高考英語語法精品教案：專題6動詞和動詞短語

1、對動詞詞義、動詞短語的辨析以及動詞搭配的考查始終是高考的熱點；因此在一輪的復習中要留意對動詞及短語的含義及引申義進行歸納總結；突出對其在詳細的語境中意義挑選的把握；一、?？嫉氖悇釉~及詞組1連系動詞特點：后面常接形容詞或名詞,此時動詞沒有進行時和被動語態(tài)；連系動詞按其所表示的意義可分為以下四種：1 變化類,表事物進展變化的過程,如 become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come 等；2 感官類,表人體部位的感受,如 feel, smell, taste, look ,sound 等；3 狀態(tài)類,表事物所處的狀態(tài),如 keep, remain, stand, li

2、e, stay, prove 等；4 外表特點類,表外表給人的印象,如 appear, seem, look 等；2感官動詞和使役動詞常考的感官動詞有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch 等；感官動詞的主要考點是后接非謂語動詞的不同形式1 / 29 作補足語,表達不同的含義；?？嫉氖挂蹌釉~有make, have, keep 等；使役動詞的主要考點是后接非謂語動詞的不同形式作補足語,表達不同的含義；如：He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of

3、a passenger. Aput B to be putting Cto put D putting 【解讀】Dcatch sb doing sth“發(fā)覺、發(fā)覺某人做某事 ”,doing sth 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補足語；可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞仍有： feel, hear, have, get, see, watch, notice, observe, find, keep, leave 等；3不用被動語態(tài)的動詞及動詞短語英語中有些動詞及短語可用其主動形式表達被動含義；1 某些實義動詞的主動形式后跟副詞表示主語的某種屬性特點,不用被動；這類動詞有： sell, wash, writ

4、e, last, read, wear 等；如：This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. 這種布耐洗而且耐用；The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父親送給我作為生日禮物的鋼筆書寫很流暢；Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 由于這篇文章是用簡潔的英語寫的,所以讀起來很簡潔；2 某些及物動詞轉為不及物動詞后,其主動形式表示被動意義；2 / 29 這類動詞有： open打開,營業(yè) ,clos

5、e 關門 ,shut 關閉,cut 切割,weigh 重,act 上演等；如：This shop opens much earlier than it used to. 這家商店比過去開門更早了；Each stone weighs two tons. 每塊石頭重達兩噸；3 某些不及物動詞及詞組,本身表被動含義,所以它們常用主動形式；這類動詞及詞組有： happen, occur, cost,come out 出版,turn up 被找到 ,come into being產(chǎn)生,come to ones mind想起,come into use 開頭使用 , turn out證明是 ,come a

6、bout 發(fā)生,break out 爆發(fā) ,belong to 屬于 ,come up被提出 , be worth 值得做 , be to blame 受批評 等；如：The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. 第一批用作英語教學的外語教材出版于 18 世紀；Suddenly an idea came to his mind. 他突然想到一個想法；Who is to blame for breaking the vase. 打碎花瓶應由誰

7、負責？The problem finally came up at the meeting. 這個問題最終在會議上被提出來了；Even the best theory can turn out to be wrong. 3 / 29 即使最好的理論都可能被證明是錯誤的；4 “主語系動詞形容詞不定式”句式中；當形容詞說明主語具有某種特點,主語又充當不定式的規(guī)律賓 語時,其中不定式要用主動形式表達被動意義；常用于這一結構的 形容詞有： easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive 等；如：The physics problem is easy to wo

8、rk out. 這道物理題很簡潔算出來；A guide is expensive to employ. 雇用向導花錢許多；This kind of fish is not fit to eat. 這種魚不適合吃；4接動名詞作賓語的動詞或詞組 常見的有： avoid, cant help, cant stand, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate, deny, forbid等

9、；如：The bird was lucky to escape being caught. 這只鳥幸運地逃離了被捕抓的命運；He is always practicing playing the piano after school. 他常常放學后練習彈鋼琴；5接不定式作賓語的動詞agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, 常 見 的 有 ： afford, 4 / 29 decide, demand, determine, offer, pretend, promise, refuseexpect, hope, learn, long, manage, ,want 等

