NonverbalCommunication-完整版獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、Unit 2Nonverbal Communication.詞語翻譯1function v_2visual adj. _3embarrassingly adv. _4make sense _5stick out ones tongue at someone _6attentiveness _課前自主預(yù)習(xí)運(yùn)行，起作用視覺的，形象的尷尬地，令人為難地有意義伸出舌頭對著某人注意，專心7bump into someone _8maintain _9feel obligated to _10whereas conj. _11in contrast _12back away _13raise ones e

2、yebrows _14threatening adj. _撞上某人保持，繼續(xù)覺得有必要然而，但是相反逐漸后退揚(yáng)揚(yáng)眉毛脅迫的，危險(xiǎn)的15assume vt. _16occasion n _17behaviour _18relevant adj. _19personal adj. _20individual adj. _n _21exclude vt. _(想當(dāng)然的)認(rèn)為；假定，設(shè)想時(shí)刻，場合行為，舉止，品行有關(guān)的，切題的私人的，個(gè)人的單獨(dú)的，個(gè)人的個(gè)人(體)拒絕接納22represent vt. _23pop out of _24belong to _25a bit of _26find out

3、 _27keep records _28known as _29open up _表現(xiàn)；象征蹦出來屬于少量獲知(某事情)作記錄被稱為，公認(rèn)為打開；開業(yè)；生產(chǎn).課文填空根據(jù)課文“Nonverbal Communication”填空When Americans are talking, they expect others to 1._ to what they are saying. To Americans，polite conversationalists 2. _ by displaying expressions of excitement or disgust, shock or sa

4、dness. Americans also 3. _their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows, nodding, smiling politely andrespondempathize indicate 4. _ good eye contact.5. _some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or 6. _, Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty. If a person do

5、esnt look at you in the eye, Americans might say you should question his motives or assume that he doesnt like you. Yet with all the concern for eye contact, Americans still consider staring especially at strangers7. _ rude.maintainingWhereas threateningto be8_ the influence of nonverbal communicati

6、on, we never really stop communicating. How we walk, how we stand, how we use our hands, how we position our bodies, how we show emotionsall send a message to others. Thats why its possible, as the saying goes, to “read someone like a book”Considering課堂互動(dòng)探究1. oppositeadj.相對的，對面的；對立的，相反的；對等的，對應(yīng)的n相反的事

7、物，對立的人(或物)；反面prep.在對面詞匯精講歸納拓展be opposite from 與相反；不相容be opposite to 在對面；與相反just the opposite 恰恰相反【助記】例句探源(2011年高考廣東卷)One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.這其中一個(gè)原因或許是他們的身體信號(hào)當(dāng)時(shí)正相反。(2011年高考陜西卷)However, three days later, they met the third rich man, who was c

8、oming in the opposite direction.然而，三天后，他們遇到了從相反方向來的第三個(gè)富人。Marthas not shy at alljust the opposite in fact.瑪莎一點(diǎn)都不靦腆，事實(shí)上正好相反。The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.坐在我們對面的人看上去很面熟。易混辨析 opposite，contraryopposite指“位置、方向、地位、性質(zhì)、意義等對立的、相反的”。contrary指“兩物朝相反的方向發(fā)展”，含有“互相沖突，不一致”的意思。on the contrary“相

9、反”?！癟rue” and “false” have opposite meanings.“正”與“誤”有相反的意思。Your plan is contrary to mine.你的計(jì)劃和我的相反。2. assume v. 假定；設(shè)想；假裝；承擔(dān)歸納拓展例句探源(牛津P104)It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve.認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)好轉(zhuǎn)是有道理的。(牛津P104)Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.咱們暫時(shí)假設(shè)計(jì)劃成功。(牛津P104)I

10、t is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍認(rèn)為，緊張是工作過重所致。Assuming that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money?假定這個(gè)建議被采納，我們什么時(shí)候能拿到錢？A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.許多人認(rèn)為貧困僅僅存在于第三世界。即境活用1We all can go out for a pi

