河南省鄭州市第四高級(jí)中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期第三次月考英語(yǔ)試題

1、2021-2022學(xué)年下期高二年級(jí)期末模擬考試 英語(yǔ)試卷說(shuō)明：本試卷分共120分；完成時(shí)間100分鐘；試卷分兩部分，每卷的 分值；客觀題涂在相應(yīng)的答題卡上、只交答題卡。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，共30分)AInstitutions and individuals can subscribe to Journal of Science (JS) either by print or online. Ordering ProceduresBoth institutions and individuals can complete their order fo

2、rm and submit payment to start their print and/or online subscription. Those who choose the print version receive access to the online service as well. They may also subscribe to online-only access to JS. Once the publisher has received payment, the institution or individual will begin receiving the

3、 print journal if they order the print option. They will receive an e-mail with instructions fbr obtaining access to the online edition. The e-mail will direct them to an online form. They will be asked to provide the following information necessary to activate their subscription to JS： Institutions

4、Contact name,title,phone,fax,ind emailCustomer number (received via email) Institutions IP Address (es)IndividualsA username and password that you can easily rememberYour name,phone numbenand email address Your customer number (received via email)With their subscription,they will receive 10 issues p

5、er year of the JS in addition to access to tables of contents,abstracts,fulI text searching,full text display,and PDFs,full access to all posted back content to 1860, for as long as the subscription is active. For institutions,access is limited to computers within a particular set of Internet IP add

6、resses. Individuals will enjoy the advantage of having password access to JS from any device connected to the Internet. Without aPurchasing Individual Issues or Articlessubscription,access to tables of contents and abstracts is available.Cost of SubscriptionsIndividual print+onli ncStudent online- o

7、nlyStudent print+onli neInstitution online-onlyInstitution print-only2022 RatesIndividual online- onlyU.S.$80o$40$5辭。$240$250Forcign$80$35$40S35$240$250+PostagePostage$35 PostageYou can purchase access to individual JS issues or articles. Browse through our current online content or our archive (goi

8、ng back to 1860) , select the article you want access to,and click Add to Cart. You will be prompted to create an account at this time if you dont already have one. Purchases can be made by visiting our online store:. ustore. edu/js. 21. What is the procedure for online-only subscription?complete an

9、 order form receive an email with instructions activate the subscription submit paymentA. B.C.D. How much does it cost a student in Beijing to subscribe to both print and online versions of JS 2022? A. $80. B. $85. C. $90. D. $125.What can we learn from the passage ?Those who subscribe to the print

10、version have no access to online service.Individual articles are not available unless you make a yearly subscription.There is no limit on Internet IP addresses for either institutions or individuals.People have access to tables of contents and abstracts even without subscription.BI grew up in Algeri

11、a and as a female, Ive had to pay an extra price throughout my scientific journey as a result. I knew studying abroad would be key to my success, so I was extremely excited when I won a scholarship to attend a British university for graduate school. But there was one condition: I needed to take an E

12、nglish test. I was fluent in Arabic and French, the languages spoken in Algeria, but I didnt have a solid grasp of English. I learned it hard but didnt score high enough lo secure entrance. I had to stay in Algeria to complete a masters degree instead. Bui I kept learning English on my own. Two year

13、s later, I earned a Ph. D. scholarship to study in Switzerland.Midway through my Ph. D., a professor remarked, uYou are quite productive, but why dont you publish in the regular journals in our field?” Shocked, I responded, uWhat do you mean by regular joumals?M He gave a few examples of all journal

14、s dominated by researchers from the Global North. I had been publishing my papers in specialized, low-impact journals. That was counted as a great achievement in my home country, where even professors struggle to get published. Now, I realized that the scientific accomplishments abroad I was proud o

15、f were regarded as below average at best. The professors comment heartened me to adjust my research to address issues of broader interest. By the time I graduated, I had started publishing in so-called “regular journals, which helped me land a postdoctoral degree in Canada.I told all this to ihe mem

