2022年人教版中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)第三部分題型專題突破 專題四 閱讀理解

1、專題四閱讀理解題I型I概隧I近三年考點(diǎn)分布年份語篇體裁話題分值2021A應(yīng)用文通過介紹電影角色學(xué)習(xí)描述人物特征的單詞6B記敘文介紹天才少年Mike8C記敘文講述作者救助一只喜鵲并將其送回它父母身邊的經(jīng)歷8D說明文介紹目前全球食物浪費(fèi)的問題6E說明文介紹“蝙蝠俠效應(yīng)”以及如何利用這一效應(yīng)6F記敘文通過介紹智者和兒子的故事，告訴我們既要追求 目標(biāo)，同時也要享受過程62020A應(yīng)用文介紹四個人對于如何使用1美元的想法6B記敘文講述Darrius的勵志故事8C記敘文講述作者如何養(yǎng)成寫日記的習(xí)慣以及寫日記帶來的好處6D記敘文講述老漁民肖呂應(yīng)組建志愿隊(duì)清理長江垃圾的故事6E說明文介紹拉戈梅拉島居民的一種獨(dú)

2、特的交流方式吹口哨8F記敘文講述杉樹是如何明白自己存在的意義的62019A應(yīng)用文介紹四個預(yù)計會很受中國游客青睞的太平洋島國及它們各自的特色8B說明文介紹一種新的鍛煉方式水中運(yùn)動及它的好處8C記敘文講述Maggie Doyne的慈善事跡8D說明文介紹世界水資源短缺問題及可行的解決方法10E說明文介紹小孩子是如何學(xué)會走路的以及其中蘊(yùn)含的哲理6題型特點(diǎn)閱讀理解著重考查考生對各種題材和體裁的書面材料的理解能力以及從各種材料中獲取信息并加 以判斷、歸納和綜合的能力。此題型要求考生能夠讀懂日常生活中常見的文字材料，如海報、廣告等, 以及書刊中的短文材料。分析上表可知，安徽中考近三年的閱讀理解體裁以記敘文和

3、說明文為主，配以少量應(yīng)用文。閱讀材料 的話題比較多樣，涉及科普知識、哲理故事、文化風(fēng)俗、人物故事等。就近兩年來看，話題的多樣性有加 強(qiáng)的趨勢。從2020年開始，閱讀理解增加了一篇語篇材料,體現(xiàn)了中考對考生閱讀能力要求的加強(qiáng)。總的來說，閱讀材料均貼近考生生活，有較強(qiáng)的時代性、文化性、思想性和教育性。題型設(shè)置以細(xì)節(jié) 理解題為主,推理判斷題、詞義猜測題、主旨大意題、標(biāo)題歸納題等為輔。閱讀理解最后一篇為任務(wù)型閱讀題，設(shè)有3個小題，要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。此類閱讀理解 除了考查考生準(zhǔn)確獲取語言信息的能力外，更多的是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用語言知識的能力。做任務(wù)型閱讀 理解題時要注意以下幾點(diǎn):根據(jù)不同問題采

4、用不同的回答方式;句子開頭首字母應(yīng)大寫;句末使用正確的 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號;確定句子的主謂成分和時態(tài);確保每題答案的詞數(shù)與題目的要求相符等。解|題|技|巧|選擇型閱讀理解命題點(diǎn)1細(xì)節(jié)理解題.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)。這類題在閱讀理解中所占比例較大。它常常針對文章中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問，即針對 what,when,where,why,how,who,which等進(jìn)行提問,R的在于考查考生對支撐文章中心思想的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié) 的理解能力。.解題策略。所謂“事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，是指在閱讀理解的短文中客觀存在的事實(shí)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的答案一般都可以在原文中找 到。一般來說，應(yīng)在短文中找出相關(guān)信息的位置，確定試題考查的考點(diǎn),需要特別注意日期、數(shù)字、時

