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1、 ArgumentArgumentArgument 寫作 6 Argument 常見邏輯錯(cuò)誤ArgumentArgumentArgument 6分（OG39頁clearlyidentifies ArgumentArgumentArgument 寫作 6 Argument 常見邏輯錯(cuò)誤ArgumentArgumentArgument 6分（OG39頁clearlyidentifies（論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)）aspectsoftheargumentrelevantto the assigned task and examines them insightfully（反例）developsideasanize

2、sthemlogically（讓步分析）connectsthemwithcleartransitions（轉(zhuǎn)接詞providescompelling（流程）andthoroughsupportforitsmainconveysideasfluentlyandprecisely,usingeffectivevocabularyand sentence varietyperiorfacilitywiththeconventionsofstandardEnglish(i.e.,grammar,usage,andmechanics)butmayhaveminor5分、4分（OG39 頁63分（OG40

3、頁 AtypicalhiscategoryexhibitsONEORMOREofthefollowingdoes notidentify or examine most of the aspects of the argumentrelevant to the assigned althoughsomerelevantexaminationoftheargumentismainlydiscussestangentialorirrelevantmatters,orreasonsishelogicaldevelopmentanizationofpportoflittlerelevanceandva

4、lueforitsmainhasproblemsinlanguageandtresultinalackofcontains al major errors or frequent minor errors in grammar, usage, or terferewith OG Revivingthepracticeofusingelementsofpopularmusicinition,andbeeninheUnitedduringthe1960s,popularmusicinhishilipGlass(born1937)OG Revivingthepracticeofusingelemen

5、tsofpopularmusicinition,andbeeninheUnitedduringthe1960s,popularmusicinhishilipGlass(born1937)embracedtheethositions.Glassbasedtwosymphoniesonmusicrock nsDavidBowieandBrianEno,butthesymphoniessounddistinctivelyhis.Popularelementsdonotappearoutofplaceinclassical music, which from its early days has sh

6、ared certain harmonies and rhythmswithrockmusic.YetthisuseofpopularelementshasnotmadeGlassa erofpopularmusic.Hismusicis nota ofpopularpackagedtoattractclassicallisteners;itishighartforlistenerssteepedinnthe PG借鑒了DB和BE，但卻有他獨(dú)樹一幟的風(fēng)格在PG 的音樂中PG 例：A B；提供中間環(huán)節(jié) C B Amption-afactorement(asa ition,ornotion)tak

7、enAlthough spinach is rich in calcium, it also contains large amounts of oxalic acid, a substance yimpedescalciumabsorptionbythebody.Therefore,othercalcium-containingfoodsmusttbeeateneitherinsteadoforinadditiontospinachrsonistobesureofgettingWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument

8、(A)Rice,whichdoesnotcontaincalcium,counteractstheeffectsofoxalicacidoncalcium (B)Dairyproducts,whichcontainevenmorewhoeatspinachonaregularnspinachdoes,areofteneatenby(C)Neitherthecalciumnortheoxalicacidinspinachisdestroyedwhenspinachis(D)Manyleafygreenvegetablesconcentrationsofoxalicn tarerichincalc

9、iumalsocontain(E)Oxalicacidhaslittleeffectonthebodysabilitytoabsorbnutrientsn riodofseveralmonths,researchersattachedsmalllightstothebacksofwetas-insectsnativeZealand-enablingresearchersfortimetomakeobservations of the insects nighttime activities. Thus, riodofseveralmonths,researchersattachedsmalll

10、ightstothebacksofwetas-insectsnativeZealand-enablingresearchersfortimetomakeobservations of the insects nighttime activities. Thus, since wetas forage only at night, researchers observations will significantly improve knowledge of the normal foraging habits of Whichofthefollowingisanmptiononwhichthe

11、argument(A) Researchers erested only in observing the wetasforaging habits and so did not trackofothertypesof(B) No pattern of wetasduringthe t is exhibited by wetas during the nighttime is also exhibited Attaching the small lights to the wetasbacks did not greyalterthewetasnormalnighttime foraging

12、habits.Wetas typically forage more frequently during the months in which the researchers ntheydoatother (E) The researchers did not use other observational techniques to supplement their method usingsmalllightstotrackthenighttimebehaviorofWrite a response in which you discuss what specific evidence