10、；如：He cant afford to buy such an expensive car. 他買不起這么貴的車；Tom managed to cut down dozens of trees. 湯姆勝利地砍倒數(shù)十棵數(shù)；6表示 “需要”意義的動詞這類詞既可直接接動名詞,也可接不定式的被動語態(tài),但兩者均可表示被動含義；它們是：need, want, require等；如： Your sick mother needs looking after. Your sick mother needs to be looked after. 你病弱的母親需要照料；7接虛擬語氣的動詞 有些動詞表示 “應當

11、 或命令、建議、要求等 ”時,其后的賓語從句用 should 加動詞原形,其中should 常可省略；它們是： order, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request, require, propose 等；如：Our teacher requires this be done in no time. 我們老師要求這個立刻完成；8表示“方案未能實現(xiàn) ”的動詞此類動詞常用過去完成式加不定式,或用過去式接不定式的完成式表虛擬語氣,表達原先的方案未能實現(xiàn)；它們是：intend, mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want, su

12、ppose 等；如：5 / 29 I had meant to tell you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevented me. They hoped to have stayed there a week, but they couldnt because of another important meeting.9現(xiàn)在表將來類這類動詞 詞組 常用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時表將來；它們是：come, go, leave, start, take off 等；如：arrive, move, begin, fall, see, stay, Yo

13、ur plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon. 你的飛機是下午二點一刻起飛；10帶介詞 to 的動詞短語帶 介 詞 to 的 動 詞 短 語 有 ： be get used to, lead to, devote to, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, adapt to 等；當它們后面顯現(xiàn)動詞時,要用 v.- ing 形式；Peter suggested that Tom go there at once. 彼得建議湯姆立刻去那；二、以動詞為詞源形成的常用

14、動詞短語1. 以 break 為中心脫離,逃離break away from break down 出故障,崩潰,粉碎,瓦解break in 闖進,打斷6 / 29 break into 闖入；強行進入break out 爆發(fā),發(fā)生break off 打斷,斷絕,折斷；突然終止break through 突破；克服break up 破裂；解散,分解；終止2. 以 bring 為中心導致,引起,促使bring about 帶回,使回憶,使復原bring back bring down 使下降,打垮,擊落bring forward 提出；提前bring in 把 帶進來；引進；掙得 收入 brin

15、g on 導致,引起,使進展bring out 使顯現(xiàn)；出版bring up 撫養(yǎng),哺育,培育3. 以 call 為中心call at 拜訪某地；?？吭赾all away 叫走；把 留意力 轉移開call for 需要,要求；接 某人,迎call in 召集,收集；下令收回call off 取消,下令停止call on 要求,恭請；號召；拜望 某人 call out 下令罷工；呼喚出動7 / 29 call up 打電話給 ；召集；使想起4. 以 carry 為中心carry away 沖走,帶走；沖昏某人頭腦carry back 拿回,運回；使想起carry off 勝利地應付；獲得 獎品

16、carry on 堅持,連續(xù),進行carry out 貫徹,執(zhí)行,實施5. carry through 堅持究竟,進行究竟；履行承諾 發(fā)生以 come 為中心come about come across 有時發(fā)覺；偶然遇到come back 回來；復原,復原come off 頭發(fā)、牙齒、紐扣 脫落,離開come on 上演；開頭；趕快；進展come out 出來；發(fā)芽；出版；結果是；說出come over 拜訪；突然感到come round/around 清醒；拜望；再次發(fā)生come to an end 終止,終止when it comes to清醒就 而論,談到come to life co

17、me to light 明朗化,顯現(xiàn),顯露出來come to oneself 復原常態(tài)8 / 29 come true 實現(xiàn),成為現(xiàn)實come up 走近；發(fā)生；發(fā)芽； 問題被提出6. 以 cut 為中心cut away 切去,砍掉cut down 砍倒,削減,縮短cut off 切斷,中斷；阻礙,阻擋cut out 切下,剪下,裁下；刪去cut through 開創(chuàng)出路等 cut up 切碎,切掉；使哀痛7. 以 fall 為中心fall back 撤退,后退fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面fall down 不夠好8. fall in love with愛上 fall into