5、間、 人名、地名等關(guān)鍵信息。當(dāng)然,有的試題還需對原文所提供的事實(shí)進(jìn)行一定的分析比較，才能做出正確的 選擇。(1)通過關(guān)鍵詞直接獲得答案。先閱讀所給的問題，判斷其是否適合采用直接搜尋的解題方法。如果所提問題是文章中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容 (即直接性答案),就可直接搜尋答案。典例1分析:根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息“a natural ability to do something well”,可迅速定位至Talented部 分中的Meaning:If youre talented,you have a natural ability to do something well.。故選 D 項(xiàng)。(2)通過轉(zhuǎn)化相關(guān)信息獲

6、得答案。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞在文中找到相關(guān)信息，再根據(jù)題干設(shè)問轉(zhuǎn)換信息，得出答案。典例2分析:根據(jù)題干中的“farther”可知,此題的相關(guān)信息在所給段;再通過對比轉(zhuǎn)化該段第一、二句 內(nèi)容可以得出，無風(fēng)的天氣有助于口哨聲傳播得更遠(yuǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。典例1 (2021 .安徽閱讀A篇節(jié)選)TalentedMeaning:If youre talented,you have a natural ability to do something well.56.Which word is used to describe a person with a natural ability to do something

7、well?( )A.Naive. B.Loyal.C.Demanding.D.Talented.典例2 (2020.安徽閱讀E篇節(jié)選)A good whistler can be heard and understood five miles away.His whistling can be heard even farther away when it is windless.71.What helps a whistle travel farther?( )A.A windless day.B.A long distance.C.A useful message.D.A clear pr

8、onunciation.命題點(diǎn)2推理判斷題.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)。推理判斷題主要考查考生對文章言外之意的理解。這種題目有一定的難度,往往不能直接從文中找到答 案，而必須要根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ恼掠懈顚拥睦斫夂?，才能找到答案。有時甚至還 需聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等文外之意加以推理，獲取作者在文章中沒有直接表述出來的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。 這種類型的題目主要有三種形式:語義推理題、結(jié)論推理題和出處推理題。語義推理題要求考生根據(jù)文 章、段落或句子的表層信息推斷出深層含義，如推斷文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;結(jié)論推 理題和出處推理題要求考生根據(jù)文章中所列舉的事實(shí)推斷出符合邏輯的結(jié)論或文章的出處。.

9、設(shè)問方式。(l)It can be inferred/seen from the passage that.(2)In which part of the magazine/newspaper can we read the passage?(3)The writer suggests that.(4)The writer uses the example of.to show that.(5)Whats the writers opinion on.?(6)What,s the purpose of the passage?(7)From/According to the passage,w

10、e know/learn.(8)The writer probably agrees that.解題策略。閱讀理解不僅要求考生能讀懂短文中的每個句子，而且要求考生能理解句子之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。有的試題 要求考生根據(jù)常識對所讀的短文進(jìn)行一定程度的推斷;有的試題還要求考生了解其內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，從 而對所讀的內(nèi)容有更深層的理解。一般來說,這類問題都不可能直接從原文中找到答案，考生必須根據(jù)原 文提供的有關(guān)信息，進(jìn)行合理的推斷才能得出答案。做這類題具體可以從這幾個方面著手:要以文章提供 的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，忠實(shí)于原文，由已知推及未知，遵循“詞不離句，句不離段，段不離篇的原則;考生在 吃透文章字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上

11、，再從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索;了解文章的體裁、題材和基調(diào)，揣摩作 者的態(tài)度,摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展的方向，悟出作者的言外之意;要把握句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語篇 的結(jié)構(gòu)等。此類題的具體解題方法如下：(1)通過特定細(xì)節(jié)推斷?？忌鶕?jù)問題所涉及的范圍和對象中的細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)來推斷答案。細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)一般包括事實(shí)根據(jù)、名字 (人物或地點(diǎn))、數(shù)字(日期或統(tǒng)計數(shù)字)、關(guān)鍵詞語的其他表達(dá)方式(同義詞、近義詞、反義詞)等。典例1分析:根據(jù)題干中的“Mikes parents”可迅速定位至文章第三段。根據(jù)第三段中的關(guān)鍵信息 Mike does well in all subjectssatisfiedmean mu

