2021-2022學(xué)年山東省青島市城陽區(qū)高一（下）期末英語試卷（附答案詳解）

1、2021-2022學(xué)年山東省青島市城陽區(qū)高一（下）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）ATravel has become increasingly inconvenient and sometimes impossible over the last couple of years.However,museums around the world are digitizing their collections,enabling people to tour the museums from afar.The British Museum,LondonThe Briti

2、sh Museum contains objects from around the world,including the Rosetta Stone,with three versions of a text that helped researchers learn to read ancient Egyptian.The Great Court*s ceiling,in the middle of the museum,is composed of 3212 pieces of glass,none of which are alike.The virtual tour of the

3、museum offers a 360-degree view of the room,allowing visitors to look at every piece.MASP, S ao PauloThe first modern museum in Brazil,the Museu de Arte de Sao Paulo includes art from the 14th to the 20th centuries.The paintings,which are placed on glass panels,appear to be floating in mid-air.This

4、setup,included in the virtual tour shows,makes the art appear almost magical. National Museum of Modem and Contemporary Art,KoreaThis Korean museum includes four branches in different cities and features works of art from Korea and around the world.The art includes a variety of media such as print,s

5、culpture and photography .There are also online exhibitions such as MArtists in Their Times which traces trends in Korean art since the late 1970s.The J.Paul Getty Museum,Los Angeles CountyThis museum,with locations in two different places,features art going back to The Neolithic Period （新石器時代）.Its

6、virtual tounaccessible through Google Arts & Culture,offers views of more recent works,including some by van Gogh and Renoir.Another platform,Xplorlt,also features views of some of the museums outdoor spaces.What can we learn about The British Museum? It is best known for the Rosetta Stone.It tells

7、the changes of ancient Egyptian.It is made up of several pieces of glass. D. It houses exhibits from different countries.Which museum may suit visitors interested in van Gogh*s works? A. The British Museum.MASP, Sao Paulo.National Museum of Modem and Contemporary Art.The J.Paul Getty Museum.What do

8、the listed museums have in common ? They have several branches.They display their paintings in mid-air.They can be visited in your own home.They are accessible on Google Arts & Culture.BWhat if we treat the ocean as if our lives depend on it? Or,what if we dont? World-famous marine biologist Sylvia

9、Earle poses her famous what if questions to inspire people to reflect on how they can help save the ocean.In 1998, Time magazine named Earle its first Hero for the Planet.1Earles move to Floridas west coast at age 12 is what started a lifelong passion.She says, Thats where I first fell in love with

10、the ocean.n In 1953, using newly developed equipment,the young scientist became one of the first in her field to scuba dive （水肺潛水）.Her first long-term exposure to the ocean depths came in 1970 when she led an all-female research team to study the ocean.They lived under the sea in a submersible （潛水器）

11、for two weeks.When they returned to the surface,world-wide cheer and praise were waiting,especially for Dr.Earle. Sylvia Earles career includes many firsts.In 1979 she became the first woman to walk the ocean floor 381 meters below the surface.In 1990, she became the first female chief scientist of

12、the U.S.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration （NOAA）.Through the years,Earle has spent roughly 7, 500 hours underwater.During that time,she has become increasingly alarmed by the significant changes she has observed.The famous scientist fears that the ocean is dying.Climate change,overfish

13、ing,the dumping of trash and chemicals and oil spills are just some of the many causes.In order to tackle the problem,Earle formed Mission Blue in 2009.This organization promotes the legal protection and conservation of the worlds oceans.Her plan is to develop Hope Spots/ protected areas large enoug

14、h to reverse (逆轉(zhuǎn)) damage and restore the ocean.Why does Sylvia Earle put forward what if questions? To call on people to protect the ocean.To stress our dependence on the ocean.To criticize peoples damage to the ocean.To contribute an article to Time magazine.What can we learn about Sylvia Earle? Sh

15、e moved to Florida to learn diving.She was the best in scuba diving.She did not get much attention in 1970.She became a chief scientist of NOAA in 1990.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Scientists* fears.B. Causes of the damage.C. Efforts Earle made.D. Bright future fbr the ocean.Which of

16、the following is a suitable title for the text? Dr.Sylvia EarleA Lover of DivingDr.Sylvia EarlePioneer of the DeepThe Ocean-A place in Urgent Need of Our CareScuba DivingA Fantastic Way to Learn the OceancAs a coder,Nand Vinchhi wanted to invent something that didn*t require a device.He came up with