13、is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.Write a response in which you examine the ed and/or ed mptions of the Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these mptions andwhat the implications fortheargumentifthemptionsproveWrite a r

14、esponse in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order decide whether mendationand theargument onwhich it is based are reasonable. Be toexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluateWrite a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in ord

15、er to decidewhethertheadviceandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the advice.Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order decide whether mendation is likely to have the predicte

16、d result. Be sure to explain theanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluateWrite a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure explainhowheanswerstothesequestionswouldhel

17、ptoevaluatetheWrite a response in which you discuss one or more alternative t could rival ed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the heWrite a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be addressed in order decide whether and the argument on whi

18、ch it is based are reasonable. Be sure explainhowtheanswerstothequestionswouldhelptoevaluate.84A術(shù)語的解釋：OG27explainhowtheanswerstothequestionswouldhelptoevaluate.84A術(shù)語的解釋：OG27頁（A B；C B；D 遞進(jìn)（A C D （A B；C D Arctic deer live on islands in Canadas arctic regions. They search for food by er from island to

19、island during the course of the year. Their is limited to areas warm to he plants on which they feed and cold east some of the year, for the ice coverthesea separatingtheislands,allowingthedeertotraveloverit.y,accordingreports from ters, the opulations are declining. Since these reports coincide rec

20、ent global warming thave caused the sea ice to melt, we can t purported decline in opulations is the result of the deers being unable to follow age-oldmigrationpatternsacrossthefrozenWrite a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the andexplainhowtheevidencewouldw

21、eakenorstrengthentheThe following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckingham College. “To servethe housing needs of our students, Buckingham College shouldbuild a numberof new dormitories. Buckinghams enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the

22、 next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find increasingly difficult to afford off-us housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories makeprospectivestudentsmorelikelytoenro

23、llatWrite a response in which you increasingly difficult to afford off-us housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories makeprospectivestudentsmorelikelytoenrollatWrite a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the andexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheI

24、n an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty Countylast year lowered its speed limit fromtoperhouronallcountyhighways.Butthissfailed:thenumberofaccidentsnot decreased, and, based on reports by the highway patrol, many drivers are exceeding the limit. Prunty County should instead undertake the same

25、 kind of road improvement tButler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths, resurfacing rough highways, improving visibility at ersections. Today, major Butler County roads still have a mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this ntherewer

26、efive yearsWrite a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the andexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheThefollowingmemorandumisfromthebusinessmanagerofHappyPancake House“Recently, butter has been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House throughout the

27、 southwestern United es. This change, however, has had little impact on customers.In fact, only about 2 percent of customers have complained, t tof 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Furthermore, many servers have a number of customerswho askfor butter donotcomplainwhentheyare givenmarg

28、arine instead. Clearly, either these customers do not distinguish butter from margarine or they use the buttertorefer toeitherbutteror Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative t could rival ed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the heWovenb

29、asketscharacterizedbyaparticulardistinctivepatternhavepreviouslybeenfoundonlyin the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were be ved tohave been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a “Palean” basketinLithos,anancientvillag

30、eacrossthe BrimRiverfromPalea.The BrimRiverisvery andbroad,andsotheancientPaleanscouldhavecrosseditonlybyboat,andnoPaleanboatsbeenfound.Thusitttheso-calledPaleanbasketswerenotuniquelyWrite a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the andexplainhowtheevidencewouldw

31、eakenorstrengthentheThefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromthemanagerofWWACradio“To reverseThefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromthemanagerofWWACradio“To reverse a decline in listener numbers, our owners have t WWAC must from its current rock-music format. The decline has occurred despite population gr

32、owth in listening area, tgrowth has resulted mainly from people moving here after theirWemustmakelistenersofthesenewresidents.Wecouldswitchtoamusicformattailoredtotastes,but a continuing decline in local sales of recorded music suggests Insteadwe shouldchange toa newsand talkformat,a formofourtisinc

33、reasinglypopularWrite a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the andexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheB；C B；D B） C D B）B；C D 并列（A 遞進(jìn)（A 混合（A 5. A 邏輯錯(cuò)誤：AB瑕疵：A本身的客觀性問題6.Argument常見邏輯錯(cuò)誤 數(shù)量 vs. vs. 7.Argument文章結(jié)構(gòu)你所的論YourSide:你所的論YourSide:8. Argument 常見問題

