案例教案讀寫3academic

1、Academic StyleStep 1: Analyze & DiscoverCompare the following two paragraphs. Identify at least three features that you think make the paragraph academic or colloquial.A lot of people think that the weather is getting worse. They say that this has been going on for quite a long time. I think that th

2、ey are quite right. Research has shown that we now get storms etc all the time.It is widely believed that the climate is deteriorating. It is claimed that this process has been continuing for nearly 100 years. This belief appears to be supported by McKinley (1997), who shows a 55% increase in the fr

3、equency of severe winter gales since 1905.A lot of people think that the weather is getting worse. They say that this has been going on for quite a long time. I think that they are quite right. Research has shown that we now get storms etc all the time.It is widely believed that the climate is deter

4、iorating. It is claimed that this process has been continuing for nearly 100 years. This belief appears to be supported by McKinley (1997), who shows a 55% increase in the frequency of severe winter gales since 1905.Compare the followingIn the following section of this essay I/we will look at the pr

5、oblems of development in the north of my country.In the following section of this essay I/we will examine the problems of development in the north of my country.In the following section of this essay the problems of development in the north of my country will be examined.(passive voice = impersonal)

6、The following section of this essay offers an examination of the problems of development in the north of my country. (use of a noun = impersonal)Theorizing:Features of academic writingFormal, objective, logical, accurate, precise Use of formal academic words (deteriorate vs get worse, claim vs say,

7、continue vs go on, etc.)Use of references & citationsUse of data/ statisticsUse of passive voice and complex sentence structuresFeatures of academic writing (continued)Formal, objective, logical, accurate, precise Use of terms (frequency, gale, etc.)Use of nominalization (belief)Use of hedges (appea

8、r, other similar words: seem, tend to, generally, probably, likely)Step 2: Some conventions/rulesAvoid contractions (its, weve, isnt, etc.)Use more formal, single verbs (e.g., maintain, survive, recruit, submit) rather than phrasal verbs (keep up, get by, take on, hand in)No colloquial words and exp

9、ressions (lots of, really, big, kids, pretty good, get) Longer and complex sentences and technical and specialist vocabulary.Some conventions/rules (continued)Impersonal voice. Limit use of personal pronouns. ”We” may be acceptable, but ”you”, addressing the reader directly, is unacceptable.We can e

10、ncourage them to come to the conclusion you want graduallyNominalization (noun phrases, e.g. an examination of ). Use formal negative formsnot any nonot much littlenot many fewThis problem doesnt have many viable solutions. This problem has few viable solutions.Limit the use of “and so on”, “and so

11、forth”, and “etc.”These semiconductors can be used in robots, CD players, etc.These semiconductors can be used in robots, CD players, and other electronic devices.Place adverbs within the verbThe Kite Runner tells the story of an Afghan immigrants childhood memoriesand the soul redemption process wh

12、en he grows up in the first person. The Kite Runner tells, in the first person, the story of an Afghan immigrants childhood memoriesand the soul redemption process when he grows up . Step 3 Practicereduce informalityTask 5, p. 68Ok, what are the reasons that coffee prices have fallen? Therere a lot

13、of possibilities.You can see the difference between these two approaches to designing underground subway stations clearly.There isnt very much research on e-reader devices and the effect they hold on learning.There are some studies that have concluded that bamboo could be used by builders more widel

14、y than it is now as a construction material.So far there hasnt been any comprehensive study looking into the role of smiling in getting the initial trust of individuals.Step 3: Practice (Task 5)1.Coffee prices have fallen for many reasons.There are a number of/considerable possible reasons for the f

15、alling of coffee prices.There are various/diverse possible explanations for Many possibilities can explain the falling of coffee price.Many factors contribute to the falling of coffee prices.Task 52. The difference between these two approaches to designing underground subway stations can clearly be

16、seen.is evident/obvious.It is obvious that there is difference betweenTask 53. There is very little research on e-reader devices and the effect they hold on learning.Little research has been done on e-reader devicesTask 54. Some studies have concluded that bamboo could be more widely used than it is

17、 now as a construction material.It is concluded that Task 55. To date, (Thus far,) no comprehensive study has examined (investigated) the role of smiling in gaining (obtaining) the initial trust of individuals.there has been no comprehensive study investigating the role of smiling inPracticeparagrap

18、h rewritingTHE BLACK ECONOMY (Task 6, p. 68) (1) In economics, what do we really mean when we talk about the economy of a country? its important to get this right. (2) When you try to measure a countrys standard of living, you often use something called the Gross Domestic Product. (3) The GDP measur

19、es how much everybody earns and all the goods and services they produce. (4) But this isnt much good what about the informal economy? (lots of people call this the black economy). (5) This includes moonlighting, DIY, voluntary work, etc. (6) If you look at different countries the balance between for

20、mal and informal economy changes. (7) So its pretty useless trying to compare economies. (8) In this essay Im really going to get to grips with this tricky problem and come up with some answers.(1) In economics, what do we really mean when we talk about the economy of a country? its important to get

21、 this right. (2) When you try to measure a countrys standard of living, you often use something called the Gross Domestic Product. (3) The GDP measures how much everybody earns and all the goods and services they produce. (4) But this isnt much good what about the informal economy? (lots of people c

22、all this the black economy). (5) This includes moonlighting, DIY, voluntary work, etc. (6) If you look at different countries the balance between formal and informal economy changes. (7) So its pretty useless trying to compare economies. (8) In this essay Im really going to get to grips with this tricky problem and come up with some answers.In economics, it is essential to correctly understand the meaning of the term “economy”. To calculate/estimate a countrys economy, the Gross Domestic Product (GD