“專升本”《英語》跟蹤服務(wù)階段學(xué)習(xí)試題1及答案

1、“專升本”英語跟蹤服務(wù)階段學(xué)習(xí)試題1及答案（二）完成以下學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃中的習(xí)題：閱讀4選1：第一篇：The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to imp

2、lement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process

3、of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality;others view it as an excuse for being arbitrary.Isenbergs

4、recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned beh

5、avior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture. Fourth, some managers use intu

6、ition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally cautious about solutions suggested by these methods which run counter t

7、o their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implic

8、ations of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking-acting cycles, in which

9、managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action sim

10、ply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking-acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.1. According to the text, senior mana

11、gers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to .A. speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.B. identify a problem.C. bring together disparate facts.D. stipulate clear goals.2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragrap

12、h 2？A. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. Th

13、ey have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision

14、 analysis？A. Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not.B. Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis； Manager Y does not.C. Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem； Manager Y does not.D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on

15、experience in creating a solution to a problem；Manager X does not.4. The text provides support for which of the following statements？A. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.B. Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C. Managers

16、intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills. D.Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text？A. An assertion is made and a specific supporting example

17、is given.B. A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.C. The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.D. Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.第二篇：Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of me

18、dical practice in the United States. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the community. They send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities(operating room, tests, medicines that

19、they use). Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veterans hospitals, a federal government agency. Others are operated by religious orders(教會) or other non-profit groups.Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who

20、 are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal governments Public Health Service.Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors t

21、o earn incomes of more than ten thousand dollars. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the Unit

22、ed States. Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly twenty thousand dollars a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed ten thousand dollars a year. By the time t

23、hey have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency(實(shí)習(xí)階段) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.Setting up a medical practice(診所) is expensive, too. So

24、metimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each others patients in emergencies.Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many me

25、dical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.6. According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by _. A. a church B. a

26、corporation C. a cityD. a state7. The expenses for becoming a doctor are spent on _.A. schooling and retrainingB. practice in a hospitalC. facilities he or she usesD. education he or she receives8. According to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to become an independent phys

27、ician in the USA?A. About seven years.B. Eight years. C. Ten years.D. About twelve years.9. Sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice mainly because _.A. there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of themB. they can take turns to work long h

28、oursC. facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulderD. no one wants to assume too much responsibility10. Which of the following statements could fully express the authors view towards physicians payment in the USA?A. For their expensive education and their responsibility, they

29、 deserve a handsome pay.B. It is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because their work is very dangerous.C. Physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions.D. Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewar

30、ded.第三篇：Most Americans get what money they have from their work; that is, they earn an income from wages or salaries. The richest Americans, however, get most of their money from what they owntheir stocks, bonds, real estate, and other forms of property, or wealth. Although there are few accurate st

31、atistics to go by, wealth in American society appears to be concentrated in very few hands. More than 20 percent of everything that can be privately owned is held by less than one percent of the adult population and more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults. The pl

32、ain fact is that most Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings.Income in the United States is not as highly concentrated as wealth. In 1917 the richest 10 percent of American families received 26.1 percent of all income, while the poorest 10

33、percent received 17 percent, mainly from Social Security and other government payments. The most striking aspect of income distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II. Although economic growth has roughly doubled real disposable (可自由使用的) family income (the mon

34、ey left after taxes and adjusted for inflation) over the last generation, the size of the shares given to the rich and the poor is about the same. By any measure economic inequality is great in the United States.The reality behind these statistics is that a large number of Americans are poor. In 191

35、8, 14 percent of the population was living below the federal governments poverty line, which at that time was an annual income of $ 9, 287 for a nonfarm family of two adults and two children. In other words, about one out of seven Americans over 31 million people was officially considered unable to

36、buy the basic necessities of food, clothes, and shelter. The suggested poverty line in 1981 would have been an income of about $11, 200 for a family of four. By this relative definition, about 20 percent of the population or more than 45 million Americans are poor. 11. What does the majority of the