18、 陷入；養(yǎng)成fall off 衰退,削減fall over 被 絆倒以 get 為中心get about 徘徊,走動；流傳get across 使被懂得get along 前進,進步；離去,相處get around 走動；傳播9 / 29 get away 離開,逃脫 get back 取回,回來；報復get down to 認真對待,靜下心來get out of 由 出來,從 得出；防止；舍棄get over 越過；復原,痊愈；克服；完成get rid of 除去,去掉；免除,擺脫get through 撥通；到達；完成；通過；及格get up 起床,起立；忙于,從事9. 以 give 為中

19、心give away 贈送；失去；泄露give back 歸仍；使復原give in 屈服,讓步,投降give off 發(fā)出煙、氣味 give out 分發(fā)；公布；發(fā)出；用完,耗盡give up 舍棄；停止10. 以 go 為中心go about 開頭做某事；忙于某事go across 度過,越過go after 追趕,追求,跟隨go against 反對,不利于go ahead 前進,進展,連續(xù)go along with陪伴,和 一道走 10 / 29 go away 離開,走掉取、拿 經(jīng)過,過去go by 支持,贊成；適用于,去go for 走開；爆炸go off go on 連續(xù),接下去

20、go out 出去；熄滅；送出；播出go over 溫習,檢查go round 拜望；參觀go through 審查,履行；通過；經(jīng)受,忍耐go too far 走得太遠,做 / 說得太過火go up 上升,上漲；攀登go without 沒有 也行11. 以 hold 為中心hold back 隱瞞；阻擋；克制hold down 壓制；壓低hold on 堅持；等一等,別掛斷hold on to 抓住不放；不賣hold out 伸出；供應機會hold up 舉起,豎起；支持??；延誤,使耽擱12. 以 keep 為中心keep away from 不接近,躲開,遠離keep back 阻擋,扣

21、留,隱瞞11 / 29 keep in mind 記住keep off 不接近,遠離；防止吃 或喝、吸 某物keep out 使 不入內；不卷入keep pace with跟上,同 步調一樣keep to 堅持；固守,遵守keep up 連續(xù)； 天氣連續(xù)不變；保持,維護keep up with趕上,跟上,與 并肩前進13. 以 lay 為中心lay aside 把 放在一邊；留存?zhèn)溆胠ay down 放下；規(guī)定14. lay off 臨時解雇；停止超過；永久離開lay out 鋪開,綻開以 leave 為中心leave behind 留下,遺忘攜帶；leave out 省去,遺漏,不把 運算在

22、內leave off 停止；中斷l(xiāng)eave over 留下,剩下leave alone 不干涉,不打攪15. 以 look 為中心look about 四下環(huán)顧；查看look after 照料,看管look around 東張西望12 / 29 look back 回憶,回頭看look back on/upon 回憶look for 查找；期望,期望look down on/upon 俯視；輕視look forward to 希望,期望look into 窺視；調查；瀏覽look on/upon as 把 看作look out 向外看；留意；當心,提防look out for 當心,查找,搜尋

23、look through 透過 看去；看穿；瀏覽look up 查閱；仰視look up to 仰慕,敬重16. 以 pick 為中心pick off 去除；挑選 目標射擊pick out 細心挑出,辨別出pick up 接某人,搭載；撿起；學會； 偶然得到17. 以 pull 為中心pull apart 拉開,分開pull away 開動pull down 拉下,拉倒；拆毀；使 價格 下降；使敗興pull in 車船抵達pull off 短暫停車；獲得勝利13 / 29 18. pull out 駛出,離開克服困難；復原pull through 停止；斥責pull up 以 put 為中心p

