林肯第二次演講

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2、Abell,visitingininElizabethifdidinAprillawif1819in20inSpringfieldin2122split21inSpringfield23inlaw24withinIllinoisin25girl,25didintightit26withintodiedinlikely27WilliamWillieWilliediedin28Aprildiedin29PhillipsCollegeHislinealdied30inlife,withlosing(inwithbipolar31ledin32legalpoliticallife,typicallyc

3、linical33politicalinIllinoisinIllinoismilitiamilitiatallintimidatepoliticaldidin34labeled35law36inIllinois,April,37lawwithletlawwhile38lawwithWilliam39inIllinoisaffiliatedwith40legislator4142publiclylegislative43citationneededlabelledabolitionistpoliticalininpublicly.44inpolicies45old-linein464748gi

4、vingline.49militaryin50inwith51fellow-citizens52soil.52it,53itsinpoliticalindistrict;54Illinois555356inlivinglaw,involvinghitting57initiallyultimately58intohull.ballast5960isstill61inwithitsititsoriginally6263lawisitsoriginalinpublicIllinois62inIllinoisin64criminaltrialinWilliamtrial65isjudiciallied

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6、l76rallied77politicalin78whileinlocalallow79legislative80intopolitical81invitedgive828384RailisinIllinois85in86inballot,William87His88includingitinskillpolitician.89with90itswithcivil91incite91withwithultimately92giverelieddidleglifedetailedlife,million9394Bellwinninginballotinininall95Bellwithwinni

7、ngsplitwith96BellVirginia,97inallinifinstillstillin98oldlittlefitpoliticalinpoliticsrapidlyinpolicyCivilininRealigningcritical99in100likely,101Mississippi,102103102Virginia,initially104105106line107itin107lineinfilibusteringallit,followin108whilepubliclyitlanddel109110inininin111while112inlawisisimp

8、lied,ifinlawallsimpleitallit?113ininfinalexplicitlyininit114in115102legislativevirtuallyallowedHoltEdwinin116BelievingstillcitationneededfinallyinApril117Allaninbelievingstillinin118April117Aprilcalledtotaling119instill120Virginiaitscapital119withwithcitationneededcapitalincall.AprilinrailWilliampol

9、iticians121incitationneededinmilitarytrial.122politicalallwithMcClellan123allinBullWinfieldin124inmilitaryinHisprioritieswellin125calledmilitary12665planwithlanddidholdingMcClellan65127is,ingivingpoliticalin128RadicalVirginiawithcapitalBullin129130withall(allMcClellan131intoleading132ingivein133McCl

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14、llitwithall;withinletin;bindshallalllastingwithallwithledRadicalininwithinHiscivil168Criticalplanit.policyBillinbill,169visitCityVirginia.allowedinwithhostilitiesvisitin170visititpublicsittingsymbolically171172inAprilinVirginia.guerrilla173high-qualitywilllittleHisispoliticalpoliticalcalled174all,Di

15、gginshighlyinfluential175Hishighlightedits176177ininlegalismsallinin178principleinitinininallshallshallWhile179Civilwielded:writit,trial.180inwhileBill.181inmillionslandinavailablelowMorrillininRailwayin182legislationpolicywithMorrilllaw183in184185inallowedwithinstitutionCabinet-leveluntilinfighting

16、inwithkilling186isinstitutioninwhileinfinalin187Originally,planinAprilin188laidWilliamHillAprilininlineoldintofiringwithlegin189inEdwin190inVirginia191wellWilliam,milesIllinoisinitiallyinincludingskullballinsideAprillieininitsIllinois.WhileinRidgeinistallwithititininOfficialfollowing31,ininshallitph

17、ilosophicalpolicyphilosophicalpublicphilosophicalliberalcapitalismpoliticianswithinreligious193intellectualinintellectualinfluentialin194195child,religionCalvinisticlife.isimpelledinitself196Aprilinclaimplainlyisclaim197divinewillwithpublicWillieinreligion198Williesinfalldivinewillinwithwillciviliti

18、sisiswillswillsitshallgivefinalreligiousliberalism,liberalism194withphilosophical200HallinPhiladelphiapoliticallydidininallinliftedallisininpolicyclaimingallability202Biblereliedpoliticalwellabolitionistsitin203in204inpollsininwith205ininfieldspoliticswhilelaw206iswellindividualinallwithisballisticm