11、cnic this afternoon_that the others agree.Ato assume BassumedCassume Dassuming解析：選D。assuming that.“假定”。類似表達(dá)有：providing/supposing (that).。3. pick up 拾起，拿起；卷起；掀起；搭載；(無意中)學(xué)會(huì)；接收(無線電信號(hào))；收拾，整理；加(速度)；取(物)，開車接(人)；(健康、生意、社交生活等)恢復(fù)，變好，好轉(zhuǎn)歸納拓展例句探源(2011年高考課標(biāo)全國卷)I bought my ticket and turned around to pick up my b

12、ag from the floor.我買好票，轉(zhuǎn)身從地上拿起包It is an offence to pick up or set down a hitchhiker on a motorway.在高速公路上讓搭便車的人上下車是違反交通規(guī)則的。I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.我設(shè)法收聽到一家美國電臺(tái)的新聞廣播。The economy in the world is finally beginning to pick up again.世界經(jīng)濟(jì)終于又開始有所好轉(zhuǎn)。4. make sense有意義；有道理；講得通(教材原句)Only

13、if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。歸納拓展make sense of理解，明白make no sense沒道理，沒意義there is no sense in doing sth.做沒道理in a sense在某一方面；就某種意義來說in no sense決不例句探源This sentence just doesnt make sense, no matter how you read it.無論

14、你怎樣讀這個(gè)句子，它都講不通。It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.在失控前致力解決這個(gè)問題，這么做是明智的。There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make any sense of them at all.這一段中有那么多生詞以致于我根本不理解它們的含義。(朗文P1855)There is no sense in my painting the door if were going to replace it

15、 later.如果我們打算以后把門換掉，那我給它上漆就毫無意義了。In no sense do I agree with this suggestion.無論如何我都不贊同這個(gè)建議。即境活用2(2012年上海交大附中模擬) _to the sun, the flower will become dry soon.What you said does make_.AExposed; sense BExposing; senseCExposed; senses DExposing; a sense解析：選A。句意：暴露在日光下，這花兒很快就會(huì)被曬干。你說的話的確有道理。第一空expose與flow

16、er之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語，第二空make sense為固定用法，表示“有道理，講得通”。5. in other words換句話說(教材原句)In other words, there are not many people like me.換句話說，像我這樣的人并不多見。歸納拓展例句探源(牛津P2318)They asked him to leavein other words he was fired. 他們請他走人，換句話說，他被開除了。I soon found that the work I was doing had been done by other peopl

17、ein other words, I was wasting my time.我很快發(fā)現(xiàn)我在重復(fù)別人已做過的事情，換句話說，我是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。In a word, we must try our best to do the work.總之，我們必須盡最大努力做這項(xiàng)工作。He has broken his word so many times that I cannot trust him any more. 他經(jīng)常食言，我再也不能相信他了。 6. occasionn時(shí)候，時(shí)刻；場合；原因，理由；時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì)歸納拓展on occasion 有時(shí)，間或on several occasions 屢次，

18、好幾次on special occasions 在特殊場合on the occasion of 在的時(shí)候，值此之際例句探源(2010年高考陜西卷)There are many occasions for giving gifts in modern industrialized societies.在現(xiàn)代的工業(yè)社會(huì)中有許多場合是要送禮物的。He has been known on occasion(s) to lose his temper.大家都知道他有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)脾氣。On one occasion, he called me in the middle of the night.有一次，他深更

19、半夜打電話給我。He was presented with the watch on the occasion of his retirement.他在退休時(shí)獲贈(zèng)這塊手表。即境活用3(2011年高考浙江卷)Ive been writing this report_ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.Afinally BimmediatelyCoccasionally Dcertainly解析：選C。考查副詞的意義辨析。句意：在過去的兩周里，我時(shí)續(xù)時(shí)斷地寫這個(gè)報(bào)告，可是這個(gè)報(bào)告明天就得交了。finally最終地