24、ut aside 把 放在一邊；擱置；積蓄,攢錢 put away 把 放好,把 整理；貯存 put back 把 放回原處put down 放下；鎮(zhèn)壓；登記 put an end to 終止,終止,廢止put forward 提出；撥快；建議,舉薦；提倡put in 安裝；添上；打斷put off 推遲,延期；排除；推脫,脫下put on 上演；穿上；增加；開動put ones heart into 全神貫注,用心致志put out 熄滅,伸出,拿出put through 完成； 電話用語 撥通；使穿過put up 舉起,掛起；提名,舉薦；支配住宿put up with 忍耐,容忍19. 以

25、 send 為中心send away 解雇；趕走,把 送往遠處send for 派人去叫 請、拿 send off 發(fā)出,寄出；郵購,函購14 / 29 send out 發(fā)出,散發(fā)send up 發(fā)射；使上升；取笑20. 以 set 為中心set about doing 著手,開頭set an example to sb. 給某人樹立榜樣set aside 留出；放在一邊；暫不考慮set back 使推遲；使花費set down 放下,卸下；登記,記載set free 釋放某人 set off 動身；使爆炸；引起set out 動身；發(fā)表；著手做某事set up 建立,設立,開辦；引發(fā),產(chǎn)生

26、21. 以 take 為中心take after 仿效,與 相像take away 拿走,減去；排除take back 收回,取消take care of 當心,留意；照料；提防；謹慎take charge of 負責,主管take down 取下；登記；拆毀take in 留宿；欺詐；吸?。欢胻ake into account/consideration 考慮,重視take off 脫去,除去；起飛,起程15 / 29 take on 出現(xiàn)；雇傭；承擔,擔任take ones place 代替take out 拿出,取出；去除take over 接管,接任；占上風take part in

27、參與,參與take place 發(fā)生；舉辦take pride in 以 為榮,對 感到自豪22. 以 think 為中心考慮think about think highly/well/much/a lot of 對 評判很高think little/ill/nothing of 輕視,看不起think of as 把 看作think out 認真考慮,想通think through 想通；充分考慮think up 想出；創(chuàng)造23. 以 throw 為中心throw at 把 投向throw away throw oneself into 丟棄,鋪張；錯失 機會 投身于,積極從事throw o

28、ut 逐出；拒絕；散發(fā)throw up 嘔吐；使惹眼；匆忙建造24. 以 turn 為中心16 / 29 turn away 把 打發(fā)走,轉臉不理會turn down 調?。获g回,拒絕考慮turn off 關上；拐彎；使厭煩turn on 打開；依靠,取決于；突然攻擊turn out 出席；證明是；向外；顯現(xiàn)turn over 翻轉；轉動turn around 旋轉,轉過身來turn in 上交turn to 轉向,求助于turn upside down 顛倒過來,翻過來1【誤】 He is listening the teacher carefully. 【正】 He is listenin

29、g carefully. 【正】 He is listening to the teacher carefully. 【解讀】學習實義動詞,肯定要分清晰這個動詞屬于及物動詞仍是不及物動詞,然后再依據(jù)不同的使用規(guī)章使用不同的動詞；2【誤】 The mixture is tasted terrible. 【正】 The mixture tastes terrible. 【解讀】連系動詞后接形容詞或相當于形容詞的結構作表語；除了少數(shù)幾個 如 get, become, grow 時態(tài)和被動結構；17 / 29 等外,系動詞不用于進行3After studying in a medical colleg

30、e for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside.Aset outBtook overCtook upDset up 【誤】 B 【正】 C 【解讀】對高頻短語take up 的意思把握不全面,不知道該短語除了表示 “占用 ”之意外,仍可以表示“開頭從事 ”；句意：簡在醫(yī)學院學了五年后,在鄉(xiāng)村從事醫(yī)生工作；set out “動身,開始” ；take over “接收,接管 ”；take up “拿起,開頭從事 ”；set up “設立, 直立”；依據(jù)題意選 C；12022全國卷 The workers _ the g

