英語專八翻譯真題

1、一種人的生命究竟有多大意義，這有什么原則可以衡量嗎？提出一種絕對的原則固然很困難；但是，大體上看一種人看待生命的態(tài)度與否嚴肅認真，看她看待勞動、工作等等的態(tài)度如何，也就不難對這個人的存在乎義做出合適的估計了。 古來一切有成就的人，都很嚴肅地看待自己的生命，當她活著一天，總要盡量多勞動、多工作、多學習，不肯虛度年華，不讓時間白白地揮霍掉。國內(nèi)歷代的勞動人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。 How significant is a person s life? Is there any standard to measure it? It will be very difficult to p

2、ut forward an absolute standard, but in general, the significance of one s existence can be estimated by how he treats his life, by what attitude he takes to work and what ways he chooses to live. From ancient times up to now, all the accomplished people treat their lives very seriously. They work a

3、nd, learn as much as possible. They hate to spend the best of their lives in vain, they do not want to let their time slip by. All the laboring people, great statesmen and thinkers of our country at all ages treasure their time in this way.原文It is simple enough to say that since books have classes f

4、iction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be fals

5、e, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and

6、 reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fines, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presen

7、ce of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. 英譯漢： 然而幾乎沒有什么人會從書中提問：書能給我們什么。最為普遍的是，我們接觸書時懷有一種不甚清晰及與其相抵觸的想法：規(guī)定故事必須是真實的，規(guī)定詩歌必須是虛構(gòu)的，規(guī)定傳記必須是唱贊歌的，規(guī)定歷史

8、必須可以增強讀者原有的結(jié)識。我們讀書時若能驅(qū)逐所有這些先入之見，讀書就會有一種良好的開端。不要規(guī)定作家做什么，要設(shè)法使自己變成她，變成她的合伙者，她的同伙。如果你讀書伊始就躊躇不決，持保存態(tài)度，或者要進行批評，你就不能從閱讀中得到最大益處。如果你能盡量打開思路，那么極細微的美質(zhì)符號和暗示都會從曲折婉轉(zhuǎn)的語句中顯現(xiàn)出來，把你引到一種與眾不同的人面前。 得病此前，我受父母寵愛，在家中橫行霸道，一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，我頓感打入冷宮，十分郁郁不得志起來。一種春天的傍晚，園中百花怒放，父母在園中設(shè)宴，一時來賓云集，笑語四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗簾，窺見園中大千世界，一片繁華，自

9、己的哥姐，堂表兄弟，也穿插其間，個個喜氣洋洋。一霎時，一陣被人摒棄，為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭，禁不住痛哭起來。Before I fell ill, my parents doted on me a lot. I could have my way at home. Once I was isolated and confined in a chamber on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed. One spring evening, my parents h

10、eld a Banquet in the garden, where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. In no time, a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there. I, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my e

11、lder sisters, brothers and my cousins, each full of the joys of spring, were shuttling among the guests. Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.E-C原文：In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James,

12、Feminore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest, “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to sho

13、w me?” she asks. Hes astonished she cant see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, fut

14、ure-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming, never being.”譯文在其典型故事開拓者中，詹姆士菲尼摩爾庫珀讓主人公，一種土地開發(fā)商，

15、帶她的表妹參觀正在由她承建的一座都市。她描述了寬闊的街道，林立的房屋，熱鬧的都市。她的表妹環(huán)顧四周，大惑不解。她所看見的只是一片樹林。“你想讓我看的那些美景和改造了的地方在哪兒啊?”她問道。她見表妹看不到那些東西，感到很驚訝?！澳膬?到處都是啊!”她答道。雖然那些東西尚未建成在大地上，但她已在心中將它們建好了。對她來說，它們都是實實在在的，宛如已建成竣工同樣。庫珀這里闡明的是一種典型的美國人特性：著眼于將來，即可以從將來的角度看待目前；可以自由地不為過去所羈絆，而在情感上更多地依附于將來的事物。正如阿爾伯特愛因斯坦曾經(jīng)說過的那樣：“對美國人來說，生活總是在發(fā)展變化中，歷來不會靜止不變?！痹谌穗H

16、關(guān)系問題上我們不要太浪漫主義。人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一種人時一方面看到的都是她或她的長處。這一點頗像是在餐館里用餐的經(jīng)驗。開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時候，印象較好。吃頭兩個主菜時，也是贊不絕口。愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓筵席，缺陷就都找出來了。于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責怪挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。這是由于，第一，開始吃的時候你正處在饑餓狀態(tài)，而餓了吃糠甜加蜜，飽了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一種餐館，開始舉筷時有新鮮感，新蓋的茅房三天香，這也可以叫做“陌生化效應(yīng)”。We shouldnt be too romantic about human relationships. Human beings are fu

