現(xiàn)在完成時講解和練習(有答案)

1、 just剛剛句中just剛剛句中e.g.：Ihavejustdonemywork.before以前句尾e.g.：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.sofar到目前為止e.g.：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.howlong多久e.g.：Haveyoueverseenpandas?never從不句中e.g.：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?howmanytimes多少次現(xiàn)在完成時講解和練習現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成:havehas+過去分詞（過去分詞的構(gòu)成有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化）現(xiàn)在完成時的四個基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一

2、般疑問句Hashefinishedthework?答復(fù)Yes,hehas.No,hehasnt.否認句Hehasnotfinishedthework.特殊疑問句Whathashedone?現(xiàn)在完成時的用法:表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影想或結(jié)果例如：Thecarhasarrived.車子來了。結(jié)果：車子已在門口Someonehasbrokenthewindow有人把窗戶打破了。結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的一段時間的狀語連用，如for+時間段、since+過去的時間點、疑問詞

3、howlong等。例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在這個工廠工作已經(jīng)五年了。Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自從2002年Mr.Black一直住在中國。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你來這里多久了？在以下情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時(1)九詞語already已經(jīng)肯定句中或句尾e.g.:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.yet已經(jīng)否認句和疑問句句尾e.g.：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyoubough

4、tacomputeryet?ever曾經(jīng)句中e.g.：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.e.g.：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?(2)兩結(jié)構(gòu)fortwomonthsfor+段時間Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+過去點時間LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+過去時態(tài)句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.（3）三詞組havegoneto去了某地h

5、avegoneto去了某地e.g.：HehasgonetoBeijinghavebeento去過某地e.g.：HehasbeentoBeijing.（去了北京）表示“曾去過某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來了”（去過北京）havevhasbeenin表示“在某地呆多長時間”常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since,for,howlonge.g.:Mr.BrownhasbeeninBeijingforthreedays.布朗先生來北京已經(jīng)有三天了如果句子里面沒有時間狀語，漢語意思能夠加“已經(jīng)”，往往用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。e.g.：Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書館借的那本書

6、嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還常常用于以下句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在過去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最好的一本書。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。在現(xiàn)在完成時中，瞬間動詞不能和一段時間狀語連用e.g.：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.錯因buy這個一次性動詞不能和一段時間for3years連用,改正的方法有五種：Hehasboughtthebook.（去掉一段時間

7、for3years）Heboughtthebook3yearsago（改為一般過去時，使句子的意思不變）Its3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.改為固定句型ItissinceHehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.改為否認句Hehashadthebookfor3years.用延續(xù)性動詞have代替buy還有其他瞬間動詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種方法改正，前四種改法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下：come/arrive/getto/reachfbeheree.g：Ihav

8、ecomeherefor3years.錯come/arrive/getto/reachfbeheree.g：Ihavecomeherefor3years.錯leave/gofbeawaye.g.:Hehasleftfor3hours.錯begin/startfbeone.g.：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.錯openfbeopen/closefbeclosede.g.：Theshophasopenedfor3years.（錯）diefbedeade.g.：Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.（錯）finish/endfbeover例：Hehasfinis

9、hedtheworkfor3join例：改為b町/catchfhave改為：Ihavebeenherefor3years.改為：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.改為：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.改為：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.改為：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.days.（錯）改為：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3daysIhavejoinedthearmyfor3years.錯e.g.：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.錯Hehascaughtacoldfo

10、r3days.錯borrowfkeepe.g：Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.還有其它的歸納如下：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.改為：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.改為：Hehashadacoldfor3days.錯改為：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.leavebeawayborrowkeepbuyhavediebedeadbegin/startbeonfinishbeoverfallillbeillgetupbeupcatchacoldhav

11、eacoldputon-wearcome/become/gobeherefallasleepbeasleepgetto/arrive/reachbe（in）gettoknowknowjoinbeamemberof.（成為的一員）openbeopenclosebeclosebreakfbebrokengetupfbeupmarryfbemarriedbecomefbelosefbelost現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)與一般過去時態(tài)的區(qū)別1一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純表達過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.強

12、調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間是yesterday。haveseenthisfilm.強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。一般過去時和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：ago,lastweek/.In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday.Then那E時）,時）,thatday,oneday,once（從前）一、寫出以下常用瞬間動詞的相應(yīng)延續(xù)性動詞：havearrivedat/insw.gotto/e/gone/movedtosw.havebeeninsw./at.havecome/goneback/returnedhavecome/gon

13、eout4.havebecomeclosed/openedhavegotuphavedied；haveleftsw.f_10.havefinished/ended/completedf；havefallenasleep/gottosleepf；11.havemarriedf；二、用正確的時間表達詞匯填空Haveyoudoneyourhomework?(for,just,yet)IhavebeentoGuangdong.(for,never,yet)rHehasworkedthereheleftschool.(already,yet.Since,for)ShehasknownSam9years.