31、lasses and marked on each box Side Up This”. Acarried B delivered C pressed D packed 【解讀】D考查動詞詞義辨析；句意為：工人們把眼鏡打包,然后在每個箱子上貼上“此端朝上 ”；pack 打包；22022遼寧卷 The new movie _ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. Apromises B agrees C pretends D declines 【解讀】A考查動詞詞義辨析；promise除了表示 “承諾,答應 ” 外,仍有 “有 的期

32、望 ”的意思； agree18 / 29 意為 “同意,贊同 ”；pretend 意為“假裝”；decline 意為“削減,衰退 ”；只有 promise 符合題意；句意為：這部新電影有望成為電影票房史上票房最高的影片之一；3What the young man cant _ is that his mum always treats him like a baby. Asupport B undertake C hold D bear 【解讀】 D 考查動詞辨析； A 意為“支持”；B 意為“承擔,擔任,著手做 ”；C 意為 “握住,容納 ”；D 意為 “容忍,忍耐 ” ；句意為：這個年輕人

33、無法忍耐的是他的母親總是把他當個小孩來對待；依據(jù)題意可知應選 D；4We want to rent a bus which can _ 40 people for our trip to Beijing. Aload B hold C fill D support 【解讀】B依據(jù)句意,此處需用表示“容納,包含 ”的動詞,只有 B 項符合；5. The film Avatar will be on tonight but its at 1：30 am. I dont want to _ that late. Astay up B show off C put up D get off 【解讀】

34、A 考查動詞短語辨析； stay up 熬夜； show off 炫耀,賣弄； put up 舉起,建起,張貼；get off 下車,動身,脫掉；依據(jù)題干意思選 A；6How are you managing to do your business without a 19 / 29 secretary.Well, I _ somehow. Aget along B care about C watch out D set off 【解讀】 A 考查動詞短語辨析； get along 將就生活,工作 動身；下去； care about 關注； watch out 當心； set off7Ive

35、 _ my umbrella in the office and Ill have to fetch it. Aforgot B left C remained D lost 【解讀】B依據(jù)句意,此處需用表示“遺漏,遺棄 ”的動詞,B 項符合題意；8Dont let yourself be _ into doing anything you dont want to do. Atold B made Ctalked D asked 【答案】 C 9The designs of the few tools should be _ carefully, so that we can pick ou

36、t the one that best suits our job. Bexamined Atried Cexperimented 【答案】 B Dexperienced 10He cant be at home now, for I saw him _ in the gym just now. 20 / 29 Agiving out Bworking out Ccarrying out Dbringing out 【解讀】 B 此題考查短語辨析； give out 用完,分發(fā)； work out 解決,錘煉； carry out 實現(xiàn),執(zhí)行； bring out 出版,生產(chǎn)；句意為：他現(xiàn)在不

37、行能在家,剛才我仍看到他在健身房錘煉；故 B項正確；11 So Helen, are we going for that Chinese meal you promised me.Well ,I kind of forgot to _ do French. , so well have to Aconsult B order C reserve D confirm 【解讀】C 由答語的 “so well have to do French 可以看出,這次吃不上上次承諾給對方的中國飯菜了,只有“我”忘了預定reserve 可以講得通； consult 商討,向 請教； order 點餐菜或飲料；

38、confirm 證明；確定；12 One primary goal of UNESCO is to _ modern knowledge societies in which all people can participate in information and knowledge. Amake up Bpolish up Cbuild up Dtake up 【解讀】 C 考查動詞短語辨析； build up 建立； take up 從事；polish up 改善,潤色； make up 補償,虛構,整理,和解,化21 / 29 妝；句意為：建立現(xiàn)代化的學問社會,讓全部的人都能參與信息與

39、學問,是聯(lián)合國教科文組織的一個主要目標；13Its extremely dangerous for the drivers to _speed as the traffic lights are changing. Apull up B put up C rise up D pick up 【解讀】 D 考查動詞短語辨析；句意為：對于司機來說在紅綠燈變換時,加速是特別危急的；pull up 停下來； put up 建造,舉起,供應 住宿； rise up 起義,上升,為不及物動詞詞組；pick up “加速”,符合題意；14His guilty expression _ my suspicio