19、issilein207Civil208in209includingcapital210Illinoisis211inin210billdied)allHistoricaldied)allin213inIllinois,214215Illinois216217IllinoisisallIllinois218it209219islegalin220in221is222inin223isinSpringfieldisIllinois.224WilliamEllerywithisin225insideDillonitCivil(in226您的位置：滬江網(wǎng)is,shall77:白宮（）。J宮”:BB.S

20、S.H.MY+.,米）。,.,FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia,.named.FullEra,andMemberandwhowasMr.BurkesEnemiesoftenendeavouredtoconvincetheWorldthathehadbeenbredupintheCatholicFaith,&thathisFamilywereofit,&thathehimselfhadbeeneducatedatSt.thiswasfalse,ashisfatherwasaregularpractitioneroftheLawatDublin,whichheco

21、uldnotbeunlessoftheEstablishedChurch:&itsohappenedthatthoughMr.wastwiceatParis,heneverhappenedtogothroughtheTownofSt.Omer.opposetoupReynoldsandatleastAandmembersontoBurkeenteredwroteawaselectedConclusionof.itoughttobethehappinessandgloryofarepresentativetoliveinthestrictestunion,theclosestcorrespond

22、ence,andthemostunreservedtocommunicationwithhisconstituents.Theirwishesoughttohavegreatweighttowithhim;theiropinion,highrespect;theirbusiness,unremittedattention.Itishisdutytosacrificehisrepose,hispleasures,hissatisfactions,totheirs;andaboveall,ever,andinallcases,toprefertheirinteresttohisown.Buthis

23、unbiasedopinion,hismaturejudgment,hisenlightenedconscience,heoughtnottosacrificetoyou,toanyman,ortoanysetofmenliving.Thesehedoesnotderivefromyourpleasure;no,norfromthelawandtheconstitution.TheyareatrustfromProvidence,fortheabuseofwhichheisdeeplyanswerable.Yourrepresentativeowesyou,nothisindustryonly

24、,buthisjudgment;andhebetrays,insteadofservingyou,ifhesacrificesityouropinion.Againandagain,reverttoyouroldprinciplesseekpeaceandensueit;leaveAmerica,ifshehastaxablematterinher,totaxherself.Iamnotheregoingintothedistinctionsofrights,norattemptingtomarktheirboundaries.Idonotenterintothesemetaphysicald

25、istinctions;Ihatetheverysoundofthem.LeavetheAmericansastheyancientlystood,andthesedistinctions,bornofourunhappycontest,willdiealongwithitBecontenttobindAmericabylawsoftrade;youhavealwaysdoneitDonotburthenthemwithtaxesButifintemperately,unwisely,fatally,yousophisticateandpoisontheverysourceofgovernme

26、ntbyurgingsubtledeductions,andconsequencesodioustothoseyougovern,fromtheunlimitedandillimitablenatureofsupremesovereignty,youwillteachthembythesemeanstocallthatsovereigntyitselfinquestionIfthatsovereigntyandtheirfreedomcannotbereconciled,whichwilltheytake?Theywillcastyoursovereigntyinyourface.Nobody

27、ofmenwillbearguedintoslavery.Sir,letthegentlemenontheotherside.tellme,whatonecharacteroflibertytheAmericanshave,andwhatonebrandofslaverytheyarefreefrom,iftheyareboundintheirpropertyandindustrybyalltherestraintsyoucanimagineoncommerce,andatthesametimearemadepack-horsesofeverytaxyouchoosetoimpose,with

28、outtheleastshareingrantingthem.Whentheybeartheburthensofunlimitedmonopoly,willyoubringthemtobeartheburthensofunlimitedrevenuetoo?TheEnglishmaninAmericawillfeelthatthisisslavery;thatitisslavery,willbenocompensationeithertohisfeelingsortohisunderstandings.thepeopleofthecoloniesaredescendantsofEnglishm

29、enTheyarethereforenotonlydevotedtoliberty,buttolibertyaccordingtoEnglishideasandonEnglishprinciples.ThepeopleareProtestants.apersuasionnotonlyfavourabletoliberty,butbuiltuponitMyholdofthecoloniesisinthecloseaffectionwhichgrowsfromcommonnames,fromkindredblood,fromsimilarprivileges,andequalprotection.

