初中階段不定式總結(jié)及習(xí)題及答案

1、unit1-3語法-不定式todo1不定式的基本形式與結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式指通常由to加上動詞原形（如towrite）所構(gòu)成的一種動詞形式，但在有些情況下to可以省略。所有的主動詞，不論是及物動詞還是不及物動詞，都有不定式形式。沒有不定式形式。動詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。2不定式的用法1）不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語getcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwanmadehimextremelyhappysincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsagofinishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge

2、在上述情況下，如果不定式較長，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞讓作形式主語（形式主語it不可由that或this等其他代詞代替），而將不定式放到后面。如：madehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsagoadmittedthatitisalwaysdifficultforhimtobeontime不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動作是誰做的，即不定式的邏輯主語,通常可以通過forsb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：如：isquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksd

3、uringageneralreviewItisnotdifficultfotthosetalentedstudentstopasstheexam.在某些形容詞（如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等）作表語時，不定式后可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語：isverykindofyoutotellmethetruthisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything2）不定式作賓語不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式，另一種是“及物動詞+疑問詞

4、+帶to的不定式。及物動詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：只能跟動詞不定式的動詞，常見的有：afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decidedemand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，swear，undertake，want，wish等。managedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.strangerofferedtosh

5、owmetheway.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.動詞+疑問代（副）詞+不定式：這類動詞常見的有advise，decide，findout，forget，inquire，know，learn，see，regard初中英語語法總結(jié)，remember，teach，tell，understand，wonder等。常見的疑問代（副）詞有：what，when，where，which，how，whether等。doesnotknowwhentostart.candecidewhethertocontinueortostop.willshowyou

6、howtodealwithit.有時，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：動詞（如find，think，consider，feel等）+it+形容詞+不定式。considersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.finditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9oclock.3）不定式做表語一種情況為主語是不定式（表示條件）；表語是不定式（表示結(jié)果）：seeistobelieve.workmeanstoearnaliving另一種情況為主語/是aim，duty,hope，idea，job，plan，p

7、roblem，purpose，thing，wish等名詞為中心的短語，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式表語對主語起補充說明作用：；例如：aimistostudyabroadinthenearfuturemostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemaboutthepriceIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperience4）不定式作定語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作名詞詞組修飾語主要有三種類型：第一種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯賓語。例如：wasreallynothingtofeargavemeaninterestingbooktor

8、ead如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就得加相應(yīng)的介詞。例如：needsafriendtoplaywithgirlhasnothingtoworryabouthaveastrictteachertolistentothefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes，Istillwasnotabletofindachairtositon第二種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯主語；例如：yougotakeytounlockthedoor?actiontobetakeniscorrectisnothingtobegainedbypretending第三種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的同位結(jié)構(gòu)。這類

9、名詞通常是表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意義的名詞：ability，attempt，effort，impulse，inclination，wish等。例如：daughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseherhavenowishtoquarrelwithyouofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.5）不定式作狀語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語通常都能轉(zhuǎn)換為限制性狀語從句。例如作原因狀語：arequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthe

10、areaarequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceintheareawasluckytoarrivebeforedarkwasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark作目的狀語：raisedhervoicetobehearedbetterraisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetterwentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjamwentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam作結(jié)果狀語：French

11、footballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBraziliansFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBraziliansgottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgonegottothestationandwastoldthatthetrainhadgone不帶to的不定式的使用動詞不定式通常帶to,但在有些搭配中不帶to,在另一些搭配中可帶to可不帶to。歸納起來，以下情況下使用不帶to不定式：在can/could,/may/m

12、ight,will/would,shall/should,must,need,dare等情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞不定式不帶to。在表示感覺意義的動詞，如see初中英語語法總結(jié)，feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后，或是表示“致使意義的動詞，如have,let,make等后，動詞不定式不帶to。例如：oftenheardhimsaythathewouldstudyhardmusthavehimseehisownmistakes但是，當(dāng)這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時，后面的不帶to不定式一般轉(zhuǎn)換為帶to不定式。例如：wasoftenheardtosaythathewou

13、ldstudyhardhehadfinishedspeaking,hewasmadetoanswerinnumerablequestions在動詞help之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶to的不定式。例如：theoldlady(to)carrytheheavybox.在hadbetter,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,ratherthan,cannotbut等搭配之后初中英語語法總結(jié)，動詞不定式也不帶to。例如：youfeeltoilltogoout,Iwouldrathernotstayathometonightcouldnotbutcriticizehisfoo

