新人教必修一 Unit4 Natural disasters-人與自然-災(zāi)害防范-2023年高考英語單元主題素材閱讀+寫作（解析版）VIP

1、目錄 TOC o 1-5 h z 必修 lUnit 4 Natural Disasters2 HYPERLINK l bookmark14 o Current Document The Night The Earth Didnt Sleep2 HYPERLINK l bookmark16 o Current Document TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6, 500 DEAD3譯文3 HYPERLINK l bookmark22 o Current Document 詞匯翻譯訓(xùn)練5名校模擬試題閱讀6 HYPERLINK l bookmark28 o Current Docu

2、ment 01露脊鯨所受傷害6 HYPERLINK l bookmark30 o Current Document 02西部帝王蝶的數(shù)量逐漸下降的現(xiàn)狀及原因9真題閱讀11 HYPERLINK l bookmark0 o Current Document 01加州大樹銳減嚴重11 HYPERLINK l bookmark2 o Current Document 02黃石國家公園里灰狼的消失導(dǎo)致了一系列問題13主題寫作訓(xùn)練安全、自然災(zāi)難14 HYPERLINK l bookmark6 o Current Document 01人行道安全隱患14 HYPERLINK l bookmark8 o Cu

3、rrent Document 02古鎮(zhèn)遭受破壞15 HYPERLINK l bookmark10 o Current Document 03 一次印象深刻的生態(tài)旅游16 HYPERLINK l bookmark12 o Current Document 04保護全球文化遺產(chǎn)17A. Doubtful.B. Positive.Whats the best title for the text?What Is Happening to the MonarchsA. Doubtful.B. Positive.Whats the best title for the text?What Is Happ

4、ening to the MonarchsC. Where All the Monarchs Have Gone【答案】8.C9. A 10. B 11. AC. Worried.D. Cautious.Why the Monarchs Are Flying AwayD. How the Monarchs Adapt to Nature【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了西部帝王蝶的數(shù)量逐漸下降的現(xiàn)狀以及對背后原因的分析與 研究?！?題詳解】 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段三、四句But where they go in between remains an open question to

5、biologists.Therefore, a group of biologists call on anyone who spots a monarch north of Santa Barbara this spring to get a quick shot and email them the photo with a date and a location.（但是它們在中間的位置對生物學(xué)家來說仍然是 一個懸而未決的問題。因此，一群生物學(xué)家呼吁，今年春天，任何在圣巴巴拉北部看到帝王蝶的人，都可 以快速拍一張照片，然后用電子郵件發(fā)給他們照片上的日期和地點。）“可知，生物學(xué)家呼吁群眾幫助

6、的原 因是想要解決關(guān)于帝王蝶的未知問題。應(yīng)選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后三句Yet, theyre not nearly as threatening as those leading to loss of their living room. Farms used to have rough borders that were grounds for the plants monarchs love and live in. However, newly applied practices pushed crops to the edge of fields.（然而，

7、它們遠沒有那些導(dǎo)致帝王蝶失去生存空間的 威脅大。農(nóng)場曾經(jīng)有粗糙的邊界，是帝王蝶喜愛和居住的植物的園地。然而，新應(yīng)用的做法將作物推向了 田地的邊緣。）”可知，新農(nóng)業(yè)活動是對帝王蝶傷害最大的因素。應(yīng)選A項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第一句“Butterflies often have good years and bad. We do think theres potential to turn the situation around/9 Dr. Schultz said.（“蝴蝶經(jīng)常有好年景和壞年景。我們確實認為有可能扭 轉(zhuǎn)這種局面，”舒爾茨博士說。）”可知，舒爾茨博士對帝王

8、蝶的未來持積極的態(tài)度。應(yīng)選B項。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段一、二、三句The Western monarch population stood in the millions in the 1980s. In 2017, an annual count found 200,000 butterflies. In 2018, the number fell to about 30,000 一 a figure that held steady last year. （20世紀80年代，西方帝王蝶的數(shù)量到達數(shù)百萬。2017年，每年的統(tǒng)計發(fā)現(xiàn)了 20萬只蝴蝶。 2018年，這一數(shù)字下降