12、ch more”可知,Mike 的父母為他感到驕傲。故選 A 項(xiàng)。(2)通過文章大意推斷。考生可根據(jù)題干要求，整體把握文章內(nèi)容，從而推斷出答案。典例2分析:根據(jù)題干可知，本題需要通讀全文，掌握文章大意。文章講述了 Darrius雖天生手指殘疾, 但他10歲時開始挑戰(zhàn)彈鋼琴，并最終獲得了成功的勵志故事。由此可推斷，他有著堅強(qiáng)的意志力。故選 A項(xiàng)。（3）通過文章體裁和內(nèi)容判斷文章出處。考生可根據(jù)文章的用詞、格式、內(nèi)容等推斷文章的出處。網(wǎng)頁、報紙、書籍等的文章格式和用詞 都有不同的風(fēng)格,而具體到不同的板塊，如文化、健康、科技等，文章的行文方式和內(nèi)容也會有所不同。鑒 于此，考生可根據(jù)文章體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)

13、及話題等，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)來綜合判斷。典例3分析：文章以網(wǎng)頁界面截圖的方式呈現(xiàn)，再根據(jù)文章最后一句Follow us on https:iustforfun.conVartoflivin& for mor已可以推斷，文章可能來自一個網(wǎng)站。故選C項(xiàng)。（4）通過文章上下文之間的聯(lián)系推斷續(xù)寫內(nèi)容。文章內(nèi)容通常具有一定的邏輯性和連貫性，考生可根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、上下文之間的聯(lián)系或特定的語句 來推斷文章續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容。典例4分析:文章主要介紹了拉戈梅拉島這個地方的吹口哨文化。最后一段開頭提到吹口哨在這個 地方很流行,并且有很多種方法。由此可推斷，作者在最后一段會介紹吹口哨的不同方法。故選C項(xiàng)。（5）通過文章措辭與風(fēng)格推

14、斷作者的語氣 態(tài)度和意圖。作者的語氣和態(tài)度通常體現(xiàn)在文章所使用的措辭和句式上。考生要特別注意感情色彩比較濃重的 形容詞和副詞，特別留心文中句子的長度和結(jié)構(gòu)。從措辭上我們可以推斷出作者對所討論話題的態(tài)度（肯 定或否定、贊成或反對、褒揚(yáng)或諷刺、喜愛或厭惡等）;從句式的長短和結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷出作者討論問題的 語氣（鄭重其事還是輕松活潑、實(shí)事求是還是夸大其詞、真摯熱誠還是冷嘲熱諷等）;從文體和寫作手法 可以判斷出作者的寫作意圖（科普還是敘事、推薦還是勸阻等）。典例5分析:文章前三段通過大量事實(shí)性數(shù)據(jù)向讀者展示了食物浪費(fèi)的嚴(yán)峻現(xiàn)狀，再根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi) 容可知，本文是想通過介紹食物浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)狀來呼吁人們行動起來，

15、停止浪費(fèi)食物。故選B項(xiàng)。典例1 （2021 安徽閱讀B篇節(jié)選）“Mike does well in all subjects,“ his mother said.When he has difficulties,he will try to find a way out.” His father was satisfied with Mikes non-academic（非學(xué)業(yè)的）achievements.They mean much more, his father said.A.They are proud of their son Mike.B.They help Mike with a

16、ll subjects.C.They care more about Mikes grades.D.They work in the same company.典例2 （2020安徽閱讀B篇節(jié)選）Darrius was born with three fingers on his right hand and one on his left hand.He had to work hard to do things that were easy for others.Yiruma encouraged Darrius to follow his dream of playing his own

17、 music.Darrius has made it. And his music is popular today.62.What can we learn about Darrius from the text?（ ）A.He has a strong will.B.He bought himself a piano.C.He gave up his dream.D.He only plays others music.典例3 （2020安徽閱讀A篇節(jié)選）Follow us oncom/artofliving for more.58.Where does the text probably