30、Thesearetieswhich,thoughlightasair,areasstrongaslinksofiron.Letthecoloniesalwayskeeptheideaoftheircivilrightsassociatedwithyourwillclingandgrappletoyou,andnoforceunderheavenwillbeofpowertotearthemfromtheirallegiance.Butletitbeonceunderstoodthatyourgovernmentmaybeonethingandtheirprivilegesanother,tha

31、tthesetwothingsmayexistwithoutanymutualrelation,thecementisgone,thecohesionisloosened,andeverythinghastenstodecayanddissolution.Aslongasyouhavethewisdomtokeepthesovereignauthorityofthiscountryasthesanctuaryofliberty,thesacredtempleconsecratedtoourcommonfaith,whereverthechosenraceandsonsofEnglandwors

32、hipfreedom,theywillturntheirfacestowardsyou.Themoretheymultiply,themorefriendsyouwillhave;themoreardentlytheyloveliberty,themoreperfectwillbetheirobedience.Slaverytheycanhaveanywhere.Itisaweedthatgrowsineverysoil.TheymayhaveitfromSpain,theymayhaveitfromPrussia.But,untilyoubecomelosttoallfeelingofyou

33、rtrueinterestandyournaturaldignity,freedomtheycanhavefromnonebutyou.SpeechoncommitteeArcotsDebtstheThesearethemonumentsofrealkings,whowerethefathersoftheirpeople;thetestatorstoaposteritywhichtheyembracedastheirown.Thesearethegrandsepulchresbuiltbyambition;butbytheambitionofaninsatiablebenevolence,wh

34、ich,notcontentedwithreigninginthedispensationofhappinessduringcontractedtermofhumanlife,hadstrained,withallthereachingsandgraspingsofavivaciousmind,toextendthedominionoftheirbountybeyondthelimitsofnature,andtoperpetuatethemselvesthroughgenerationsofgenerations,theguardians,theprotectors,thenourisher

35、sofmankind.outandandmanbeneathI.impossiblenotofParisianFrancewhereCharles-Jean-FranoisdebateinonAndontototoSincetheHousehadbeenproroguedinthesummermuchworkwasdoneinFrance.TheFrenchhadshewnthemselvestheablestarchitectsofruinthathadhithertoexistedintheworld.Inthatveryshortspaceoftimetheyhadcompletelyp

36、ulleddowntotheground,theirmonarchy;theirchurch;theirnobility;theirlaw;theirrevenue;theirarmy;theirnavy;theircommerce;theirarts;andtheirmanufactures.therewasadangerofanimitationoftheexcessesofanirrational,unprincipled,proscribing,confiscating,plundering,ferocious,bloodyandtyrannicaldemocracy.inreligi

37、onoftheirexampleisnolongerfromintolerance,butfromAtheism;afoul,unnaturalvice,foetoallthedignityandconsolationofmankind;whichseemsinFrance,foralongtime,tohavebeenembodiedintoafaction,accredited,andalmostavowed.BurkereadDiscourseOnTheRevolutionwasmadetopreserveourindisputablelawsandliberties,andthatco

38、nstitutionofgovernmentwhichisouronlysecurityforlawandlibertyTheveryideaofthefabricationofanewgovernment,isenoughtofilluswithdisgustandhorror.WewishedattheperiodoftheRevolution,.,anddonowwish,toderiveallwepossessas.,Uponthatbodyandstockofinheritancewehavenottoinoculateanycyonalientothenatureoftheorig

39、inalplantOuroldestreformationisthatofMagnaCharta.YouwillseethatSirEdwardCoke,thatgreatoracleofourlaw,andindeedallthegreatmenwhofollowhim,toBlackstone,areindustrioustoprovethepedigreeofourliberties.Theyendeavourtoprovethattheancientcharter.werenothingmorethanare-affirmanceofthestillmoreancientstandin

40、glawofthekingdomInthefamouslaw.calledthetheparliamentsaystotheking,“Yoursubjectshavethisfreedom,”claimingtheirfranchisesnotonabstractprinciples“astherightsofmen,”butastherightsofEnglishmen,andasapatrimonyderivedfromtheirforefathers.timeascriesof.Itcertainlywasindiscreetatanyperiod,butespeciallyathis

41、timeoflife,toparadeenemies,orgivehisfriendsoccasiontodeserthim;yetifhisfirmandsteadyadherencetotheBritishconstitutionplacedhiminsuchadilemma,hewouldriskall,and,aspublicdutyandpublicexperiencetaughthim,withhislastwordsexclaim,FlyfromtheFrenchConstitution.thatthefoundationslaiddownbytheCommons,onthetr