17、 the idea for a platform to translate sign language. Fve always been super interested in a better education system for everyone,especially in my country,1 he says. MI wanted to do something through technology that would help.*In just a few months,he developed the artificial-intelligence technology n

18、eeded to translate American Sign Language (ASL) in real-time.Ifs basically a speech-to-text app for sign language.Here,hand movements are the speech.The hardest part,Nand says,was figuring how to approach the problem.At times,he says, HI didnt know what to do. When that happened,he would go to sleep

19、. HIn the morning,! tried again.Nand Vinchhi demonstrates （演示）how his translation tech works in his bedroom,where he spent long hours constructing the computer program.A camera identifies colorful,key points on arms and hands as they move. An algorithm （計算程序） matches these movements to words in Amer

20、ican Sign Language,which are then spoken aloud.For Nand, sleeping on it paid off.He decided to recognize body parts important in signing.This might be individual fingertips,for example.Using a machine-learning programme then taught a computer to identify those key points in videos he took.The comput

21、er would compile （編譯）data from many frames of the video.This created a dataset.Nand gathered lots of these datasets and then used an algorithm to look for differences between them.That allowed him to compare a sign to any of some 100 ASL words in that dataset.His system now translates signs with 90.

22、4 percent accuracy （準(zhǔn)確度），he reported at the competition.The delay from signing to translation is only about three-tenths of a second.Thatfs only a tenth of a second longer than the typical speech delay in video calls.The teen now plans to increase the accuracy and words available in the dataset.Why

23、did Nand develop the system? A. To show his talent.B. To help others.C. To win an award.D. To develop his interest.Whafs Nand Vinchhis invention? A. A device. B. A language. C. An app.D. An algorithm.What can we learn about Nands system ? It is already widely used.It is exactly in real-time.It is be

24、tter than video calls.It still needs some improvement.What contributes to Nand Vinchhis success? A. His perseverance.B. Help from family.C. Enough money.D. Rich experience.DA new research led by University of Pittsburgh psychologists shows that older adults may be able to prevent declines （衰退）in a c

25、ertain kind of memory by sticking to regular exercise. From the study,exercising about three times a week for at least four months is how much people need to obtain the benefits in episodic memory.Episodic memory,which is supported by a part 第4頁，共21頁of the brain thats known to benefit from exerciser

26、s the kind that deals with events that happened to you in the past.Ifs also one of the first to decline with age.Exercise that gets the heart pumping has shown promise in increasing brain health,and experiments in mice show that it improves memory-but studies looking at the same link in humans have

27、come out mixed.During the research,the team read 1, 279 studies carefully,eventually narrowing them down to just 36 that met specific criteria （標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）.Then they used specialized software and no small number of Excel spreadsheets to transform the data into a form where the different studies could be dir

28、ectly compared.That work paid off when they found that pooling together those 36 studies was enough to show that for older adults,exercise can indeed benefit their memory.Past analyses looking at connections between exercise and memory didn*t find one,but the team took several extra steps to give th

29、em the best chance of finding a link if one did exist.They limited their search to particular groups and age ranges as well as a specific kind of strict experimental setup.Another key was focusing specifically on episodic memory.With that much larger pool of participants,the team was able to show a

30、link between exercise and episodic memory.The team also found the greatest effects of exercise in those who hadnt yet experienced any cognitive （認(rèn)知的）decline.What can we learn about episodic memory*? It benefits from regular exercise.It has nothing to do with age.It deals with things happening now.It

31、 is connected with the whole brain.How did the team get their study result? By carrying out 1 279 studies.By making specific criteria.By doing experiments in mice.By comparing different studies.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs ? The team got the findings by chance.The participants were

32、 chosen from all ages.The study focused on all kinds of memories.People without cognitive decline benefit most from exercise.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? Benefits from Regular ExerciseAdvice on How to Exercise for the OldStudies Find Ways to Improve MemoriesExercise Hel

33、ps the Older Keep Memories二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共12.5分)A tsunami is a series of huge waves that can kill many people and destroy a whole country.A terrible tsunami disaster happened on December 26, 2004. (1) It is said that it might not be the worst and a future tsunami in the Indian Ocean could affect Si