20、；immediately立即，馬上；occasionally偶爾；certainly肯定地。根據(jù)but it has to be handed in tomorrow可知，選C。7. depend on依靠；依賴歸納拓展例句探源(牛津P534)He was the sort of person you could depend on.他這個(gè)人你是可以信賴的。(牛津P534)He knew he could depend upon her to deal with the situation.他知道可以依靠她來應(yīng)付這種局面。You may depend on it that she will h

21、elp you.你可以相信她會(huì)幫助你的。 In general/Generally speaking, a persons health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep.一般說來，身體健康依賴的是好的食物、新鮮的空氣和充足的睡眠。(牛津P534)I dont know if we can helpit all depends.我不知道我們能不能幫上忙，一切都得看情況而定。即境活用4. Whether you can lose your weight successfully in this case _very much on

22、your condition.Ainsists BbasesCfocuses Ddepends解析：選D。depend on 在本句意為“取決于，視情況而定”。insist on 堅(jiān)持；base on以為根據(jù)；focus on集中于，以為焦點(diǎn)。8. behavevt.& vi. 舉動(dòng)；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)歸納拓展例句探源Some children could be noisy and badly behaved.有些孩子會(huì)吵鬧而且表現(xiàn)差。(朗文P158)If you behave yourself, Ill let you stay up to watch the movie.如果你守規(guī)矩，我就

23、讓你不睡覺看電影。I am sorry about what I did last nightI behaved like a child.對不起，我昨天晚上表現(xiàn)得太幼稚。The headmaster doesnt allow bad behavio(u)r in class.校長不允許班上有不規(guī)矩的行為。即境活用5完成句子(1)在持槍歹徒面前，這個(gè)小男孩表現(xiàn)得極為勇敢。The little boy _in the face of the gunman.behaved with great courage(2)老師鼓勵(lì)孩子們好好表現(xiàn)。The teacher encouraged the chi

24、ldren to _.behave well9. includev包括，把列在內(nèi)【教材原句】You may also include a short message (two sentences) in any language in the box.你還可以放進(jìn)盒子里一張用任何一種語言寫成的短信息(兩句話)歸納拓展例句探源Her daily work includes cleaning the office and answering calls.她日常的工作包括清掃辦公室和接電話。The plan includes most of your suggestions.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃里包括了你們的大

25、部分建議。China is willing to face the problem of the climate change with all countries, including the developing and the developed.中國愿意同所有國家一道來應(yīng)對氣候變化問題，包括發(fā)展中國家和發(fā)達(dá)國家。It is reported that nine people were killed in the accident, an American included.據(jù)報(bào)道九個(gè)人在事故中喪生，包括一個(gè)美國人在內(nèi)。即境活用6.I need more financial suppor

26、t because the previous money cannot _ all the cost of the project.Acover BcontainCinvolve Dinclude解析：選A。句意：我需要更多的資金援助,因?yàn)橄惹暗馁Y金不能夠支付此項(xiàng)目的所有費(fèi)用。cover意為“支付的費(fèi)用”。10. belong to屬于；歸屬；為的一員(無被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))例句探源As is known to us, China is a country belonging to the Third World.眾所周知，中國是一個(gè)屬于第三世界的國家。The future belongs t

27、o you, young men.年輕人，未來是屬于你們的。Put it back where it belongs after you have read it.讀完后，請你把它放回原處。After getting off, please check whether your own belongings are left on the drifting boat.下船后，請大家檢查一下自己的物品是否落在了漂流艇上?！緶剀疤崾尽縝elongings n. 財(cái)產(chǎn)，所有物，相關(guān)事物1【原句展示】Therefore, when studying about a foreign culture, i

28、t just makes sense to pay attention to how people use nonverbal cues.【句法簡析】though/when/while doing/done 這實(shí)際上是一種省略句。省略了主語和be動(dòng)詞。例如： 句型精析While working in that factory，he made many friends. while working實(shí)際上是while he was working.由于主從句的主語相同，所以可以省略，同時(shí)將be動(dòng)詞省略。 Though (he was)tired, he went on working in the