14、lishbehaviour.在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,letfall,letfly,letslip,letdrive,letgooff,hearsay,heartell,leavegoof等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動詞不定式。例如：letgooftherope.他們松開了繩子。letflyatorrentofabuseatme.約翰朝我痛罵了一頓。veheardtellofhim.我聽說過他。ofthefacultywereletgoforlackofthestudents由于生源不足，一些教職員工被解雇了。在介詞but初中英語語法總結(jié)初中英語語法總結(jié)，excep

15、t之后，如果其前有動詞do的某種形式，其后不定式一般不帶to,反之則必須帶to,表示“不得不，只能”。例如：willdoanythingexceptworkonthefarm.wasnothingleftfortheenemytodobutsurrender.spywasbothhungryandcold；therewasnothingleftforhimbuttogiveinhadnochoicebuttowaittillitstoppedraining下面一些短語是固定搭配，不帶to：cannothelpbut，cannotchoosebut，cannotbut，donothingbut，

16、havenothingtodobut。例如：Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.如果上述句中有do,to省略：IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight如果是下面一個固定搭配，就帶to：Ihavenochoicebuttogiveupmyidea.7）緊跟在why或whynot之后的動詞不定式總是不帶to。但是,緊跟在who,what，which，whether等連接詞后的不定式帶to。例如：Whystandupifyoucansitdown?Whynotaskyourteacherwhenyoudontunderstandthemeaning?Younee

17、dntdecideyetwhethertostudyartsorscience4不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的標(biāo)志to前加not。例如：decidednottoaskhimagainremembernottoleavethelightsonwhenyouareout動詞不定式練習(xí)一.根據(jù)上句意思完成下句,使兩句意思相近或相同,每空一詞。Hewassoangrythathecouldntsayanything.Hewastooangryanything.Idontknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.Idontknowwhenthemeeting.Hesaidhewou

18、ldwritealetter.Hesaidhewouldhavealetter.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.ItisveryimportantyouEnglishinthemorning.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.（石頭）Hewasstrongthestone.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.HisfatherwenttoBeijinghisholiday.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.

19、Theygotupearlythereintime.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.Hisbrotherdecidedthebook.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.HehopestheGreatWall.sawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseenintotheroom.madehimworkfivehoursaday.Hewasmadefivehoursaday.youwanttosayanythingforyourself?Doyouhaveanythingforyourself?dontkn

20、owwhatweshalldonext.Wedontknowwhatnext.mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.Imverysorrythebadnews.stoppedandhadalookatme.Hestoppedalookatme.helpedhimwithhisEnglish.IhelpedhimEnglish.fatherpromised（許諾）thathewouldbuymeabike.Myfatherpromisedmeabike.boxissoheavythatIcantcarryit.Theboxistooheavyme.“Liedown!”the

21、boysaidtohisdog.Theboyorderedhisdogdown.“Dontmakeanynoise,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmeanynoise.二.單選：Thiscompanywasthefirstportableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.producedThepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.

22、nottomakeD.nortomakeHelenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheardIdontknowwhetheryouhappen,butIamgoingtostudyinthethisSeptember.A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheardThenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarsha

23、dleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldYouweresillynotyourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedTheteacheraskedussomuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeAnarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissu

24、edD.tobeissuedIdratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,thanaroomwithsomeoneelse.A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.shareD.sharingThebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylightyesterday.A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbedAnumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelievedinafire.A.beingdestroy

25、edB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyedThemeetingnextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.A.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplaceC.tohavetakenplaceD.beingtakenplaceAsaresultofmylaziness,Ifailedmyworkintime.A.andfinishedB.tofinishC.andfinishingD.tofinishedIamsorrywrittenyoualetteratthetime.A.tohaven

26、otB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothavingWillyoulendhimamagazine?A.tobereadB.forreadingC.toreadD.hereadHecoulddonothingbutforthebus.A.wait,tocomeB.wait;comeC.waiting;comingD.waited;came17.Itisaproblemthatdoesntneedrightnow.A.tosolveB.solvingC.beingsolvedD.tobesolvingTheresamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsver

27、yangryandIthinkhemeanstrouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeIrememberhimthebikeneeded.A.hearing,saying,torepairB.tohear,say,torepairC.hearing,say,repairingD.tohear,saying,toberepaired-Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.-Imeant,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldntfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.

28、doingsoRobertissaidtoabroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyB.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingImgongtoXiannextweek.Haveyouanythingtoyourparents?A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobeboughttoD.tobuywhenaretheyintheirplan?A.handB.handedC.tohandD.giveInsuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetob

29、ewaterediftheyA.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurvivedD.willsurvive25.Whenwehurriedtothestation,therehappenednobusatthattime.A.tohaveB.tobeC.havingD.being26.Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,mattersworse,itbegantorain.A.madeB.havingmadeC.makingD.tomakeAttimedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,tho

30、ughsheisalwaystoobusyagoodrest.A.no,totakeB.no,takingC.any,totakeD.one,taking-Areyouastudent?-No,butIused.A.tobeB.towasC.todoD.tobeaIstoppedtolisten,andmysonseemedhimselfinthelivingroom.A.toenjoy,toshutB.tobeenjoying,shuttingC.tobeenjoying,shutD.tohaveenjoyed,havingshutWithalotofdifficultproblems,th

31、enewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledWereleavingatsixoclock,andhopemostofthejourneybylunchtime.A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tomakeD.tohavemadeThestudyofthewildworldmayhelptomaketheworldeasier.A.understoodB.tobeunderstoodC.tounderstandD.understandWhowillyougetthe

32、projectforus?A.designB.todesignC.designedD.designingItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknowA.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithitWearenotallowedoutdoorswithsomeotherchildren.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.toplayD.beplayingAllenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwastocarrya

33、llthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuchShefeelssostronglythateachofusshouldhavearoleinmakingtheearthabetterplacetolivein.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying38.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewasthepersonA.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendi

34、ngitto39.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappearseverything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldTherearefivepairs,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosingTheproblemisdifficultforus.A.so;workoutB.verytoo;tobeworkedoutC.rathertoo,toworkoutD.quitetoo,toworkit

35、out-WhereshouldImyapplication?-Thepersonnelofficeistheplace.A.send;tosenditB.sendfor;tosendittoC.sendfor;forsendingitD.send;tosendittoIveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.expectsD.tobeexpectingIfeelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.i

36、stobeblamedD.shouldblameCanyouimaginethequestionsIhadourteacher?A.askedB.toaskC.askingD.askWhodidyouthewallyesterday?A.havepaintedB.havepaintC.havetopaintD.havepainting-WhatsthematterwithJohn?-Hedidntpassthetestbuthestill.A.hopessoB.hopestoC.hopeitD.hopethatMuchattentionshouldbepaidpeopleslivingcond

37、itions.A.inimprovingB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimprovingthateveningwasduetohisillhealth.A.HefailedtocomeB.ThathefailedtocomingC.HisfailuretocomeD.HisfailureincomingIwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggoneMyfamilyconsidersacomputer,which

38、isconsideredagreathelpinourworkandstudy.A.tobuy;tobeB.buying;beingC.tobuy;beingD.buying;tobe52.Withtheplaneintenminutes,allthepassengersonboardwereaskedtoturnofftheirmobilephones.A.takenoffB.takingoffC.totakeoffD.wouldtakeoff53.Thankyouforallthetroubleyouvetaken_me.A.tohelpB.withtohelpC.inhelpingD.o

39、fhelping54.Heisbelieved_thecollegeexam,forheisnowstudyingveryhardnow.A.topassB.tohavepassedC.passD.thathecanpassWillyouhaveanybodytheflowers?Yes,Illhavetheflowers.A.plant,plantedB.toplant,plantedC.plant;tobeplantedD.toplant,plantTheyarelookingforwardwithhopefromyousoon.A.tohearingB.ofhearingC.hearin

40、gD.tohearBusytranslatingabook,hecouldnthelpthearticle.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.writtenZhouLandoesnthavetobemade.Shealwaysstudiesveryhard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learnedthiscake,youllneed2eggs,175gsugar,and175gflour.A.Havingmade,B,MakeC.TomakeD.MakingIfeelitanhonourtospeakhere.A.tobeaskedB.toaskC

41、.havingaskedD.askedHeaskedmehereearlier.A.comeB.tocomeC.comingD.came62.Pleasetellhimonthewall.A.dontdrawBtonotdrawC.nottodrawD.notdraw63.Hewanted_acupoftea.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had64.Idlike_awordwithyou.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have65.Icamehere_myuncle.A.sawB.toseeC.seeingD.tobeseen66.Themanrefused

42、(（拒絕）backhiswords.A.totakeB.A.toberepairedA.toberepairedB.torepairC.takingC.tookD.takes67.Icanletyou_oneticket.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.had68.Weoftenheardhiminhisroom.A.tosingB.singsC.sangD.sing69.Hewasmade_dayandnight.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.worked70.Hestoppedalook,butsawnothing.A.havingB.tohaveC.h

43、aveD.had71.Myfatherwastooangryaword.A.tosayB.nottosayC.tosayingD.didntsay72.Mybrotherwasoldenoughtoschool.A.wentB.goesC.goingD.togo73.Itistime_himsupper.A.of,tohaveB.for,tohaveC.of,havingD.for,tohas74.Itsverykind_youme.A.of,tohelpB.for,tohelpC.of,helpD.of,helping75.Itsimportant_ourclassroomcleaneveryday.A.keptB.tokeepC.togiveD.keep76.Beforeliber