18、 come from?（ ）A.A film magazine.B.A science report.C.A website.D.A travel guide.典例4 （2020安徽閱讀E篇節(jié)選）The local people of La Gomera can carry on conversations by whistling（吹 口哨）from far away.For face- to-face conversations,they speak Spanish.But when they need to speak over a distance（距離）,they whistle.W

19、histling is popular at La Gomera,and many methods of whistling are used.72.What will the writer talk about in the last paragraph?（ ） A.Disadvantages of whistling.B.Stories of a top whistler.C.Different methods of whistling.Examples of good whistlers.典例5 (2021安徽閱讀D篇節(jié)選)Then what can we do to stop food

20、 waste?Small actions make a difference.Each of us can play a part.Next time,before you throw,think twice!69.What is the purpose of the text?( )A.To collect money.B.To call for action.C.To get some advice.D.To express thanks.命題點(diǎn)3詞義猜測/句意理解題.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)。這類題型旨在考查考生利用上下文對詞、詞組以及句子的辨別和理解能力。詞義猜測/句意理解題主要 有三種類型：(1)熟

21、詞生義，要求考生在某一特定的語言環(huán)境中推斷某一多義詞在文中的意思;(2)生詞釋義, 要求考生根據(jù)范圍較小的上下文推斷出生詞的詞義;(3)難句釋義，要求考生根據(jù)較大范圍的上下文推斷 句思。.設(shè)問方式。(1)詞義猜測題。 Whats the meaning of the underlined word/words/ph rase .in Chinese?The underlined word.refers to/probably means.Which of the following words can take the place of the word.?(2)句意理解題。What does

22、 the writer mean by the underlined sentence.?The underlined bably means.(3)What does the sentence.mean?.解題策略。通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞義。通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞義時，首先應(yīng)找出生詞所在部分與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系,然后才能猜測詞義。 考生也可借助文章中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞(because,as,since,for,so,as a result等)來判斷因果關(guān)系。典例1分析:根據(jù)畫線詞所在句及上一句可知，看完電影后John對動物有了更多的了解，所以他想把 這部電影推薦給那些動物愛好者。由此可推斷,recomm

23、end意為“推薦”。故選D項(xiàng)。(2)通過同義和近義關(guān)系猜測詞義。在文章中，有時為了避免重復(fù)，或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)同一事物的不同種類，作者會使用同義詞或近義詞。在這種 情況下，我們就可以利用同義詞、近義詞的關(guān)系，由熟悉的詞語猜測不熟悉的詞語的含義。例如，連詞and 或or連接的并列的詞語作相同成分(如happy and joy)時，這兩個并列詞語在含義上可能是相同或者遞進(jìn) 的，由此就可以推測對等關(guān)系中的某個生詞(如joy)的含義。典例 2 分析:根據(jù)第二段中的Several days later,his wings were fine and nothing else was broken.“可知, 幾天

24、后，喜鵲的翅膀已經(jīng)痊愈了。由此可推測,“recovered與flnenothing else was broken”意思相近，意為 “康復(fù)”。故選A項(xiàng)。(3)通過反義詞和反義關(guān)系猜測詞義。有時為了說明相反的兩件事或兩個人，作者使用了 一些反義詞或表示反義關(guān)系的詞語來進(jìn)行對比。 在這種情況下，我們可以利用已知詞語來推測未知詞語的詞義。通過反義詞和反義關(guān)系猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn) 折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語。典例3分析:根據(jù)上下文可知，其他動物們是因?yàn)門urkey過于驕傲才決定給他一個教訓(xùn)，讓他變得謙 遜。humble為proud的

25、反義詞，意為“謙遜的故選D項(xiàng)。(4)通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義。有時有些生詞很難根據(jù)上下文來推測其詞義，此時，可通過一些常見的詞根、前綴、后綴等構(gòu)詞法知 識來推測詞義。典例4分析:understanding意為“理解”,而根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法可知，前綴mis-表示錯誤;壞”等意思，由此可推 知,misunderstandings 意為誤解故選 D 項(xiàng)。(5)通過定義或釋義關(guān)系猜測詞義。為了更好地表達(dá)思想，作者會對文章中一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語或詞匯等進(jìn)行解釋。這些解釋 提供的信息具有明確的針對性，利用它們可以較為容易地猜測出詞義。這些定義或解釋形式多樣，常由 is,that is (to say),in ot