17、nny. Usually, when they meet a person they will first notice his or her merits. Its just like the experience of dinning in a restaurant. The starter or cold dish will leave you a very good impression. You will be full of praise while eating the firsttwo main courses. The more you eat, the calmer you

18、 will become. At the end of the dinner all the shortcomings come out. Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nitpicking, and headingnodding to headshaking. This is because: first, you are hungry when you begin eating. When you are hungry, the bran tastes as sweet as honey; when you ar

19、e full, even the honey tastes insipid. E-C原文：For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an enti

20、re day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.I am lonely only when I am overtired , when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely som

21、etimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by wa

22、tering the plants and, perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bring back all I have recently experienced to b

23、e explored and slowly understood. 只有在我過于勞累，在我長時間無間斷地工作，在我感到內(nèi)心空虛，需要彌補的時候，我才寂寞。而有時在我巡回演講后回家時，在我見了許多人，講了許多話，且經(jīng)歷多得需要清理時，我才寂寞。于是有那么一小會兒感覺房子又大又空，我都不懂得我的自我藏在哪兒了。于是我會給植物澆澆水，或者將它們再挨個兒瞅瞅，仿佛它們是人同樣。這樣我才慢慢地重新找回自我。好大一會兒，我看著水浪從噴泉中噴涌而出，但只有當世界在我身邊逐漸消逝時，那一時刻才會到來，自我又從內(nèi)心深處的無意識中冒出來，帶來我近來的種種經(jīng)歷，讓我探究，慢慢領(lǐng)略。1995簡.奧斯丁的故事都是三五戶

24、人家居家度日，婚戀嫁娶的小事。因此不少中國讀者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的名譽。但一部故事開掘得深不深，藝術(shù)和思想與否有過人之處，的確不在題材大小。有人把奧斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄欖。這不僅由于她的語言精彩，并曾對故事藝術(shù)的發(fā)展有發(fā)明性的奉獻，也由于她的輕快活潑的論述事實上并不那么淺白，那么透明。史密斯夫人說過，女作家常常試圖修正現(xiàn)存的價值秩序，變化人們對“重要”和“不重要”的見解。也許奧斯丁的故事能教我們學會轉(zhuǎn)換眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的論述所波及的那些不小的問題。However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor

25、by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austens works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the t

26、astier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit

27、 and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing peoples opinions on what is “important” and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walki

28、ng to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured the numbers on the money chart and ignoring va

29、lues more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barte

30、r their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I dont want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelt

31、ies, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups when they have to be acknowledged a

32、s “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.答案

33、對我的幾種兒子來說，鄉(xiāng)村固然有充足的新鮮蔬菜，垂釣來的魚，鄰里菜園和果園里可供分享的豐盛瓜果。鄉(xiāng)下有不用付報酬便可請來照看孩子的鄰居，作為回報，我兒媳也幫著照看其孩子。鄉(xiāng)鄰之間互相互換技能和勞動。但比之更重要的是，你如何來衡量那靜謐與安詳？如何來衡量自我價值呢？我無意將小地方的生活抱負化。由于有時外面的世界會無情地侵入：例如汽油價格上漲，開發(fā)商把眼睛盯住尚未開發(fā)的農(nóng)田；那里充斥著兇殘和偏狹，大都市的種種卑劣行徑，小地方也一應(yīng)俱全。不僅如此，當人們無法自欺欺人地硬把那些丑惡現(xiàn)象想象成只是小地方的一小部分或?qū)⑺鼈兘忉尀樗l(xiāng)人的為所欲為，而又不得不承認這一切是我們的一部分時，就更難以忽視它們。199

34、6 近讀報紙，對國內(nèi)名片和請柬的議論頗多， 于是想起客居巴黎時常常用到的法國人手中的名片和請柬，隨筆記下來，似乎不無借鑒之處。 在巴黎，名錄繁多的酒會，冷餐會是廣交朋友的好機會。在這種場合陌生人相識，如果是亞洲人，她們往往開口之前先畢恭畢敬地用雙手把自己的名片呈遞給對方，這仿佛是不可缺少的禮節(jié)。然而，法國人一般卻都不大積極遞送名片，雙方會面寒暄幾句，甚至海闊天空地聊一番也就各自走開，只有當雙方談話投機，但愿繼續(xù)交往時，才會積極掏出名片。二話不說先遞名片反倒顯得有些勉強。參照譯文：In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of differ