9、到約3萬人，而去年這一數(shù)字保持穩(wěn)定。）”和五、六句What exactly caused the decline?Biologists attach it to a variety of reasons.（究竟是什么導(dǎo)致了這種下降?生物學(xué)家給出了各種各樣的原因。）” 結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要圍繞帝王蝶身上究竟發(fā)生了什么來展開，所以A選項“What Is Happening to the Monarchs （帝王蝶發(fā)生了什么）”作為標題最為合適。應(yīng)選A項。真題閱讀01加州大樹銳減嚴重California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, ac

10、cording to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor （因素）.The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy nort

11、hern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, a

12、n ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources （資源）.But in comparing a study of California forests

13、done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest wa

14、ter shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt （融雪）.Since the 1930s, McI

15、ntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.What is the second paragraph mainly about?The seriousness

16、 of big-tree loss in California.The increasing variety of California big trees.The distribution of big trees in California forests.The influence of farming on big trees in California.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A. Ecological studies of forests.B. Banning w

17、oodcutting.C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?A. Inadequate snowmelt.B. A longer dry season.C. A warmer climate.D. Dampness of the air.What can be a suitable title for the text?Californias Forests: Where Have All

18、 the Big Trees Gone?Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonWhy Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California【答案】A段落大意題第二段內(nèi)容提到，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過4.6萬平方英里的加州森林中，直徑大于兩英尺的樹木數(shù)量下降了 50%。從霧氣彌漫的北部海岸到內(nèi)華達山脈，再到洛杉 磯上空的圣加布里埃爾，沒有任何地區(qū)幸免或不受影響。在塞拉高地，大樹的數(shù)量

19、下降了 55%以上；在 南加州局部地區(qū)，下降率接近75%。由此可知，第二段主要介紹了加州大樹的受損情況。D事實細節(jié)題第三段講了導(dǎo)致加州大樹數(shù)目下降的許多因素。其中最后一句話提到，激進的野火控制 使得加州森林里擠滿了小樹，這些小樹與大樹競爭資源。由此可知實行火災(zāi)防控措施雖然是出于好意， 卻對大樹的生長不利。C事實細節(jié)題 文章最后一段中提到the biggest factors driving up waterstress in the state have been rising temperatures, McIntyre 認為自 20 世紀 30 年代以來，導(dǎo)致加州水資源 緊張的最大因素是不

20、斷上升的氣溫，氣溫升高會導(dǎo)致樹木流失更多的水分，而提早的融雪那么會減少樹 木在旱季的水資源供應(yīng)。由此可知是溫暖的氣候?qū)е铝怂Y源缺乏。A主旨大意題 文章主要介紹了加州大樹銳減的嚴重狀況以及導(dǎo)致加州大樹數(shù)目下降的許多因素。因此 A 項 California Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?最合適作標題。02黃石國家公園里灰狼的消失導(dǎo)致了一系列問題After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen w

21、olves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development.

22、 By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations major food sources （來源）for the wolf 一 grew

23、rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation （植被），which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red fbxes, and completely drove away the parks beavers.As early as 1966, biol

24、ogists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years comi

25、ng up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes

26、have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.What is the text mainly about?Wildlife research in the United States.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.The conflict be

27、tween farmers and gray wolves.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.What does the underlined word displaced“ in paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested.B. Separated. C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the par

28、ks income.C. Preservation of vegetation. D. An increase in the variety of animals.What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?D. Uncaring.A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving.D. Uncaring.答案與解析D 主旨大意題 文章開頭便提出 了全文的主旨 gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park

29、, 接下來的內(nèi)容都是圍繞這一主題展開的，包括為什么引入灰狼，以及引入后的效果等等。C詞義猜想題 根據(jù)上下文語境，以及下文屢次出現(xiàn)的disappeared可知，此處指灰狼被迫離開了黃石國 家公園。A推理判斷題 文章第三段提到灰狼的消失導(dǎo)致了很多問題：鹿和郊狼的數(shù)量遞增、植被的多樣性減少、 紅狐和河貍的數(shù)量減少，這些都屬于給當?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境帶來的破壞。B觀點態(tài)度題 文章最后一段提到，灰狼的引入改善了黃石國家公園的生態(tài)，作者認為這一舉措對于生 態(tài)學(xué)家們決定是否將灰狼引入到其它地方起到了很有價值的實驗性作用。由此可知，作者持的是肯定的 態(tài)度。主題寫作訓(xùn)練一一安全、自然災(zāi)難01人行道安全隱患假定你是李華，在