26、her words,call,be called,mean,be considered to be,refer to,be known as 等詞匯或破折號 來表示。如果生詞是句子或段落中所解釋的定義,那么理解句子或段落本身就是推測詞義。典例5分析:根據(jù)畫線詞后一句內(nèi)容可知，后一句是在對mass進(jìn)行解釋，即指物體中所含物質(zhì)的數(shù)量。由該解釋可推知,mass意為“質(zhì)量故選B項(xiàng)。(6)通過所舉例子來猜測詞義。有時,作者常使用舉例的方法來幫助讀者更好地理解他/她想要解釋的內(nèi)容或傳達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。考生也可 以利用這些例子來猜測詞義。常用的表示列舉的提示詞有for example,such as,like,as

27、.as,e.g.等。典例 6 分析:根據(jù)畫線詞之后所舉的例子“the bird-shaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite”可知，長翅鳥形風(fēng)箏是一種特殊的北京風(fēng)箏，故此處指這三款最著名的風(fēng)箏都各有自己的典 型特征。由此可推知,feature意為“特征故選A項(xiàng)。(7)根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義或理解句意。單詞和句子在文章中都不是絕對孤立的,都與其所在的段落和篇章有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系?？忌梢?根據(jù)上下文的提示猜測出詞義或推斷出句意。典例 7 分析:根據(jù)本段中的The rest,98% of the water,is i

28、n seas and oceans.lt is too salty to drink.“可知, 其余98%的水都在海洋中，太咸了不能喝;再根據(jù)下文對工廠的描述“They process more than 92 million tons of water every day.”可知，工廠每天加工超過9200萬噸水。由于海水太咸不能喝，所以工廠要對水進(jìn) 行加工，使其淡化。由此可推測,desalination意為“海水淡化故選D項(xiàng)。典例1 (2020貴州黔東南閱讀A篇節(jié)選).After watching the movie,I learned more about animals.I would

29、recommend this movie to those animal lovers.John57.What does the underlined word “recommend mean?( )A.租賃B.郵寄C.出售D.推薦典例2 (2021 .安徽閱讀C篇節(jié)選)With my care,the young magpie was doing well,but he was not happy to find himself in a cage(籠 子).Several days later,his wings were fine and nothing else was broken.

30、He recovered.64.What does the underlined word recovered mean?( )A.康復(fù)B.求救C.挨餓D.唱歌典例3 (2021四川廣安閱讀C篇節(jié)選)The other animals thought Turkey was too proud.They decided to give him a lesson.And then,no one saw Turkey for several days.Everyone began to feel bad about what they did.They looked for Turkey every

31、where.They just wanted to teach him to be humble.49.What does the underlined word humble mean in Chinese?（ ）A.善良的 B.溫和的 C.隨意的D.謙遜的典例4 （2021 遼寧撫順閱讀Passage 4節(jié)選）“My experience shows that although travel is much easier and faster today,the distance between cultures hasnt shortened,Cao said.She hopes to

32、build bridges and break down misunderstandings between different cultures.48.The underlined word “misunderstandings“ means ”.（）A.融合B.交流C.差異D.誤解典例5 （2020安徽中考抓分卷三閱讀E篇節(jié)選）Black holes can be big or small.Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom（原 子）.These black holes are sm

33、all but have the mass of a large mountain.Mass is the amount（數(shù)量）of matter in an object.The mass of a big black hole can be over one million suns together.7O.The underlined word mass means in Chinese.（ ）A.厚度B.質(zhì)量C.體積D.面積典例6 （2018安徽閱讀A篇節(jié)選）Kites have quite a long history.The earliest kites were made of

34、wood,instead of paper.The three most famous kites are the Beijing kite,Tianjin kite and Weifang kite.Each has its own feature.For example,the birdshaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite.73.What does the underlined word “feature” mean in the text?( )A.特征B.地貌C.五官D.影片典例7 (2019