16、bers of my lab, adding that they were privileged to grow up speaking English and have access to tremendous expertise and funding. Facing global inequities, Tve started to try using a preprint server to integrate an English language proofing (校對(duì))system into its platform, which would connect authors w

17、ho need language help. Wc can take steps to make the global scientific community more inclusive. And I want to be part of that push for change.Why was the author unable to go to a British university?A. She didnt learn English. B. She failed the English test.C. She lacked a masters degree. D. She got

18、 the lowest entrance score.What does the author think of the comment of the professor in Switzerland?Confusing. B. Heartless. C. Regular. D. Inspiring. 26. Whats the aim of the preprint server?A. To aid those who need help with language.To make the global community more inclusive.To set up a platfor

19、m where English authors write.To establish an English language proofing system. 27. Which words can best describe the author?A. Honest and athletic.B. Humble and considerate.C. Strong-willed and positive. D. Energetic and sympathetic.CIn autumn 2021, as leaders from across the globe gathered on Glas

20、gow to talk about the impact of human-caused climate change, a group of artists, architects and researchers in Australia came a way to document the planets end by storing data in a massive metal stone in Tasmania. Known as Earths Black Box, the project, equal parts art installation and time capsule,

21、 aims to document the physical changes caused by global warming and humanitys geopolitical response to them.The installations name is a nod to a common aviation practice. The commercial airplane and private aircraft are equipped with a “black box，a mechanism that automatically logs important flight

22、details like altitude, airspeed and equipment functionality. These boxes, which are usually bright orange rather than black, are designed to withstand extreme temperatures as well as immense amounts of force and pressure. They are sometimes the only objects that survive a plane crash intact, allowin

23、g investigators to reconstruct a timeline of what went wrong in the aftermath.Earths Black Box draws inspiration from these mechanisms. The vault （穹頂）will be made from specially designed, 3-inch-thick reinforced steel, chosen for its resistance to fire and water damage as well as its toughness and f

24、irmness. Along with the University of Tasmania and a collective of artists, an Australian communications firm plans to build the 33-loot-long vault in a remote part of western Tasmania. They chose the location for its relative geological and geopolitical stability. Unlike an airplanes flight recorde

25、r, however, Earths Black Box is not meant to withstand total planetary destruction. If Earth were to somehow expkxle, for instance, it probably wouldnt survive. Instead, the artists and data scientists behind the project think of it as a way to log the progression of Earths current ecological collap

26、se, which is already profoundly changing the environment.“At its core, the box is intended to be a symbol of the disastrous situation we find ourselves in,“ says Curtis, an expert on the project.44And more importantly, ils intended to hold our leaders to account by being an unmissable structure that

27、 reminds them that their actions or inaction will be recorded for generations to comc. 28. What is the purpose of Earths Black Box?A. To keep a record.B. To perform monitoring.C. To handle downloads. D. To make predictions.What does the underlined word “intact in paragraph 2 probably mean?Bright and

28、 colorful.B. Inactive and disconnected.C. Complete and undamaged. D. Important and multifunctional.3(). How is the steel used to build the Earths Black Boxs vault?A. Leaky, (ough and firm. B. Hot, breakable and explosive.C. Water-resistant, heat-resisting and solid. D. Damp, physically stable and ec

29、o-friendly. 31. What is the best title for the text?A. Global Leaders Arc Aiming at Global WarmingHuman-caused Climate Change Is Having a Big ImpactEarths Black Box Can Save Us from Disastrous SituationsEarths Black Box Warns of Its End Due to Climate ChangeDMicroplastics-tiny pieces of plastic wast

30、e less than five millimetres long that have been degraded by waves,wind and ultraviolet rays-have been discovered in the deepest oceanic trenches and within the stomachs of the organisms that live thcrc,but wc have little idea about where the great majority of them end up. More than eight million to

31、nnes of plastic enters our oceans every year,comprising between 80 and 85 percent of all marine trash,but with inadequate data,there are concerns (hat these figures could be underestimates.Currently,most of the data we have on microplastics are accidentally captured by research ships, which use plan

32、kton 浮游生物 nets to collect marine-microorganismsamples. However,researchers Christopher Ruf and Madeline Evans from the University of Michigan have discovered an innovative way to identify and track concentrations of microplastics in the ocean.The technique relies on NASAs Cyclone Global Navigation S

33、atellite System (CYGNSS) , a constellation 星座 of eight micro-satellites used to predict hurricanes that calculate wind speeds above the ocean by measuring the roughness of surface walers. As the satellites arc continuously rccording,Ruf and Evans realised that they collect a great deal of additional

34、 data. It was while analysing these data that they noticed some differences times where the surface of the ocean appeared to be much smoother than il should,given the prevailing wind(盛 行風(fēng))conditions.Knowing that water isnt roughened as much when it contains a lot of floating material,Ruf and Evans i

35、dentified a pattern that linked areas of unusual smoothness and predicted microplastic distributions. They found that the difference between their measurements,and how much rougher the surface would be if winds of the same speed were blowing across clear watenwas highly correlated with the presence

36、of microplastics,and the degree of the difference also correlated with the concentration of the plastics.”The research reveals that there are seasonal variations,where the concentrations of microplastics tend to be higher in the summer and lower in the winter in a very clean,periodic way,which Ruf e

37、xplains mirrors the way in which the ocean circulation changes throughout the year. It also confirms,as was previously thoughtjhat rivers are the main source of ocean microplastics.Raising awareness of the issue of ocean microplastics among the public and politicians is just one of the researchersfu

38、ture aims： they are also in conversation with Dutch non-profit The Ocean Cleanup and Finnish clcan-tcchnology specialist Clcwat,which arc interested in using the information to more efficiently target their trash-collection campaigns.So far,only one years worth of data have been processed since CYGN

39、SS was launched in 2016. By looking at a longer time period,Ruf and Evans aim to determine whether the seasonal pattern is repeatable,and whether （he concentration of microplastics in the ocean is getting worse.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?The limited knowledge about ocean microplastics.The harm

40、 of ocean microplastics to sea creatures.The methods of degrading ocean microplastics.The previous research on ocean microplastics.According to the passage,CYGNSS.has offered data about the repeatable seasonal patternguides research ships to gather data about sea animalsprovides unexpected data abou

41、t the changes of sea surfacewas designed to measure the distribution of ocean microplasticsWhat can we learn from the passage?Microplastics will end up in the stomachs of the ocean organisms.Microplastics play a vital role in the yearly ocean circulation changes.The surface of the ocean can get smoo

42、ther with more microplastics in it.The new way of tracking microplastics has helped prevent ocean pollution.What is the main purpose of the passage?To introduce the technology of CYGNSS.To present a way to study ocean microplastics.To test an assumption on ocean microplastics.To propose a new means

43、of protecting the ocean.第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩 項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Picture lhis:youve just settled into your workday and pulled up that big report you need to finish,when a friend sends you a couple of celebrity videos on WeChat. 36 And then the next thing you know,an hour has g

44、one by while that big report sits,ignored,on your desk.So how does that happen?To understand ihis,wc conducted a series of studies with 6,445 people. Through this research,we identified three factors:the amount of media the person has already viewed,the similarity of the media theyve viewed,and the

45、manner in which they viewed the media.We found the order and types of content we consume can affect our decision to keep consuming similar content.But what drives this effect? 37 When something feels more accessiblejt becomes easier to process,leading us to enjoy it more.These results also explain w

46、hy its so easy to get distracted by apps on social media at work. 38 They offer bite-sized content that makes it easy to quickly consume several videos in a row.They often automatically suggest similar content, and many of them even automatically start playing similar videos,reducing the potential f