30、上學(xué)和放學(xué)過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)在學(xué)校大門外交通比擬擁堵，學(xué)生過馬路或人行道存在比擬大 的安全隱患，請寫封信向相關(guān)人士反映此情況并提出你的意見和建議。內(nèi)容包括：1、存在情況：2、提出意見和建議。注意：1、詞數(shù)80左右；2、可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dear Sir or Madam,Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua答案Dear Sir or Madam,Sorry to bother you! Every time I go to school or go back home, I feel awfully terrible, wit

31、h so many vehicles traveling and stopping outside the school gate, which makes it challenging for other students and me to cross the road safely. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that effective measures should be taken to solve the problem, such as parking the vechicles in the right place, arra

32、nging for more traffic policemen to keep order and so on.Ed appreciate it a lot if you could take my advice into full consideration. Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua02古鎮(zhèn)遭受破壞李華的家鄉(xiāng)是一個有著悠久歷史和文化的古鎮(zhèn)，但是近年來由于游客激增以及過度開發(fā)，古鎮(zhèn)的人文環(huán)境與自然環(huán)境遭到了嚴重的破壞。目前地方政府正在征集各方建議以更好地保護古鎮(zhèn)的自然與人文。假設(shè)你是李華，請你給地方政府寫一封信，談?wù)勀?/p>

33、對保護家鄉(xiāng)古鎮(zhèn)的看法。你的信必須包括：1、簡述你對保護古鎮(zhèn)所選擇的建議。2、說明你的理由。（信中不能提到真實姓名和學(xué)校）【答案】Dear local government,Im a student and Ive been proud of my hometown, an ancient town with a long history and culture. Ive learned that you are seeking for suggestions to better protect nature and humanity of the ancient town, so I woul

34、d like to make some suggestions.First of all, in order to reduce the impact of tourists on the environment of the ancient town, the number of the visitors should be limited. Second, we can build up a website where people can look at the pictures of the town without destroying its beauty. Finally, st

35、rict regulations on the discharge of pollutants from factories should be made to prevent the environment from being polluted.I hope my advice will be of use. Trn looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua03 一次印象深刻的生態(tài)旅游你校上周末組織了一次去自然保護區(qū)的生態(tài)旅游，基于此活動校英文報Youth正在舉辦以“AnImpressive Eco-travel”為主題的征文活動。請

36、你寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：L生態(tài)旅游中的見聞：2 .生態(tài)旅游后的感悟。注意：.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。An Impressive Eco-travelAn Impressive Eco-travelLast weekend our school went on an eco-travel to a nature reserve in the suburbs. As scheduled, we set off early by bike. The soft breeze, chirping birds and swaying branches kept u

37、s spellbound all the way. Kept in its natural state, the reserve is home to a great diversity of living creatures. Some students observed the unique plants and animals at close range while others wandered aimlessly and leisurely in nature. For fear of spoiling the beauty, we picked up all the rubbis

38、h before heading back. Actually, not only have we been rewarded with fascinating scenery, but also we have enjoyed the harmony between human beings and nature. All in all, take nothing away but your good memory; leave nothing behind but green trees, clear water and clean air.04保護全球文化遺產(chǎn)假如你是一名高中學(xué)生李華，在

39、瀏覽網(wǎng)頁時發(fā)現(xiàn)，世界上很多文化遺產(chǎn)遭受到了各種人類活動、自然災(zāi)害 等的破壞，對此你深感痛惜，決定給聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界文化遺產(chǎn)中心的負責人John寫一封關(guān)于如何保 護全球文化遺產(chǎn)的建議信一內(nèi)容包括：1.大力宣傳保護文化遺產(chǎn)；.倡導(dǎo)環(huán)保旅游，防止破壞文化遺產(chǎn)；，.籌集資金對遺產(chǎn)進行維修和維護。注意：L詞數(shù)100詞左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3,信的開頭和結(jié)尾已寫好，且不計入總詞數(shù)一Dear Mr. John,-Yours sincerely,Li Hua【答案】One possible version： *Dear Mr. John,Im sorry to see that so

40、many cultural heritages in the world are being destroyed nowadays. As a senior student, I want to offer you some suggestions about how to protect the world cultural heritages effectively. My suggestions are as follows:First of all, it is important to educate people about the importance of protecting