35、安徽閱讀D篇節(jié)選)While 75% of our planet is covered with water,only about 2% is fresh waterthat comes from rivers,lakes,ice and snow.The rest,98% of the water,is in seas and oceans.lt is too salty to drink.Then desalination businesses come in.More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world,mostl

36、y in coastal countries.They process(力口工)more than 92 million tons of water every day.But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.85.What does the underlined word “desalination“ in Paragraph 3 mean?( )A.遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸B.潮汐發(fā)電C.食鹽銷售D.海水淡化 典例8 (2018.安徽閱讀C篇節(jié)選)Every year,there are competitions for the large

37、st vegetables,but dont expect to win:Britains biggest carrot is almost six meters long.82.What does the writer mean by the underlined sentence?( ) A.It is easy to grow big vegetables.B.It is hard to win the competition.C.The carrot is much easier to grow.D.The carrot is his favorite vegetable.典例 8 分

38、析:畫線句是對“Every year,there are competitions for the largest vegetables,but dont expect to win”的舉例證明。由此可推知，此句的言外之意是指在該比賽中獲勝不容易。故選B項(xiàng)。(8)根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義。有時,我們可以利用自己的生活常識來猜測生詞的含義。典例9分析:根據(jù)上文及生活常識可知，他們收集的一些垃圾被送到了處理站,而一些可以被再利用 的垃圾則被出售。由此可推斷,disposal意為“處理故選A項(xiàng)。典例9 (2020安徽閱讀D篇節(jié)選)Every week,the team go along the rive

39、r to collect waste and make sure no one is fishing on the river.Some of the waste they collect is sent to the disposal station,while some that can be reused is sold.So far,they have cleaned over 50 tons of waste.Thanks to their hard work,the Yangtze River is getting clearer.67.What does the underlin

40、ed word disposal” in Paragraph 3 mean?( )A.處理B.傳播C.救護(hù)D.保養(yǎng)命題點(diǎn)4段落/主旨大意題.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)。此類題要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對文章或段落進(jìn)行歸納、概括或評價,對考生的理解和概括 能力要求較高。做這種題時，不能只憑文中的只言片語就斷章取義，如涉及主題(main idea)、結(jié)論 (conclusion),結(jié)局(end)等有關(guān)問題，都需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識、背景知識、生活常 識等進(jìn)行邏輯推理和判斷，從而挖掘出文章中隱含的信息。.設(shè)問方式。Whats the main idea of this passage?(2)W

41、hat is the passage mainly about?(3)What does the passage mainly discuss/talk about?(4)The writer means to tell us that.(5)The main idea of the passage is that.(6)The passage is mainly about.(7)What is Paragraph.mainly about?(8)What,s the first/second/third.paragraph mainly about?.解題策略。(1)留心關(guān)鍵詞，抓住文章主

42、旨;串聯(lián)主要細(xì)節(jié)，推斷文章中心思想。所謂關(guān)鍵詞，即文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的、與主題有關(guān)的實(shí)詞，如名詞、動詞等。冠詞或介詞等虛詞均不在 關(guān)鍵詞之列。需要注意的是，為了避免同一詞的過多重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，文章有時會使用這個詞的同義詞、近義詞, 或用代詞指代。我們知道，并不是所有文章都包含明確的主題句。大多數(shù)記敘文的中心思想多隱藏在具 體的細(xì)節(jié)中，作者通過眾多的細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)對中心思想進(jìn)行論述。因此，我們必須善于串聯(lián)主要細(xì)節(jié)，從中歸納 文章的中心思想。典例1分析:根據(jù)文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞olive oil及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了橄欖油的有關(guān)信息。故選D項(xiàng)。（2）注意主題句/段，歸納段落/主旨大意。抓住段落大意或主旨