35、ent kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required cour

36、tesy on their part. The French, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards. It wil

37、l seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way.E-C原文：It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of t

38、he campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nations economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and te

39、levision commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeed more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America a nation of renewed military strengt

40、h, individual initiative, and smaller federal government. 參照譯文：這應(yīng)當不是件難事。這都是些跟著里根近年、久經(jīng)沙場的老將，她們跟共和黨則有更深厚的淵源，是這個國家里最熟悉總統(tǒng)政治的人。競選的背景也很有利，也諸多好消息可供炒作。例如，美國上下一片和平，美國經(jīng)濟這一競選要素也在通過一段時間的衰退之后開始強勁反彈。此外，這次競選自身得到了慷慨資助，因此有富余的資用于組織一流的競選班子、支付巡回演講和電視廣告的費用。而最重要的一點是，她們的候選人是羅納德里根，她可是位極具個人魅力和溝通技巧的總統(tǒng)。自約翰F肯尼迪總統(tǒng)以來，里根是最成功地勾勒出美

41、國藍圖的總統(tǒng)：一種軍事力量復興、富有個人進取心、聯(lián)邦政府得以精簡的國家。1997C-E原文：來美國求學的中國學生與其她亞裔學生同樣，大多非?？炭嗲趭^，周末也往往會抽出一天甚至兩天的時間去實驗室加班，因而比起美國學生來，成果出得較多。我的導師是亞裔人，嗜煙好酒，脾氣暴躁。但她十分欣賞亞裔學生勤奮與夯實的基本知識，也特別理解亞裔學生的心理。因此，在她實驗室所招的學生中，除有一名來自德國外，其他5位均是亞裔學生。她干脆在實驗室的門上貼一醒目招牌：“本室助研必須每周工作7天，早10時至晚12時，工作時間必須全力以赴?！边@位導師的嚴格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位學生被招進她的實驗室

42、，最后博士畢業(yè)的只剩余5人。1990年夏天，我不顧別人勸阻，硬著頭皮接受了導師的資助，從此開始了艱難的求學路程。參照譯文：Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spen

43、d one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly apprecia

44、tes the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching not

45、ice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a hal

46、f years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisors sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of a

47、cademic pursuit.E-C原文：Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it.

48、The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world thro

49、ugh imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagina

50、tion may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.參照譯文：聆聽歌劇，無疑昂貴至極。但是，昂貴的事物并非必然屬于富人的范疇，除非我們放棄社會的選擇權(quán)。我們可以選擇去使歌劇以及其她某些昂貴的文化形式也能為那些不具有個人支付能力的人所享有。但問題是，我們有必要這樣做嗎？沒人會否認食物、居所、防護、健康與教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前時代的洞穴中，人類伸出手來，早就不單純是為了吃、喝或搏殺，并且亦進行繪畫創(chuàng)作。人類對于文化的沖動，通過形象思維和再現(xiàn)手段來

51、體現(xiàn)并摸索世界的欲望，乃亙古有之。在歐洲，這一欲望在我們的音樂、藝術(shù)、文學和戲劇杰作中尋找到了其實現(xiàn)形式。這些杰作構(gòu)成了我們所有努力的試金石。作為試金石，它們能衡量出人類的思想和想象力所也許企及的限度。它們攜帶著最寓意深刻的主題，可在人類彼此間互相傳遞。1998C-E原文：這次到臺灣訪問交流，雖然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，訪了舊友，交了新知，人們走到一起，談?wù)摰囊环N重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀的強盛。雖然祖國大陸、臺灣的青年生活在不同的社會環(huán)境中，有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)歷，但人們的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀老式的印記，都擁有著振興中華民族的共同抱負。在世紀之交的偉大時代，我們的祖國正在走

52、向繁華富強，海峽兩岸人民也將加強交流，共同推動祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完畢。世紀之交的珍貴機遇和巨大挑戰(zhàn)將青年推到了歷史前臺?？缡兰o青年一代應(yīng)當用什么樣的姿態(tài)迎接布滿但愿的新世紀，這是我們必須回答的問題。日月潭水波不興，仿佛與我一同在思考參照譯文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gathe

53、r together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of li

54、fe, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation). In this great epoch at the turn of the century, ou

55、r motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. The precious opportunities and the tremen

56、dous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to

57、 which we have to seek an answer.E-C原 文：To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in

58、dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (esp

59、ecially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own an

60、d which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.參照譯文：那么，要談?wù)撁绹膶W，倒并非意欲斷言，它與歐洲文學全然大相徑庭。廣而言之