37、Americans have in terms of wealth? A. Their income and savings.B. Everything they own in their homes.C. Actually, they have no wealth at all.D. Their house, cars and small amounts of savings.12. What is the percentage of wealth that is in the hands of most Americans?A. More than 25%.B. Less than 25%

38、. C. More than 75%. D. Less than 20%.13. Why is economic inequality still great in the U.S. in spite of the economic growth?A. Because the proportion of income received by the rich and the poor remains almost the same as in 1917.B. Because the economic growth has widened the gap of the family income

39、 between the rich and the poor.C. Because income in the U.S. is still concentrated in the hands of the richest 10% of American families.D. Because some Americans made great fortunes during the Second World War.14. What can we learn from comparison of the two poverty lines in the last paragraph? A. T

40、he poverty line of 1918 is more favorable to the poor than that of 1981.B. The 1981 line didnt leave much to the poor.C. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1981 line.D. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1918 line.15. From the last two sentences we can s

41、ee that 1981 governments poverty line _.A. was of no good for the poorB. was not put into operation thenC. was officially approved D. was not helpful to the poor第四篇：Most shoplifters agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief. With the shops so crowded and t

42、he staff so busy, it does not require any extraordinary talent to help you to take one or two little things and escape unnoticed. It is known, in the business, as “hoisting”. But the hoisting game is not what it used to be. Even at the height of the sales, shoplifters today never know if they are be

43、ing watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.As if that was not trouble enough for them, they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court.Selfridges was the first big

44、London store to install closed-circuit videotape equipment to watch its sales floors. In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using a evidence a videotape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses. It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install

45、 similar equipment.When the balls, called sputniks, first make an appearance in shops, it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters. Their somewhat ridiculous appearances, the curious holes and red lights going on and off, certainly make the theory believable.It did no

46、t take long, however, for serious shoplifters to start showing suitable respect. Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges, store detective Brian Chadwick was sitting in the control room watching a woman secretly putting bottles of perfume into her bag.“As she turned to go,” Chadwick r

47、ecalled, “she suddenly looked up at the sputnik and stopped. She could not possibly have seen that the camera was trained on her because it is completely hidden, but she must have had a feeling that I was looking at her.” “For a moment she paused, but then she returned to counter and started putting

48、 everything back. When she had finished, she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty and hurried out of the store.”16. January is a good month for shoplifters because _.A. they dont need to wait for staff to serve them B. they dont need any previous experience as thieves C. there are

49、so many people in the store D. January sales offer wonderful opportunities for them17. The sputniks hanging from the ceiling are intended _. A. to watch the most desirable goods B. to make films that can be used as evidenceC. to frighten shoplifters by their appearanceD. to be used as evidence again

50、st shoplifters18. The case last October was important because _ . A. the store got the dresses back B. the equipment was able to frighten shoplifters C. other shops found out about the equipment D. the kind of evidence supplied was accepted by court19. The woman stealing perfume _. A. guessed what t

51、he sputniks were for B. was frightened by its shapeC. could see the camera filming her D. knew that the detective had seen her20. The womans action before leaving the store shows that she _. A. was sorry for what she had done B. was afraid she would be arrested C. decided she didnt want what she had

52、 picked upD. wanted to prove she had not intended to steal anything7選5：Parents should help their children understand money. 21 so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.(1) The basic function of moneyBegin explaining the basic

53、 function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier（收銀員）. 22 When your child grows a bit older and un

54、derstands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.(2). Money lessonsApproach money lessons with openness and honesty. 23 If you must say no to a childs request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many

55、 different things, say. “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”(3). 24 Begin at the grocery store. Pick put similar brands of a producta name brand butter and a generic(無商標(biāo)產(chǎn)品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that y

56、ou can save money. 25 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explains how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.A. Wise decision.B. The value of money.C. Permit the child to choose between them.D. Tell your c

57、hild why he canor cannothave certain things.E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.15選10：In the United States,

58、 it is not 26 to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:

59、00 p. m. . If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he 27 its a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call 28 its importance.In 29 life, time plays a very important part. In the U. S. A. , guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the 30 to a dinner party is extended o

60、nly three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in 31 because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in differe