43、大意的捷徑之一是抓住主題句/段。主題句是能夠概括或表達(dá)段落或文章主題 的句子。段落主題句通常出現(xiàn)在段首或段尾，偶爾出現(xiàn)在段中。文章主題句也常出現(xiàn)在文章開頭或結(jié)尾, 有些文章會出現(xiàn)主題段。考生可以在找出主題句/段的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合全段或全文內(nèi)容,歸納出段落大意或主 旨大意。典例2分析:文章第二段（節(jié)選段）第一句Keeping a diary helps a lot.”是本段的主題句,所以本段主要 介紹了寫日記的好處。故選D項(xiàng)。典例3分析:文章第一段（節(jié)選段）為文章的主題段，再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要介紹耳朵是如何工 作的。故選A項(xiàng)。典例1 （2016安徽閱讀C篇節(jié)選）Olive oil has a

44、lso been an important product in the business and culture of Mediterranean countries.Sometimes winners were also given a prize of olive oil.People from Greece built ships so that they could use olive oil for trade.But it was the Romans who grew the olive tree in the rest of southern Europe and north

45、ern Africa.Today,olive oil is still a very valuable product,and many different kinds of olive oil are sold in countries all over the world.82.The passage is mainly about .（）A.the method of cookingB.the trade of GreeceC.the history of the Olympic GamesD.the story of olive oil典例2 （2020安徽閱讀C篇節(jié)選）Keeping

46、 a diary helps a lot.Studies have shown that people who keep a diary sleep and feel better.lt helps people remember what once happened such as dreams,friendships and happiness.Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on.Personally,I learn better about myself and my rela

47、tionships with others by keeping a diary.65.What is the second paragraph(段落)mainly about?( )A.Reasons for fighting with Dad.B.Rules of comparing with others.C.Ways of having clear skin.0.Advantages of keeping a diary.典例3 (2021廣西貴港閱讀A篇節(jié)選)Humans have many organs(器官),but you can enjoy lots of things be

48、cause of your ears.Do you know how the ears work?6O.What,s the main idea of the passage?( )A.How ears work.B.What ears can hear.C.How we protect ears.D.Where ears send messages to.命題點(diǎn)5標(biāo)題歸納題.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)。此類題考查考生對文章主題或中心思想的理解和歸納能力。.設(shè)問方式。Whats the best title for the passage?(2)What would be the best title for

49、the passage?(3)The best title for the passage is.(4)Which of the following can/might be the best title (for the passage/text)?.解題策略。(1)通過關(guān)鍵詞歸納標(biāo)題。考生在閱讀文章時要注意反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)的信息，找出關(guān)鍵詞，并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)歸納出文章標(biāo)題。典例1分析:根據(jù)文章中出現(xiàn)的多個近義關(guān)鍵詞smart city”“making cities smarter”等并結(jié)合全文內(nèi) 容可知，本文主要介紹了未來的智能化城市。故選B項(xiàng)。(2)通過各段落或文章主題句歸納標(biāo)題。文章主題句/段

50、一般可以歸納文章主要內(nèi)容，所以根據(jù)文章主題句來歸納文章大意是常用的方法。有 時文章中并沒有出現(xiàn)明確的主題句，此時，需要先歸納出各段的主題，進(jìn)而掌握文章的主旨,從而歸納出文 章的標(biāo)題。典例2分析:文章第一段（節(jié)選段）為文章主題段，再結(jié)合后文內(nèi)容可知,本文圍繞“蝙蝠俠效應(yīng)”來介紹 該如何面對困難，讓自己做到最好，所以最符合本文的標(biāo)題是“我能做到!我是蝙蝠俠!”故選C項(xiàng)。典例1 （2018安徽閱讀D篇節(jié)選）Would you like to live in a city where buildings turn the lights off for you,and self-driving cars

51、 will find the nearest parking space themselves?Although it might sound a little far from you,living in a “smart“ city like this could happen sooner than you think.“Making cities smarter is one way out,and I think this will in turn make cities greener,said Dan Hill,head of a research company.87.Whic

52、h of the following might be the best title for the text?（ ）A.Future EducationB.Smart CitiesC.Govemment ServicesD.Famous Companies典例2 （2021 .安徽閱讀E篇節(jié)選）Do you ever give up easily in difficult situations?If so,imagine yourself as someone with great abilities,like Batman（蝙蝠俠）.h will help you feel strong.