29、 field.雖然累了，但他還能繼續(xù)在田里干活。即境活用1Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order_.Aas told Bas are toldCas telling Das they told解析：選A。as toldas they were told，此處是as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的省略。當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致，且謂語動(dòng)詞含有be時(shí),將從句的主語和be省略。又因?yàn)閣orkers與tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除C、D。2【原句展示】A

30、nother cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about space.【句法簡析】one指代another cultural aspect。it/one/that，他們的用法如下：(1)it/one/that三者均可用作代詞，指代前面提到的名詞。一般說來，it指代同名同物；one與that則指代同名異物。I have lost my umbrella; Im looking for it.(該句中it就是指前面的my umbrella)I have lost my umbrel

31、la; I think I must buy one.(one在該句中表泛指，因?yàn)閙y umbrella已經(jīng)丟了)The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. (替代詞that在該句中特指“the umbrella I bought”，以區(qū)別“the umbrella you bought”)(2)one與that雖可用來指代同名異物，但one為泛指，相當(dāng)于a/an名詞；that為特指，相當(dāng)于the名詞。所以one所指代的名詞的修飾語一般為 a/an/some/any；that所指代的名詞的修飾語往往是the/this/that。

32、A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.(該句中one可以換成a chair)The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot.(該句中that可以換成 the water)(3)one只能代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用ones；that既可以代替不可數(shù)名詞也可以代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用 those。I like this pen more than that one.(one代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)pen)There were a few young p

33、eople and some older ones in the house.(ones代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)people)Marys handwriting is far better than that of Peter.(that代替不可數(shù)名詞 handwriting)These pictures are more beautiful than those.(those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) pictures)(4)one既可代替事物，也可代替人，that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有時(shí)可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。The one/That on the table

34、is mine.(該句中The one代替事物，并且也可以用That)He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students.(該句中the one代替人，不能用that)He advised the farmers to choose the best seed heads, the ones/those that had the best color.(該句中the ones代替事物，并且也可以用those)(5)one一般有前置修飾語，有時(shí)也可有后置修飾語或不用修飾語。而 that不能有前置修飾語，但可有后置修飾語。Cook was

35、 a strict but good captain, one who took good care of his sailors.The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.(6)it可以替代句中的不定式或從句等，充當(dāng)形式主語或形式賓語。one與that均無此用法。It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.I found it hard to get on with her.(7)it與that均可以替代上

36、文全句的內(nèi)容或部分內(nèi)容，而one/ones則不可以。He has saved my life; Ill never forget it.(it代替第一分句)Tom is painting his house. I am told he does it every four years.(it代替前面分句的部分內(nèi)容painting his house)Lets say we meet here at three oclock. That ought to give you time to buy everything.(That代替前面表述的內(nèi)容)即境活用2(2011年高考天津卷)We feel

37、 _ our duty to make our country a better place.Ait BthisCthat Done解析：選A。句意：我們覺得將我們的國家變得更好是我們的職責(zé)。it在此句中充當(dāng)形式賓語，代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此選A。3【原句展示】Yet with all the concern for eye contact, Americans still consider staringespecially at strangersto be rude.【句法簡析】with all the concern for

38、eye contact 是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是由with復(fù)合賓語組成，常在句中作狀語，表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的伴隨情況、時(shí)間、原因、方式等。其構(gòu)成有下列幾種情形： (1)with名詞 (或代詞)現(xiàn)在分詞此時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞和前面的名詞或代詞是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。With prices going up so fast, we cant afford luxuries.由于物價(jià)上漲很快，我們買不起高檔商品。(原因狀語) With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的歡呼聲中，他們驅(qū)車來到皇宮。(伴隨情況) (2)with名