34、Argument的字?jǐn)?shù)？ 9.ArgumentThe following was written as a part of an application for a small- business loan by a group hecityof “Jazz music isextremely he city of Monroe:over 100,000 people attended annual jazz festivallast summer,and the highest-rated radio onroe isJazz whichairsknight.Also,anumberofwe

35、ll-knownjazznsown Nevertheless, the nearest jazz club is over an hour away. Given the popularity of andarecentnationwide studytthetypicaljazzfanspendscloseto$1,000peronroewouldbetremendouslyonjazzent,a jazz musicArctic deer live on islands in Canadas arctic regions. They search for food by er from i

36、sland to island during the course of the year. Their is limited to areas warm to he plants on which they feed and cold Arctic deer live on islands in Canadas arctic regions. They search for food by er from island to island during the course of the year. Their is limited to areas warm to he plants on

37、 which they feed and cold east some of the year, for the ice coverthesea separatingtheislands,allowingthedeertotraveloverit.y,accordingreports from ters, the opulations are declining. Since these reports coincide recent global warming thave caused the sea ice to melt, we can t purported decline in o

38、pulations is the result of the deers being unable to follow age-oldmigrationpatternsacrossthefrozenWrite a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the andexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheAccording to a recent report, cheating among college and univers

39、ity students is on the However,GrovetonCollegecsfullyreduced studentcheatingbyadopting anhonorwhich calls for students to agree not to heir academic endeavors and to notify a member if t others have cheated. Grovetons honor code replaced a system which teachers closely monitored students; t system,

40、teachers reported an average thirty cases of cheating per year the honor code was in place, students twenty-one cases of cheating; five years later, this figure had dropped to fourteen. Moreover, in recentsurvey,a majorityof Grovetonstudents t they would be less likely to cheat nhonor code in n with

41、out. Thus, all colleges and universities should adopt honor similartoGrovetonsinordertodecreasecheating“Over the past year, our late-night news program has devoted increased time to national and less time to weather and local news. During this time period, most of the complasreceived from viewers we

42、re concerned with our ions coverage of weather and local news. In local tused to advertiseduringour late-night newsprogramhave justcanceled advertising contracts with us. Therefore, in order to attract more viewers to the program and to avoid losing any further advertising revenues, we should restor

43、e the time devoted to weather localnewstoitsformerIn an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County last year lowered its speed limit fromtoperhouronallcountyhighways.Butthissfailed:thenumberofaccidentsnot decreased, and, based on reports by the highway patrol, many drivers are exceeding the li

44、mit. Prunty County should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement tButler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths, resurfacing rough highways, improving visibility at ersections. Today, major Butler County roads still have a mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewe

45、r reported accidents in Butler County this ntherewerefive yearsWrite a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the andexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheArecently Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the and

46、explainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheArecently ed twenty-year study on fferedbythe residentsof Mentia sible utic effect of consuming salicylates. Salicylates are members of the chemicalfamilyasaspirin,a medicine used totreatheadaches.Although manyfoodsare richinsalicylates,food-singcompani

47、esalsoaddsalicylatestofoodsaspreservatives.twenty-year study found a correlation n the he l use of salicylates and steady he average number of headaches reported by study participants. At the when the study concluded, food- sing companies had just t salicylates also be used as flavor additives for f

48、oods, and, as a result, many companies plan to do so. on these study results, some health experts t residents of Mentia will suffer even heWovenbasketscharacterizedbyaparticulardistinctivepatternhavepreviouslybeenfoundonlyin the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore we

49、re be ved tohave been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a “Palean” basketinLithos,anancientvillageacrossthe BrimRiverfromPalea.The BrimRiverisvery andbroad,andsotheancientPaleanscouldhavecrosseditonlybyboat,andnoPaleanboatsbeenfound.Thusitttheso-called

50、PaleanbasketswerenotuniquelyWrite a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the andexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheThefollowingappearedinamemofromthe directorofstudenthousingatBuckingham“To servethe housing needs of our students, Buckingham College s

51、houldbuild a numberof new dormitories. Buckinghams enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find increasingly difficult to afford off-us housing. Finally, attractive new dormitori