53、You will not give up easily and will probably do better.This is called the Batman Effect（效應(yīng)）.72.What is the best title（標(biāo)題）for the text?（）A.Go and do research!B.Come and complete tasks!C.I can do it!Tm Batman!D.You can help! Youre a helper!命題點(diǎn)6代詞指代題.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)。此類題主要考查考生對上下文的理解?？忌鶕?jù)對文章的理解來明確代詞所指代的內(nèi)容。.設(shè)問方式。（

54、1 ）What does the underlined word.refer to?（2）The underlined word.in Paragraph 2 refers to.解題策略?？忌诮獯鸫祟愵}時，首先要找到代詞所在的句子，然后根據(jù)上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容確定代詞所指代的內(nèi) 容。典例分析:根據(jù)“Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on.“可知，寫下 不好的感受也可以幫助大腦克服它們，繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。由此可推斷,them指的是“不好的感受故選B項(xiàng)。 典例（2020安徽閱讀C篇節(jié)選）Keepi

55、ng a diary helps a lot.Studies have shown that people who keep a diary sleep and feel better.lt helps people remember what once happened such as dreams,friendships and happiness.Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on.What does the underlined word 4tthem refer to（指的

56、是）？（）A.Studies.B.Bad feelings.C.Friendships. D.Brains.命題點(diǎn)7數(shù)字計算題.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)。此類題主要考查考生對文章中的數(shù)字的理解、分析和處理?？忌枥砬逦恼旅}絡(luò)，得出答案。.解題策略?？忌鷳?yīng)先審清題目，然后在文中找到相關(guān)信息，最后通過分析和計算得出答案。典例分析:根據(jù)文章第二段（節(jié)選段）第二句“In 2（） 19,Xiao Liuying formed the voluntary team with 12 other fishermen.“可知,志愿隊(duì)剛組建時有肖呂應(yīng)和其他12名成員，共計13名成員。故選B項(xiàng)。典例（2020安徽閱讀D篇節(jié)選）To

57、 protect finless porpoises（江豚）and the Yangtze River,the government has stopped people from fishing on the river.In 2019,Xiao Liuying formed the voluntary team with 12 other fishermen.Today the team has more than 50 members.All of them are over 60 years old/fcWe want to protect the river while we can

58、,“ saidXiao.66.How many members were there in the team when it was fbrmed?（ ）A. 12.B.13.C.50.D.62.任務(wù)型閱讀理解命題點(diǎn)1細(xì)節(jié)性問題.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)。這種題型大多數(shù)是針對文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息設(shè)置的，比較簡單，只要通讀全文,了解文中所敘述的重要事實(shí) 或細(xì)節(jié)，就可以解答出來，有些題目甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案。.解題策略?？忌筛鶕?jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息在文章中找出相關(guān)信息，再通過分析，得出答案。典例分析:根據(jù)本段中的“He found everything nice!”可知,在回來的路上，兒子覺得一切都很美妙

59、。故 本題答案為:He thought/found everything was nice.典例（2021安徽閱讀F篇節(jié)選）On his way back,he noticed dancing birds and beautiful flowers.He met happy farmers in the fields.He found everything nice!.What did the son think of everything on his way back?（不超過 5 個詞）命題點(diǎn)2概括性問題.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)。這種題型主要考查考生對段落或文章的中心思想、標(biāo)題、目的等的歸納總結(jié)能力,

60、要求考生在閱讀和理 解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對文章進(jìn)行歸納、概括或評價。.解題策略?；卮疬@類題目時,不能以偏概全，需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識、文化背景、生活常識等進(jìn) 行判斷、整理和歸納，從而獲取文章中隱含的信息。有時甚至還要對作者的意圖、傾向等因素加以推理, 才能得出正確答案。典彳列分析:才艮據(jù)“Fir Tree was happy that his green leaves provided a warm home for animals in winter.He finally understood his purpose.”可知,杉樹明白了它的用途:在冬天用綠葉給動物們提供一個溫暖的