14、(already,yet.Since,for)Haveyouriddenahorse?(ever,for,yet)三、用for或since填空Myfamilyhasownedaship1920.2.Myfamilyhasownedashipmanyyears.havehadacoldlastMonday.4.Ihavehadacold5daysago.havehadacold5days.四、用所給動詞的適當形式填空I(see)thefilm“ChickenRun”.Whereandwhenyou(see)it?Lastweek.Maryalready(have)hersupper.I(notw

15、ant)toseethefilm.I(see)itwithmyparents.We(see)itlastSunday.UncleWang(mend)theTVyet?Yes,he.Whenheit?Yesterday.you(read)todaysnewspaperyet?Theyalready(do)theirhomework.Buttheydontknowwhat(do)next.you(see)thefilmlastnight?No,I(see)itforseveraltimes.She(be)illforthreedays.Myfather(buy)abookformeyesterda

16、y.Healready(pay)fiftyyuanforit.She(notread)thisbookbefore.youever(travel)onatrainbefore?WeiHua(come)yet?Yes.She(come)already.She(come)justnow.Howlongyou(learn)English?Formorethantwoyears.They(live)inChinasincethey(move)toChina.Ialready(see)thefilm.I(see)itlastweek.SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.Ho

17、wlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.They(notarrive)yet.WhenIwasinprimaryschool,mymother(drive)metoschooleveryday.He(live)heresincehe(move)toHankou.五、單項選擇1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybetheywhatshappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2、HehasbeentoShanghai，hashe？A.alreadyD.still3、HaveyoumetMr

18、Li？A.justB.agoD.amomentago4、Thefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingwritingwritten5、Ourcountryalotsofar.Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.A.haschanged；wellB.changed；goodC.haschanged；betterD.changed；better6、ZhaoLanalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was；studyingB.will；studyC.has；studiedD.are；studying7、

19、WeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.Iittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.saw9、ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.Really？Whenthere？A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10、you_yourhomeworkyet？Yes.Iitamomentago.A.Did；do；finishedB.Have；done；

20、finishedC.Have；done；havefinishedD.will；do；finish11、HisfatherthePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、Doyouknowhimwell？Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade13、Howlonghaveyouhere？Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived14、Hurryup！Theplayfortenminutes.

21、A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15、Ittenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was16、MissGreenisntintheoffice.she16、MissGreenisntintheoffice.shetothelibrary.goneB.wentgoD.hasbeen17、MyparentsShandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoA.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen

22、？18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom，？A.sotheyB.donttheyC.havetheyD.haventthey19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina？A.Howsoon，comesB.Howoften，gotC.Howlong，cameD.Howfar，arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity六、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He

23、neverbeenlate,?改成反意疑問句2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.對劃線部分提問havetheybeenhere？3、Theoldmanlastyear.Heforayear.die動詞填空4、MissGaoleftanhourago.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換MissGao_anhourago.5、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.同義句HermotherthePartythreeyears6、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.=twoyears_theGreenfamilymov

24、edtoFrance.7、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.把兩個句子合并成一個句子七、漢譯英。1、吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父親以前到過長城。4、她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、她去過上海。6、他這些天上哪兒去了?.9.10.11.二、.5.三、.5.四.8.19.20.參考答案：havebeeninsw./at相應(yīng)的介詞havebeenbackhavebeenouthavebeenhavebeenclosed/openhavebeenuphavebeendeadhavebeenawayfromsw.haveb

25、eenasleephavebeenoverhavebeenmarriedyetneversinceforeversinceforSinceSinceForHaveseen,DidseeHashadDontwant,haveseen,sawHasmended,has.didmendHavereadHavedone,todoDidsee,haveseenHasbeenBought,haspaidHasntreadHavetravelledHascome,hascome,cameHaslived,movedHavelived,movedhaveseen,sawhavemadeHavestayedHa

26、ventarrivedDroveHavelearned五、單項選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚攸c在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是B.2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already已經(jīng)，just剛剛，正好ever曾經(jīng)never從來，也不；從不before以前yet仍然等連用。故2應(yīng)選B.TOC o 1-5 h z3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently近來，sofar到目前為止，inthepast/“l(fā)ast+一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D.