42、ialofDoctorSacheverel,forjustifyingtherevolutionof1688,aretheverysamelaiddowninMr.BurkesReflections;thatistosay,abreachofthe,impliedandexpressedintheconstitutionofthiscountry,asaschemeofgovernmentfundamentallyandinviolablyfixedinKing,LordsandCommons.Thatthefundamentalsubversionofthisantientconstitut

43、ion,byoneofitsparts,havingbeenattempted,andineffectaccomplished,justifiedtheRevolution.Thatitwasjustifiedupontheofthecase;asthemeansleftfortherecoveryofthatconstitution,formedbytheoftheBritishstate;aswellasforthefuturepreservationofthegovernment.Thesearethepointstobeproved.booktheWhensuchacompleteco

44、nvulsionhasshakentheState,andhardlyleftanythingwhatsoever,eitherincivilintheCharactersanddispositionofmensminds,exactlywhereitwas,whatevershallbesettledalthoughintheformerpersonsanduponoldforms,willbemeasureanewthingandwilllabourundersomethingoftheweaknessaswellasotherinconveniencesofaChange.Mypooro

45、pinionisthatyoumeantoestablishwhatyoucallLancienRegime,IfanyonemeansthatsystemofCourtIntriguemiscalledaGovernmentasitstood,atVersaillesbeforethepresentconfusionsasthethingtobeestablished,thatIbelievewillbefoundabsolutelyimpossible;andifyouconsidertheNature,aswellofpersons,asofaffairs,Iflattermyselfy

46、oumustbeofmyopinion.ThatwasthonotsoviolentaStateofAnarchyaswellasthepresent.Ifitwereevenpossibletolaythingsdownexactlyastheystood,beforetheseriesofexperimentalpoliticksbegan,Iamquitesurethattheycouldnotlongcontinueinthatsituation.InoneSenseofLAncienRegimeIamclearthatnothingelsecanreasonablybedone.is

47、Whentheysmile,Iseebloodtricklingdowntheirfaces;Iseetheirinsidiousispurposes;Iseethattheobjectofalltheircajolingblood!Inowwarnmycountrymentobewareoftheseexecrablephilosophers,whoseonlyobjectitistodestroyeverythingthatisgoodhere,andtoestablishimmoralityandmurderbypreceptandnigeresthunctuRomanecavetoSu

48、chamanisevil;bewareofhim,Roman.Horace,I.4.85.Butastocountryandrace,aslongasthewellcompactedstructureofourchurchandstate,thesanctuary,theholyofholiesofthatancientlaw,defendedbyreverence,defendedbypower,afortressatonceandatemple,shallstandinviolateonthebrowoftheBritishSionaslongastheBritishMonarchy,no

49、tmorelimitedthanfencedbytheordersoftheState,shall,liketheproudKeepofWindsor,risinginthemajestyofproportion,andgirtwiththedoublebeltofitskindredandcoevaltowers,aslongasthisawfulstructureshalloverseeandguardthesubjectedlongasthemoundsanddykesofthelow,fat,Bedfordlevelwillhavenothingtofearfromallthepick

50、axesofallthelevellersofFrance.asectbeginningwithThattheStateoughttoconfineitselftowhatregardstheState,orthecreaturesoftheState,namely,theexteriorestablishmentofitsreligion;itsmagistracy;itsrevenue;itsmilitaryforcebyseaandland;thecorporationsthatowetheirexistencetoitsfiat;inaword,toeverythingthatistr

51、ulyandpublic,tothepublicpeace,tothepublicsafety,tothepublicorder,tothepublicprosperity.BurkeenquiringMrs.BurkepresentshercomplimentstoMr.Fox,andthankshimforhisobliginginquiries.Mrs.BurkecommunicatedhislettertoMr.Burke,andbyhisdesirehastoinformMr.FoxthatithascostMr.Burkethemostheart-feltpaintoobeythe

52、sternvoiceofhisdutyinalongfriendship,butthathedeemedthissacrificenecessary;thathisprinciplescontinueandthatinwhateveroflifemayyetremaintohim,heconceivesthathemustliveforothersandnotforhimself.Mr.Burkeisconvincedthattheprincipleswhichhehasendeavouredtomaintainarenecessarytothewelfareanddignityofhiscountry,andthattheseprinciplescanbeenforcedonlybythegeneralpersuasionofhissincerity.ReflectionsonRevolutioninFreeholdersofThesycophant