39、詞 (或代詞)過去分詞 此時(shí)，過去分詞和前面的名詞或代詞是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.我在房間坐了一會(huì)兒，眼睛盯著天花板。(伴隨情況) She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行車被偷，她只好步行回家。(原因狀語) (3)with名詞 (或代詞)形容詞 I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜歡把窗戶開著睡覺。(伴隨情況) With the weather so close and

40、stuffy, ten to one itll rain presently.大氣這樣悶，十之八九要下雨。(原因狀語)(4)with名詞 (或代詞)介詞短語 With the children at school, we cant take our vacation when we want to.由于孩子們在上學(xué)，所以當(dāng)我們想度假時(shí)而不能去度假。(原因狀語) The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.士兵讓他背朝著他的父親站在那兒。(行為方式) (5)with名詞 (或代詞)副詞 He fell asleep with the

41、 light on.他睡著了，燈還亮著。(伴隨情況) The boy stood there with his head down.這個(gè)男孩低頭站在那兒。(伴隨情況) (6)with名詞 (或代詞)動(dòng)詞不定式 此時(shí)，不定式表示將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.由于沒人可以說話的人，約翰感到很痛苦。(原因狀語) With a lot of work to do, he wasnt allowed to go out.因?yàn)檫€有很多工作要做,他沒有被允許外出。(原因狀語)即境活用3Now that weve discussed ou

42、t problem，are people happy with the decisions _？Ataking BtakeCtaken Dto take解析：選C。句意為：現(xiàn)在，我們已經(jīng)討論了問題，是人們最滿意的決定？ take 與the decisions之間存在的關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。4【原句展示】They also invented a kind of paper, which was easier to write on and much lighter to carry.【句法簡析】which was easier to write on and much light

43、er to carry是非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系代詞 which 一般指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或定語，既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，又可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。下面就進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)：(1)引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.商店應(yīng)存有最暢銷的貨物。This is the family which is planning to move to the party.這是要搬進(jìn)城里的一家。(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。a用來指代一個(gè)句子。Internet is so interesting, which mak

44、es all possible happen.因特網(wǎng)是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能發(fā)生。b用來指代句子的一部分。When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him.他常常陷入沉思，這時(shí)他就會(huì)忘掉周圍的一切。c如果要引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)非限制性定語從句，第二個(gè) which 前要加 and.He bought a book, which was written by Lu Xun, and which he decided to give to his friend.他買了本魯迅寫的書，他決定送給朋友。(3)名詞of

45、which(of which名詞whose名詞)通常放在先行詞的后面。Id like a room the window of which looks out over the sea.Id like a room of which the window looks out over the sea.Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我要一間窗戶面臨大海的房間。(4)介詞which 的替代作用。a作時(shí)間狀語替代 when 。There used to be a time at which/during which(when)t

46、he Chinese people struggled for freedom.中國人曾有一段為自由而斗爭的日子。b作地點(diǎn)狀語替代 where。This is the office in which(where)I used to work.這是我過去工作過的辦公室。c作原因狀語替代 why 。Id like you to explain the reason for which(why)you were absent.我想讓你解釋一下缺席的原因。d作方式狀語替代 that 或省略。There are many ways in which(that/省略)we can solve the pr

47、oblem.解決這個(gè)問題有很多方法。 即境活用4(2011年高考安徽卷)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.Awhen BwhichCwhere Dwhile解析：選C。句意為：剩下的任何東西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存兩三周。本題考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系副詞。由句型結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，該題中的先行詞refrigerator在從句中作介詞的賓語，該介賓結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故選擇關(guān)系副詞where。when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語；which在從

48、句中作主語或賓語；while是連詞，不能用于定語從句。5(2011年高考浙江卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently.Awhich BwhatCthem Dthose解析：選A。本句中的先行詞是several diverse cultures，先行詞在從句中做each of的賓語，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。5【原句展示】It was not until many centuries later that their meanings we

