廣東省高二英語選修7 the Infinitive的用法 人教

1、The infinitive2021/8/8 星期日1不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。不定式2021/8/8 星期日2一般式完成式進(jìn)行式主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) to do to be done to have done to have been done to be doing to be being doing2021/8/8 星期日3解釋(1)不定式的一般

2、形式所表示的動(dòng)作，通常與謂語的動(dòng) 作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或是在它之 后發(fā)生。(2)如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行式。(3)如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，就要用完成式。They pretended to be studying when the teacher came in.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.I want to have a holiday as soon as possible .2021/8/8 星期日4動(dòng)詞不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 主語

3、 (subject) 賓語 (object) 表語 (predicative) 定語 (attribute) 狀語 (adverbial)2021/8/8 星期日5動(dòng)詞不定式歸納一、不定式做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常常用單數(shù)1、“To do ”放在句首做主語 eg: To drink enough water every day is very important.2、如果動(dòng)詞不定式太長，常用it作形式主語“to do ”放在句末做真正主語，用“It”放在句首引導(dǎo) eg.1：It is very important to drink enough water. eg.2: It take you 5

4、minutes to get there. 2021/8/8 星期日6不定式做真正主語的兩個(gè)特殊句型* It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water.注意：在此句型中，adj. 只能用可以修飾行為、動(dòng)作及人物的形容詞。例如：kind, nice, good, brave, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, honest, careless, cruel, generous etc.*It is +adj.+for sb.(用賓格) +to do eg

5、.1: It is not difficult for us to learn English well. eg.2: It is right for him to work here.注意：這里的adj. 不能表示人的性質(zhì)，只能表示某事或某物的性質(zhì)。例如：difficult, wonderful, meaningful, painful,useful2021/8/8 星期日7二、不定式作賓語 1、不定式經(jīng)常放在及物動(dòng)詞，如：like, wish, hope, want, try, begin, start, mean, agree, refuse, promise, pretend等后面，表

6、示請(qǐng)求、想要、打算、試圖、答應(yīng)、拒絕、假裝做某事。 eg.1: Suddenly, it began to rain. eg.2: Ill try to do my best. eg.3: I dont mean to say we are perfect.(我并不是說我們是完美的。) 2021/8/8 星期日82. 一些動(dòng)詞要用wh-疑問詞+ to do sth.作賓語，常見的動(dòng)詞有decide, know, learn, wonder, understand, find out, remember, see等I dont know what to do. how to do it. who

7、(m) to ask/invite. when to stop where to go.I havent decided whether to sell it or not.She didnt know which one to buy.We must find out what to do next.He didnt remember when to start.2021/8/8 星期日9三、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1、不定式放在ask, tell, want, teach等動(dòng)詞后面。形式：名詞/代詞不定式 eg.1: The teacher told us not to be late for

8、school. eg.2: My mother teaches me to learn English. eg.3: I asked him to help me.2、help 后面的不定式標(biāo)志“to”要省去 eg：They often help the grandma carry water.3、 see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示感覺和let, make, have等表示使役的動(dòng)詞后面，不定式作賓語時(shí)要省“to” （注：被動(dòng)語態(tài)不省to）2021/8/8 星期日10四、定語 (attribute)sth. to eat ( eat sth.

9、)a room to live in (live in a room)2021/8/8 星期日11注意:不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,則后面需有適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。不定式及其短語作定語只能放在名詞的后面,以下名詞和句型常用不定式作定語,如: chance, way, opportunity, time, the first, the last, the second, the only等詞后,在have to do和there be句型中。e.g.I had no time to go to the movie.He is always the first to co

10、me to the school and the last to leave.There is no one to take care of her.I have no jewelry to wear.There are only five pairs to choose from.2021/8/8 星期日12五、不定式作狀語作狀語 （表示目的或結(jié)果） eg.1: He stopped to have a look. eg.2: I cant wait to see him.(我迫不及待見到他.) 2021/8/8 星期日131.I think the house is big enough

11、_.A .to live in B .to live C. live D .living2. I had trouble with my car this morning ,but I finally managed _. A .to get starting it B .to get it started C .getting it started 3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock . A .resting B .rest C. to rest D .to have rest 2021/8/8 星期日14

12、幾對(duì)易混淆的詞組：stop to do sth. 停止去做某事 doing sth.停止正在做forget to do sth.忘記去做 doing sth.忘記已做了remember to do sth.記得去做 doing sth.記得曾經(jīng)做2021/8/8 星期日15.She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more diff

13、icult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_.A.not to B.not to do c.not do it D.not eatingABA2021/8/8 星期日16. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. expects D.

14、 to be expecting. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing2021/8/8 星期日17She does nothing but _. A. to laugh B .laugh C.being laughed .There is nothing to do except

15、 _ till it stops snowing . A .to wait B .waiting C. wait D .waits I am sorry _ you so much trouble .And thank you for your help . A. to give B .to have given C .giving D .gave 1.There is no choice but _ till it stops snowing . A .to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waits 2021/8/8 星期日18. Charles Babbage is

16、 generally considered _the first computer. (MET1993) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (MET2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much2021/8/8 星期日19Homework2021/8/8 星期日201愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中國人民決不會(huì)征服。The Chinese people refuse _3據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。They are reported _To love and to be lovedto give in/ be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived