泰特勒和嚴(yán)復(fù)的翻譯理論比較和分析(英文)課件

1、Alexander Fraser Tytler 1747-1813Alexander Fraser TytlerNationality：Britain（Edinburgh,Scotland）Biography：Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee FRSE (15 October 1747 5 January 1813) was a Scottish advocate, judge, writer and historian who served as Professor of Universal History, and Greek and R

2、oman Antiquities, in the University of Edinburgh.Main work：(1791). Essay on the Principles of Translation.(論翻譯的原則）Essay on the Principles of Translation“Three principles of Translation”（comprehensive&systematic）It marks a new begining of western translation studies. (標(biāo)志著西方翻譯史上一個(gè)時(shí)期的結(jié)束和一個(gè)時(shí)期的開始)In 1921

3、, Mr Zheng Zhenduo published the three principles on theNovel Monthly. And this idea first be imported into China.Laws of TranslationIt will follow:. That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.即譯文應(yīng)完全復(fù)寫出原作的思想. That the style and manner of writing should b

4、e of the same character with that of the original.即譯文的風(fēng)格和筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文的性質(zhì)相同. That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition.就是譯文與原作同樣流暢CHAPTER Description of a good Translation I would therefore describe a good translation to be, That, in which the merit of the original work is so co

5、mpletely transfused into another language, as to be as distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.原作的優(yōu)點(diǎn)完全移植在譯作語言之中，使譯語使用者像原語使用者一樣，對(duì)這種優(yōu)點(diǎn)能清楚地領(lǐng)悟，并有著同樣強(qiáng)烈的感受CHAPTER the translator i

6、s called upon to exercise his judgement, and to select that meaning which is most consonant to the train of thought in the whole passage, or to the authors usual mode of thinking, and expressing himself.我記憶中最早的一件事,是提著家里唯一的熱水瓶去公共食堂打開水。 莫言（諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)講座）My earliest memory was of taking our only vacuum bottle

7、 to the public canteen for drinking water. 葛浩文（譯）星期天，豫園游人絡(luò)繹不絕。On Sundays, Yuyuan Garden is always crowded with visitors.（negative）On Sundays, Yuyuan Garden attracts a large number of visitors.（positive）CHAPTER Third general Rule: A Translation should have all the ease of original composition. 鄭振鐸：譯文

8、必須含有原文中所有的流利。（1921）譚載喜：譯作應(yīng)具備原作所具有的通順。（1991）李德鳳：譯文應(yīng)該與原作的行文一樣自如。（2007）挖開墳?zāi)购?，我們看到，棺木已?jīng)腐朽，母親的骨殖，已經(jīng)與泥土混為一體。 莫言（諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)講座）When we dug up the grave, we saw that the coffin had rotted away and that her body had merged with the damp earth around it. 葛浩文（譯）CHAPTER that in all cases where a sacrifice is necessary

9、 to be made of one of those laws to another, a due regard ought to be paid to their rank and comparative importance.預(yù)示了現(xiàn)代翻譯的“得”、“失”問題CHAPTER 譯者VS.畫家yet the painter employs precisely the same colours, and has no other care than faithfully to imitate the touch and manner of the picture that is before

10、him.The translator uses not the same colours with the original, but is required to give the picture the same force and effect.The more he studies a scrupulous imitation, the less his copy will reflect the ease and spirit of the original.he must adopt the very soul of his author, which must speak thr

11、ough his own organs.DisadventageTytlers translation thoughts mainly based on his practical experience and subjective observation. In his book Essay on the Principles of Translation” mainly provided readers with some practical means for solving translation problems, such as amplification, deletion an

12、d polish. Some people even say that the book just looks like a textbook discussing the translation arts; At the same time ,from his translation theories , we can see that he imitates other translators theory, especially Dryden. It was even considered as plagiarism by Campbell. For example, his first

13、 principle That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work , which is similar to Campbells accurately reproduce the original meaning 缺點(diǎn)泰特勒的翻譯思想主要基于他本人的翻譯實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和主觀觀察，他在論翻譯的原則一書中提供給讀者的主要是一些解決翻譯問題的實(shí)用手段“如增詞，減詞，修改潤(rùn)色等翻譯技巧”，有人甚至說它像一本探討翻譯藝術(shù)的教科書；同時(shí)從其翻譯思想我們也可以看出，他過多地借用他人

14、的理論，特別是德萊頓的，甚至被坎貝爾認(rèn)為有剽竊之嫌。如他的翻譯三原則的第一點(diǎn)“譯作應(yīng)完全復(fù)寫出原作的思想”，這和坎貝爾的“準(zhǔn)確地再現(xiàn)原作的意思”，極為相似。Laws of TranslationIt will follow:. That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.即譯文應(yīng)完全復(fù)寫出原作的思想. That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of

15、 the original.即譯文的風(fēng)格和筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文的性質(zhì)相同. That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition.就是譯文與原作同樣流暢Tytlers first two laws of translation concern the translator and the original, there are no other considerations. But when he describes a good translation as one in which the merit of t

16、he original is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which the language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work, he brings in a new factorthe reader. by Peter Newmark對(duì)后人的影響泰特勒

17、的翻譯思想影響了其后的許多翻譯家“ (如馬休阿諾德和我國(guó)的著名翻譯家嚴(yán)復(fù)先生)。這可以通過對(duì)比他們的思想明顯看出來，馬休阿諾德主張譯者必須保留原文的具有詩人的基本特征。譯詩者必須具有詩人的洞察力，譯文必須像詩“，而且與原文有同樣的感染力 我國(guó)著名的翻譯家嚴(yán)復(fù)先生提出的信達(dá)雅)翻譯三原則和泰特勒的三原則有許多相似之處2022/9/19Yan FuYan Fu (simplified Chinese: 嚴(yán)復(fù); traditional Chinese: 嚴(yán)復(fù); ; courtesy name: Ji Dao, 幾道; 8 January 1854 27 October 1921) was a Chi

18、nese scholar and translator, most famous for introducing western ideas, including Darwins natural selection, to China in the late 19th century.Yan stated in the preface to his translation of Evolution and Ethics (天演論) that there are three difficulties in translation: faithfulness, expressiveness, an

19、d elegance (譯事三難：信達(dá)雅)2022/9/19 兩大翻譯原則的對(duì)比相同之處 1.泰特勒的第一條標(biāo)準(zhǔn): That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.即譯文應(yīng)完全復(fù)寫出原作的思想泰特勒的第二條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.即譯文的風(fēng)格和筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文的性質(zhì)相同 就相當(dāng)于“信于原文意義與風(fēng)格”

20、嚴(yán)復(fù)的faithfulness ： the full and complete converying or transmission of the original content or thought (信) 既包括對(duì)原作思想內(nèi)容的信，也包括對(duì)原作風(fēng)格神韻的信一致2.兩種理論都強(qiáng)調(diào)傳達(dá)出原文的思想內(nèi)容，譯文表達(dá)要通順明白。，2022/9/19Differences The difference of motivation （ 動(dòng)機(jī)的差異） Yan Fus Criteria is purposeful,which aims to attract the elites attention.(嚴(yán)復(fù)

21、所翻譯的書多為形成西方資本主義社會(huì)思想體系的經(jīng)典著作。他知道這種思想，對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)沉緬于中古世紀(jì)迷夢(mèng)中的中國(guó)知識(shí)分子來說，等于一味苦藥。所以，他用知識(shí)分子所欣賞的古雅文體給苦藥裹上一層糖衣，使它容易下咽）Tytler just wants to make the whole translation system more systematic, covering content,form and text three aspects.2022/9/19Traditional chinese translation paid more attention to practice rather than

22、 the theory.（嚴(yán)復(fù)對(duì)“信達(dá)雅”并沒有作出明確界定，以致引發(fā)了后來無休無止的爭(zhēng)論嚴(yán)復(fù)的“信達(dá)雅”原本是用來描述翻譯困難，而并非作為翻譯準(zhǔn)則而提出來的，他所關(guān)心的是翻譯的實(shí)踐，而非翻譯的理論問題。）Western translator put practice and theory at the same level.(泰氏的三原則實(shí)際上是從內(nèi)容的忠實(shí),到風(fēng)格手法的一致再到語言表達(dá)的自然流暢,步步深入,層次井然）他們的這種差異實(shí)際上是中西學(xué)術(shù)傳統(tǒng)在價(jià)值取向上求真與實(shí)用方面的差異。The difference of value orientation (價(jià)值取向的差異)2022/9/19Traditional Chinese mode of thinking is perceptual which tends to make the theory obscure and received .（嚴(yán)復(fù)對(duì)“信達(dá)雅”并未做清晰的界定和詳細(xì)的論證，而在于他人對(duì)它做何種解釋。正所謂“一切盡在不言中”。要想理解“信達(dá)雅”，需靠我們對(duì)先輩思想融會(huì)貫通的聯(lián)想與領(lǐng)悟。）Westerner attach great importance to rational thinking which makes the theory m