能夠迅速地明確文章的主題；.主題句應(yīng)支配文章結(jié)構(gòu),控制文章走向，使文章層次清楚，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊;.主題句應(yīng)具有可讀性，吸引讀者。支撐句就是用來支持主題句的觀點，圍繞主題句展開的句子。因此支撐句必須要有意義，且要按照一 定的層次和邏輯展開。典例My mother does what she can do for me.First,she cooks three meals for me.The food

36、she cooks is healthy and delicious.Whats more,she takes good care of my daily life,such as washing clothes and tidying up the room.Besides,she helps a lot in my study.She encourages me to read lots of great books which not only help me open up my eyes to the world but also make me grow as a person.A

37、lso,she is a good partner who I play sports with.What my mother does for me means that she is not just a mother but a teacher.本文的主題句為“My mother does what she can do for me.”,后面的內(nèi)容都是圍繞本句,結(jié)合具體的事 例按照一定的邏輯順序展開。為了使行文連貫，文中應(yīng)用了 First,What9s more,Besides,Also等過渡連接詞 一步步遞進(jìn)展開。二 學(xué)會找句子的主干與修飾語考生學(xué)會怎么找句子的主干和修飾語是非常重要

38、的，這樣寫句子時就可以先抓住句子的主干，防止 出現(xiàn)多個主語或謂語的情況。例如：.我在打籃球時左腿受傷了。主干:左腿受傷了修飾:我在打籃球時譯文：My left leg was hurt when I was playing basketball.昨天下午我在一家超市購物時遇見了一位多年未見的老朋友。主干:我遇見了一位老朋友修飾:昨天下午;在一家超市購物時;多年未見的譯文:While I was shopping in a supermarket yesterday afternoon,! met an old friend who I hadnt seen for many years.考生在

39、寫句子時，要先抓住主干局部，再處理修飾局部,最后再調(diào)整、潤色，遵循“先主干,后修飾”的原 那么。適當(dāng)拓展近幾年安徽省中考英語書面表達(dá)所提供的要點信息都較為簡練，但同時也指出“可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié), 以使行文連貫”。這種靈活的命題方式既給了考生較大的發(fā)揮空間，又對考生提出了更高要求。寫作時,如果考生僅翻譯所給的信息點，那么文章會詞數(shù)缺乏且顯得單調(diào)乏味;如果考生信口開河，信馬由韁，就會 詳略不當(dāng)，偏離主題。此時，考生應(yīng)該學(xué)會對題干所給內(nèi)容進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐卣?，如描述一個具體的事件時，考 生可以從事件的起因、過程、結(jié)果、對事件的評價或觀點以及給讀者的建議等方面展開。典例（2016安徽）假定你是李華，你的美國朋

40、友Jack來信,說他暑假期間要來中國交流學(xué)習(xí)。他學(xué)了兩年中文,但是仍 然擔(dān)憂用中文交流時會遇到困難。請你用英語給Jack寫封回信，提幾點建議，要點如下：.大膽自信；.放慢語速；.借助圖畫或肢體語言等表達(dá)方式。注意:1,詞數(shù)80100;.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；.信中不能出現(xiàn)與本人相關(guān)的信息；.開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯:自信的confident肢體語言body languageDear Jack,How is everything going?I am very glad to learn that you are coming to China this summer

41、._Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua 參考范文Dear Jack,How is everything going?I am very glad to learn that you are coming to China this summer.Its not necessary to worry about your Chinese.rd like to share my ideas?which I think might help.First,be brave enough to speak Chinese when you communicate with others.I

42、t,s of great importance to be confident about yourself.We Chinese are very friendly so you neednt be afraid of making any mistakes.Second,it5s better to speak slowly and clearly.In this way you can make yourself understood more easily.Whats more,sometimes you can use drawings or pictures,and as you

43、know,body language is alsowidely used across cultures and very often it really works.Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua巧用高級詞匯常用開頭和結(jié)尾句式:普通詞匯高級詞匯progress 進(jìn)步advancement,improvement,development,make progressfinish完成achieve,complete,bring to an endgrow增長improve,increase,raiselike喜歡;喜愛enjoy,admire,prefer,be fond of

44、,be interested in,be crazy about,be pleased bymeet遇到come across,meet withuse使用make good/full use of,put sth.to good usevalue重視cherish,treasure,think/speak highly ofpay ones attention to 關(guān)注focus on,center on,concentrate onhave a chance to/of 有機會have an opportunity to/ofdecide to do sth.決定做某事determine

45、 to do sth./be determined to do sth.,make up ones mind to do sth.beautiful/pretty 迷人的，吸引 人的attractive,charming,appealing,fascinatingclever聰明的smart,bright,wise,intelligentdifficult困難的uneasy,hard,challenginggood好的perfect,excellent,fantastic,outstandinghelpful有用的;有幫助的be of great help/value,beneficial,r

46、ewardinghonest老實的sincere,truthfulhopeful有希望的promisingimportant重要的significant,be of great importance/significancesad傷心的blue,cheerless,broken - hearted,unhappy,down,upset,in low spiritstired疲倦的;疲勞的exhaustedfirstly 首先to begin/start with,first of all,above alllastly最后finally,last but not least,in the en

47、dsecondly 其次then,next,what9s more,in additionvery很;非常pretty,extremely,especially,particularly,more than一、開頭常見表達(dá)1 .Long time no see.How is it/everything going?2.Im glad to hear from you.Fve just learned that you are going to. 4.1 have something interesting to share with you.How time flies! 6.Nowadays

48、 in China,.7Im sorry to learn/hear that. 8.As we know,./As far as I know,.rd like to share with you some ways of./Here are some suggestions for you.You asked me about.Now Fil tell something about it.With the rapid development of science and technology/As the Internet develops,more and more.How are y

49、ou recently?r 11 tell you something about.二、結(jié)尾常見表達(dá)A11 the best! 2.Best wishes!3.Im looking forward to your (early) reply/hearing from you! 4.Wish you a wonderful time in.5.Come and join us!I think well have a great time! 6.1 hope youll find my ways helpful.7.Lets go (for) it! 8.Good luck!9.Its a goo

50、d chance for you to. 10.F11 try my best to.1 l.As long as,Im sure./Only in this way can we.12.Finally,remember me to your parents.13.In a word,you,ll learn a lot about.14.lt is high time for us to take measures/action to solve the problem.語言維度5種簡單句類型一、S+V（主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）主語謂語動詞狀語Heis reading.Tomworksvery hard.The accidenthappenedyesterday morning.二、S+V+P（主系表結(jié)構(gòu)）主語連系動詞表語The dishtastesgood.Lin Taoisa middle school student.The weatherbecomeshotter and hotter.三、S+V+O（主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)）主語謂語動詞賓語狀語My sisterwas drawinga pictureyesterd