34、ngapore,Somalia,Western Australia,and many other places.The word tsunami1 comes from Japanese words.A tsunami can be caused by natural phenomenon such as landslides,volcanic eruptions,large asteroid impacts (小行星撞擊地球), and earthquakes occurring underwater or close to a body of water. (2)A tsunami usu

35、ally cannot be seen while it travels through deep water. (3) On December 26, 2004, some people saw the sea suddenly disappeared just before the waves came and knew that something was wrong.Some people managed to run fast from it and survived,but many people,who did not see any signs or did not run f

36、ast enough,died.(4) If you are in a coastal area where the water suddenly draws back,the only chance of survival is to run for high ground or for the high floors of high-rise buildings.But because it moves too fast for people to run from it,only those who are lucky manage to survive.Since the tsunam

37、i of 2004, many people know more about tsunami. (5)A .The event forced officials to develop a better tsunami warning system.B.It could also be caused by nuclear weapons that are exploded at sea.C.It travels fast underwater,sometimes up to about 1, 000 kilometers per hour.D.The next time a tsunami st

38、rikes,hopefully more people will be able to survive.E.Tsunami is a Japanese word for a harmful ocean wave caused by an undersea earthquake.F.As a tsunami gets close to the shore,it becomes a series of waves up to 150 meters high. G.On that day,a huge tsunami swept through the Indian Ocean killing ab

39、out 300, 000 people. 16. A. AB. BC. CD. DE.EF. FG. G17.A. AEB. Bc.cD. DE.F. FG. G18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE.EF. FG. G19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE.EF. FG. G20.A. AB. BC.CD. DE.EF. FG. G三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)There are all kinds of enemies,and some never meant to be.Years ago,I brought my little girls home from Sou

40、th America and put them in(21 )They talked a very(22)language that was neither English nor Spanish,and their classmates gave them a/an23)time,especially Gina.Pat and Peggy came home(24)almost every day so I decided to cheer them up.Then I had one of my rare(25). Lets have a(26), I said.We havent got

41、 any friends but enemies,* Pat sobbed.Lets invite all your(27)and well fill them up with ice cream and cake.,Pat and Peggy hesitated and exchanged(28)looks.It turned out that the Enemy Party was a big(29), and the best time was had by the biggest enemy,Gina who rolled on the floor and screamed(30).P

42、at and Peggy never came home with(31)from school anymore.Their biggest enemy had turned into their devoted champion.One day Ginas father dropped in. Thank you for your(32).Nobody ever asked her to a party before, he said.Are people(33)because they are enemies or do they become enemies because they a

43、re left out? Love your enemies,pray for them that(34)you,and do good to them that hate you.It does(35)!21.A. comfortB. roomC. troubleD. school22.A. beautifulB. fluentC. oddD. ancient23.A. unforgettableB. hardC. wonderfulD. new24.A. laughingB. excitedC. tiredD. crying25.A. inspirationsB. wishesC. pur

44、posesD. worries26.A. tryB. talkC. startD. party27.A. teachersB. classmatesC. enemiesD. friends28.A. doubtfulB. interestedC. satisfiedD. curious29.A. experimentB. successC. honorD. event30.A. painfullyB. strangelyC. cheerfullyD. surprisingly31.A. happinessB. dangerC. homeworkD. tears32.A. encourageme

45、ntB. kindnessC. giftD. joke33.A. left outB. cut outC. brought upD. held up34.A. inviteB. hurtC. beatD. aid35.A. matchB. occurC. workD. play四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)36. Yesterday,! went to an amazing Chinese art Festival.There were different stands (1) artists could demonstrate their skills and teach th

46、e visitors!It was definitely (2) exciting experience for a foreign student like me.What (catch) my attention first was the 15th-century qinghua bowl in the breathtaking exhibition of Chinese porcelain.lt (4) (vivid) illustrated a dragon playing with a ball.Then I tried some paper cuttingjhat is,maki

47、ng images out of paper.lt was difficult,but a lot of fun!With the help from the artist,! managed (5) (make) one in the shape of a fish.Meanwhile,a woman at the next stand (6) (use) a needle and some thread to do some embroidery.lt looked so pretty!Then I went into a section decorated like a (7) (tra

48、dition) Chinese study,with two beautiful Chinese paintings of a pine tree and some bamboo hung on the walls.There was also an old man (8) (write) Chinese calligraphy,which was so free and elegant! Another man sitting next to him showed me how seal cutting works.Chinese characters are carved into sma