40、n. Aconsidered Bcommitted Cconfirmed Dconvinced 【解讀】 C confirm 證明,確認；句意為：他內疚的表情證實了我的猜疑； consider 認為；考慮； commit 犯罪；做 承諾；convince 說服,使信服；15 We complained to the travel agency about the horrible service during our trip, but no one has _ by now. Aresponded Badvocated 主見；擁護；Crecovered Dsurvived 【解讀】Aresp

41、ond答復,回應； advocaterecover 復原,找回； survive 幸存,生仍；22 / 29 1 2022山 東 淄 博 模 擬 The headmaster will_a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon. Adeliver Baddress Cannounce Ddeclare 解讀：句意為：今日下午校長將要對來訪的外賓發(fā)表講話；deliver 發(fā)表, deliver a speech 發(fā)表演講； address sb.對某人講話,對某人發(fā)表演說；明；答案：A announce 宣布,通告； decla

42、re 宣告,聲2 2022東北三校模擬I think I should wear a dress instead of this jeans. Itjust a small informal party , so you don have to_.Awarm up Bput up Cdress up Dkeep up 解讀：句意為： 我覺得我應當穿禮服不能穿牛仔服；這只是一個不太正式的小聚會,因此,你不必刻意裝扮；dress up 穿上特別服裝,喬裝,化妝；23 / 29 答案：C 山 東 臨 沂 If you keep practising your son in 3 2022footbal

43、l ,he _to make a famous player.Awants Bhopes Cpromises Dwishes 解讀：句意為：假如你堅持對你兒子進行足球訓練,他有希望成為一個聞名的球員；答案：C promise 有前途,有 的可能；4 2022山 東 煙 臺 模 擬 Newly-developed materials for spaceships can_extreme weather conditions.Ahold Bsupport Cstand Dcompete 解讀：句意為：新研發(fā)的航空材料能經(jīng)受極端天氣條件的考驗；stand 抗擊,抵擋,經(jīng)受,符合語境；答案：C 5 2

44、022 杭州模擬 Everyone in the village hoped that he would_after a few days treatment.Apick up Bcome up Ckeep up Dmake up 解讀：句意為：村里的每一個人都期望他能在幾天的治療后24 / 29 康復； pick up 好轉,復原；come up 走上前來,發(fā)芽,發(fā)生；keep up 保持； make up 編造,補償,扮裝,構成；答案：A He didn_what I said 6 2022山東棗莊調研because his mind was on something else.Ahold

45、 on Bhang on Ctake in Dget over 解讀：句意為：他沒有懂得我說的話,由于他剛才想別的呢； take in 懂得,領悟； hold on 不掛斷； hang on 堅持,不掛斷,靠著,期望； get over 爬過,克服,熬過,復原；答案：C to find her 720223 月濟南模擬 Stella was disappointed new plan_and fell into great depression.Aput away Bcarried out Cturned down Dleft out 解讀：考查動詞短語辨析；句意為：Stella 看到她的方案

46、被拒絕特別敗興,難以振作；put away 收起來,放好； carry out 完成；turn down 拒絕； leave out 漏掉,忽視；答案：C 4月 濟 南 模 擬 What the young man 8 202225 / 29 can t_is that his mum always treats him like a baby.Asupport Bundertake Chold Dbear 解讀：考查動詞辨析； bear 此處表示 “忍耐”；support 表示“支持”；undertake 表示“從事”；hold 就表示 “容納 ”；依據(jù)語意 “那個年輕人無法容忍的是 ”,選 D 項；答案：D 4月濟 南模 擬Internet shopping is 92022really_when people are sure of its safety.Ataking off Btaking up Csetting off Dsetting up 解讀：考查動詞詞組辨析；句意為：當人們確認了它的安全性之后,網(wǎng)絡購物真的快速流行起來；take up 表示 “從事,占據(jù) ”；set off 造,建立 ”；依據(jù)語意選 A 項；答案：A take off 表示 “快速流行 ”；表示“動身”；set up 表示“建102022 黑龍江檢測 The girl no