41、 cultural heritages by using the modern technology and network. Secondly, tourism has caused much damage to cultural heritages. Therefore, we must call on people to visit the cultural heritages in a friendly way. Finally, we should raise more money to repair and protect the culture heritages.Hope yo

42、u can take my suggestions into consideration.Yours sincerely, Li Hua必修 lUnit 4 Science and ScientistsThe Night The Earth Didnt SleepStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep c

43、racks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3 ： 00 a.m., on 28

44、 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the citys one million people were asleep as usual that night.At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city

45、, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of r

46、ock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.Everywhere survivors

47、 looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the citys factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had

48、fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock-and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shoo

49、k Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More

50、 than 10, 000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.Tangshan star

51、ted to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, ind

52、ustry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.Tsunami Hits Asia: Over 6, 500 DeadThe most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunam

53、i that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.

54、 The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1,870 people were killed.In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsun

55、ami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said.I was having breakfa

56、st with my three children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to safety,n said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman.Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organis

57、ed for the tsunami-hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.譯文地球的一個不眠之夜河北省東北部的農(nóng)村地區(qū)怪事連連：一連幾天，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出現(xiàn)了深 深的裂縫。至少有一口水井的裂縫冒出臭氣。雞甚至豬都焦慮不安，不愿進食；狗拒絕進入屋內(nèi)。老鼠跑 到田外，尋找藏身之所，魚兒也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3: 00左右，唐山城外的天空中出現(xiàn)了耀 眼亮光，接著又傳來巨大

58、的聲響。然而，那天晚上城里的百萬居民仍像往常一樣沉睡在夢鄉(xiāng)。凌晨3: 42,萬物開始搖晃，仿佛世界末日即將來臨！在城市正下方的11千米處，20世紀傷害最嚴重 之一的地震爆發(fā)了，遠在150多千米以外的北京都受到了這場地震的破壞，全國幾乎三分之一的地區(qū)均有 震感！ 一條8千米長、30米寬的巨大裂縫橫切房屋、道路和水路。堅硬的石山變成了泥沙流。在不到一分 鐘的時間里，一座大城市淪為廢墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受傷，數(shù)以千計的孩子失去了父 母。在此次地震中喪亡或身受重傷的人數(shù)超過了 40萬。幸存者目及之處無一不是廢墟，萬物盡毀。市內(nèi)大約75%的工廠和大樓、90%的住房和所有的醫(yī)院都倒 塌了。

59、磚塊就像秋天的紅葉覆蓋著地面，但是卻沒有風能將其吹走。大多數(shù)橋梁不是坍塌了就是無法安全 通行了。鐵軌變成了廢金屬塊；數(shù)萬頭奶牛、數(shù)十萬頭豬和數(shù)百萬只雞也都死掉了。沙子灌滿水井，井水 消失殆盡。人們驚恐萬狀，然而臨近黃昏時分，又一次強烈的地震撼動唐山。更多的樓房倒塌了。沒有水、 食物，電也停了。人們心里開始疑惑這場災(zāi)難還會持續(xù)多久。然而，希望尚存。地震發(fā)生后不久，部隊派出了 15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中搶救出來，并 掩埋了死者。上萬名醫(yī)療工作者趕到現(xiàn)場，救死扶傷。工人為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所，數(shù)十 萬的群眾獲到了幫助，火車、卡車和飛機給城市運來了食物和飲用水。慢慢地，這座城

60、市又開始恢復(fù)了生 機。唐山重新站起來并獲得了新生。有了來自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在廢 墟中被建立起來。這座新的城市已經(jīng)成為700多萬人的家園，交通、工業(yè)和環(huán)境都得到了巨大的改善。唐 山向中國、向世界證明，在自然災(zāi)難中，人民必須勤力同心，保持樂觀的心態(tài)和重建家園的決心。海嘯襲擊亞洲：6500余人喪生昨日，40年來最為強烈的地震引發(fā)了沖擊亞洲沿海地帶的海嘯，造成印度尼西亞、印度、泰國、馬來 西亞和至少其他四個國家6500多人死亡。漁民、游客、酒店、住房和汽車都被高達9.0級的強震所引發(fā)的 巨浪卷走。海嘯巨浪由周日上午7點許發(fā)生在印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島西岸附近海域的海底地震