47、br interruptions.39 To fight the pull,make an effort to just watch one video.If you really want to watch multiple in a row,choose videos that seem unrelated. You can also use a social media timer that urges you to take a break after a certain amount of time,or even just consciously remind yourself t

48、o consume different kinds of content.So,if youre struggling to climb out of a rabbit hole,try to find ways to reduce the similarity,repetitiveness,and relatedness of the content youre consuming. 40 Once you manage to break free,youll be back at that big report in no time.A.It can be difficulLbut its

49、 not impossible.B.You figure youll just take a few minutes to watch them.C. Accessibility refers to how familiar a given kind of content feels.D.These platforms are designed to trap viewers in a social media rabbit hole.E.Prior research suggests that the three factors all increase the accessibility

50、of similar media. F.The good news is,a better understanding of the problem can give us the tools to escape it. G.This will become a problem if it keeps you from doing the things you actually want to be doing.第三部分：語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D ）中，選出可以填入空白處 的

51、最佳選項(xiàng)。Golden GenerationA national team, mostly consisting of teenagers, pushed China to its biggest-ever medal achievement at the Winter Olympics. At the same time, a series of breakthroughs at the Games 41 the countrys emergence as a much more well-rounded force on the ice and snow.42 the heroics of

52、 teenage sensation Gu Ailing and seasoned aerials （空中技巧滑雪） masters Xu Mengtao and Qi Guangpu, China 43 four gold to top the freestyle skiing medal standings for the first time after its Winter Olympic debut in 1980.Gu Ailing also became the first athlete 44 , and the youngest 45 , to win three medal

53、s （golds in Big Air, halfpipe and silver in slopestyle ） in three different freeski 46 at the Olympics, throwing her to international super-star reputation as the 47 of Beijing 2022.Needless to say, another teenager star, Su Yiming, also became a 48 name by winning Chinas first snowboarding gold med

54、al in Big Air after claiming a silver in slopestyle. Sus 49 helped the host finish a highest-ever third on the Games1 overall medal standings, 5（） gold, four silver and two bronze-its biggest-ever medal achievement at the Winter Games. Chinas 51 best was a tally of 11, including five gold, at the 20

55、10 Games in Vancouver.The 52 of the new generation on the Olympic stage, even seeing the emergence of teenagers, 53 a great future for winter sports in our country, said Li Yang, manager of Chinas Big Air, slopestyle and halfpipe national programs.With winter sports becoming popular in our country a

56、mid the fast social and 54 development, I believe more and more young people will 55 skis and snowboards to enjoy the spoil, just as young as Su and Gu did when they were little, which will 56 expand the talent pool for our future national programs, Li said.The Beijing Winter Games also 57 the first

57、 time that Chinas snow sports teams outperformed the countrys traditionally strong ice sports squads in the medal numbers, securing investment in high-performance training programs and 58 the foundation for even better results at the next Winter Games in Italy.59 we keep the tendency going, I believ

58、e we will 60 a stronger performance in four years lime at the next Olympics in 2026, said Yang Yang, Chinas first Winter Olympic gold medalist, in womens short-track speed skating at the 2002 Games.41. A. specializesB. signalsC. swallowsD. subscribes42. A. Thanks toB. In addition toC. Regardless of

59、D. In terms of43. A. confirmedB. concludesC. clarifiesD. claimed44. A. in detailB. in historyC. by natureD. with pride45.A. everB. neverC. alreadyD. yet46. A. incidentsB. eventsC. affairsD. issues47.A. accessB. startC. faceD. popularity48. A. civilizationB. teenageC. householdD. education49. A. perf

60、ormance B. knowledgeC. conceptD. ambition50. A. onB. atC. ofD. with51. A. typicalB. fortunateC. relevantD. previous52. A. riseB. professionC. conventionD. explosion53. A. accountsB. representsC. estimatesD. recommends54. A. agriculturalB. historicalC. economicD. natural55. A. hold upB. break upC. ge