49、ll squares of stone and stamped onto paper with ink.He made one for me with my name (9) Chinese-pretty awesome!I also came away with a beautifully embroidered handkerchief made of soft cotton fabric and a porcelain cup and saucer (10) (paint) in wonderful shades of blue.(1)Q)五、書面表達(dá)(本大題共2小題，共40.0分).請

50、你用英語寫一篇短文，談?wù)勔粋€偉大的科學(xué)家應(yīng)具有什么品質(zhì)，并舉例說明。 注意：寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右。. Mother had just taken her temperatureand its over 38.Shed got the illness that*s going around.Its right after lunch.The older children were at school,and the baby was sleeping.Theres no reason why Mother could not go to bed.But she had a few things

51、to do first.Mix the meat loaf for dinner.Leave a note for the cleaners.Find someone to serve coffee for her at the meeting tonight.Put in the next load of washing.Carry out the garbage.At last,she sank into bed. Ah-h-h-h-!Her aching legs felt comfortable from the cool sheets.Her burning eyes closed.

52、She felt asleep fast!Then,suddenly the front door banged open as the children burst home from school. nMum!Mum! Where are you? ” Mother tried to answer but their cries drowned out her weak calls.Soon they found her一in bed.Didn*t you even get up yet? ” cried the younger girl. How am I going to get to

53、 Bilfs? ” asked the little boy.What about dinner? Weve got to eat,* said the older girl.Mother understood.She knew that the children were not used to a mother in bed. Im sick,* she said. MI can*t do anything.Fil just have to leave it all to you.She sighed. MCook the potatoes .take care of the baby .

54、set the table.*The children ignored her words and dashed off like soldiers going into battle.For a time Mother was left to the quiet of her room and the ache in her head.Then Father came home.He came into the bedroom,dropped heavily on the side of the bedand reached for her hand. Whats wrong with yo

55、u,Darling? Father asked.He looked tired.Mother started worrying about him. Ifs nothing-just this illness thats going around, she said. I can get up and do dinner and”Father shook his head. You stay right here.Dont worry about anything.The kids and I will take over., 注意：.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作

56、答。Mothers room was quietagai n.The children appeared with food in theirhands.答案和解析13.【答案】D、D、C【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)The British Museum,London部分中的The British Museum contains objects from around the world,including the Rosetta Stone,with three versions of a text that helped researchers learn to read ancien

57、t Egyptian.（大英博物館 收藏了來自世界各地的物品，包括羅塞塔石碑，其中有三種文本版本，幫助研究人員學(xué) 習(xí)閱讀古埃及語。）可知，大英博物館容納了來自不同國家的展品。故選D。（2） D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) The J.Paul Getty Museum,Los Angeles County 中的Its virtual tour,accessible through Google Arts & Culture,offers views of more recent works,i ncluding some by van Gogh and Renoir.（通過谷歌藝術(shù)與文化網(wǎng)站的虛擬之旅，

58、可以看 到更多的近期作品，包括梵高和雷諾阿的一些作品。）可知，保羅蓋蒂博物館適合對梵 高作品感興趣的游客。故選D。（4） C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)The British Museum,London部分中的The virtual tour of the museum offers a 360-degree view of the room,allowing visitors to look at every piece.（虛擬的博物館之旅提供了 360度的房間視野，讓游客可以看到每一件作 品）；MASP, S3o Paulo部分中的This setup,included in the virtual

59、 tour shows,makes the art appear almost magical.（這種設(shè)置, 包括在虛擬巡回展覽中，使藝術(shù)看起來幾乎是神奇的）；National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art,Korea 部分中的There are also online exhibitions such as nArtists in Their Times*1 which traces trends in Kore an art since the late 970s.（在網(wǎng)上也有追溯70年代末以后韓國美術(shù)動向的“時代藝術(shù)家“ 等展覽。）以及 Th

60、e J.Paul Getty Museum,Los Angeles County 中的Its virtual tour,accessible through Google Arts & Culture,offers views of more recent works,i ncluding some by van Gogh and Renoir.（通過谷歌藝術(shù)與文化網(wǎng)站的虛擬之旅，可以看 到更多的近期作品，包括梵高和雷諾阿的一些作品。）可知，列出的博物館的共同之處 是可以在你自己家里參觀它們。故選C。本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個博物館以及各自的特色。1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直