49、re rediscovered.【句法簡析】本句是not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。有關(guān)not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)和倒裝總結(jié)如下：(1)當(dāng)not until位于句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Not until從句/表時(shí)間的詞助動(dòng)詞(主句)主語謂語.。如：Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老師進(jìn)來學(xué)生們才停止講話。Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。(2)not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/was not until從句

50、/表時(shí)間的詞that.。上面兩句改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句為：It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.Not until nine oclock yesterday evening did we finish the work.直到昨晚九點(diǎn)，我們才完成這項(xiàng)工作。即境活用6It was _ he came back from Africa where _ he met the girl he

51、would like to marry.Awhen; then Bnot; untilCnot until; that Donly; when 解析：選C。根據(jù)It is.that 結(jié)構(gòu)可知。單元語法綜述現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。1現(xiàn)在分詞的形式：否定式：not現(xiàn)在分詞知識(shí)精講(1)現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，完成式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語。例如： They went to the park, singing and talking.他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。Havi

52、ng done his homework, he played basketball.做完作業(yè)，他開始打籃球。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。The problem being discussed is very important.正在被討論的問題很重要。Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告訴了好幾遍，這個(gè)淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。2現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能：(1)作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語時(shí)，放在所修飾

53、的名詞前；如果是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后。In the following years he worked even harder.在后來的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.正與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長的父親?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用 in the years that followed；the man speaking to the teacher可改為 the man who is speaking to the t

54、eacher。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在這家上演的電影很棒。The present situation is inspiring.當(dāng)前的形勢鼓舞人心。bedoing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，它們的區(qū)別在于bedoing表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行時(shí)，而表示特征時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語：下列動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, l

55、ook at, leave, catch 等。例如:Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?你能聽見她在隔壁嗎？He kept the car waiting at the gate.他讓小汽車在門口等著。(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語：作時(shí)間狀語：(While)Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.在工廠工作時(shí)，他是一名先進(jìn)工人。作原因狀語： Being a League member, he is always helping others.由于是共青團(tuán)員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。作方

56、式狀語，表示伴隨：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。作條件狀語：(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。作結(jié)果狀語：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。作目的狀語：He went swimming the other day.幾天前他去游泳了。作讓步狀語：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very

57、soon.雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.我等汽車時(shí)，一只鳥落到我頭上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。有時(shí)也可用with (without)名詞(代詞賓格)分詞形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep.他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。作獨(dú)立成分：Generally speaking, girls are mor

58、e careful.一般說來，女孩子更細(xì)心。1(2011年高考新課標(biāo)卷)The next thing he saw was smoke _from behind the house.Arose BrisingCto rise Drisen對口訓(xùn)練解析：選B。句意：接下來我們看到的是煙霧從房子的后面冒出來。rise升起來和see看到這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，因此選擇現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的形式表示非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。2(2011年大綱全國卷)Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument.Asays BsaidCto s

59、ay Dsaying解析：選D。句意為“Sarah假裝開心，對那次爭論什么也沒說。”A和B項(xiàng)是謂語動(dòng)詞形式，句中沒有連詞，故排除；C項(xiàng)是作目的狀語，而句中是伴隨狀態(tài)，故選D。3(2011年高考北京卷)Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _on you feet.Ato keep BkeepingChaving kept Dto have kept解析：選B。句意為“Emma，你坐下吧。老這么站著你會(huì)累的?！盇項(xiàng)to keep是表示將來。C項(xiàng)having kept和D項(xiàng)to have kept表示動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。make y

60、ourself more tired與keeping on you feet同時(shí)進(jìn)行，故選B。4(2011年上海春招)Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, _ newly cleaned and polished.Alooked Bto lookClooking Dto be looking解析：選C。句意為“Mike在他屋子外的大街上發(fā)現(xiàn)了他丟失的汽車，看上去剛擦得干干凈凈，還打過蠟?！盇項(xiàng)looked是謂語形式，但句中沒有連詞；B項(xiàng)不定式to look和D項(xiàng)to be looking如果都表結(jié)果，那只能由Mi