句子成分分析市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、句子成份主語 subject謂語 predicate賓語 object表語 predicative賓補 complement定語 attribute狀語 adverbial同位語 appositive第1頁1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主語謂語定語賓語同位語狀語第2頁1.主語（subject)：主語是一個句子主題，是句子所陳說主體，普通放于句首，能夠是人，也能夠是物，指動作執(zhí)行者。例:那個學(xué)生問了老師一些問題.The student asked the teacher some questions.主語例:今天天氣非常

2、好.The weather is very nice today.主語作主語有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、the +形容詞和主語從句 。第3頁2.謂語（predicate)：謂語普通是指主語動作或狀態(tài)，由動詞或動詞短語充當(dāng)，位置普通放于主語后面。例:他工作非常努力.He works very hard.謂語例:今天天氣非常好.The weather is very nice today.謂語例:他在字典里查出了這個單詞. He looked up the word in the dictionary.謂語作謂語有：及物動詞或不及物動詞短語。以及系動詞第4頁3. 賓語（object)：賓

3、語在句子中主要充當(dāng)動作承受者，普通放于及物動詞之后。例:老師把燈關(guān)了.The teacher turned off the lights.介賓例:他們將不會傷害我們.They wont hurt us.動賓例:他在上個星期放棄吸煙了. He gave up smoking last week.介賓賓語動賓介賓第5頁賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人.He gave me some books.間接賓語直接賓語Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.作賓語有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、the +形容詞和賓語從

4、句 。第6頁4. 表語：（precative)表語主要用于表述主語特征，狀態(tài)，身份等。它位于連系動詞后，組成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。連系動詞例:我是一個老師.I am a teacher.表語例:這種水果嘗起來味道很好. This kind of fruit tastes very delicious.表語1.be動詞(am, is, are, was, were)3.感官動詞(look, smell, hear, feel)+表語2.表狀態(tài)改變動詞(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)例:那個女孩變得非常擔(dān)心.The girl got worried. 表語作表語有：名詞、代

5、詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語、表地點或方位副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞和表語從句。第7頁5. 定語:(attribute)定語是用來說明名詞（代詞）品質(zhì)與特征詞，形容詞通常作定語。這是一節(jié)生動有趣課This is a lively and interesting class.有一些難題要處理There is something difficult to deal with.前置定語后置定語It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes _ to the nest-shaped stadium.花了很長時間他才熟悉通往鳥

6、巢形體育館路。leading第8頁定語He is a clever boy.They are building a stone bridge.There are 54 students in our class.Do you known Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞全部格)(動名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)(副詞)第9頁作定語

7、有：名詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、動名詞和定語從句，若是詞則多作前置定語，若是短語或定語從句則只能作后置定語。如the polluted river中polluted和 the river polluted by chemicals中polluted by chemicals.第10頁. 狀語:(adverbial)狀語是修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句句子成份；按用途分，可分為時間，地點，原因，結(jié)果，目標(biāo)，條件，讓步，程度，方式，伴隨情況等。表時間：yesterday, today, tomorrow Shall we go shopping today or tomorr

8、ow?我們是今天還是明天出去買東西?。勘淼攸c：in China, at the airport I saw a student in the classroom.我在教室里看見一個學(xué)生第11頁表原因: because, as, for, since他因為生病所以今天沒有去上學(xué) Because he was ill, he didnt go to school today.表結(jié)果：to+do, v+ing, 從句那個男孩從樹上掉下來了，頭撞到地上了The boy fell off the tree, striking his head against the ground.表目:in order

9、 to, in order that, for the purpose為了考入一個愈加好學(xué)校，我必須愈加努力In order to get into a better school, I must study even harder .第12頁表條件: as/so long as, if, unless,只要努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會取得好成績As long as you study hard, you can get a high mark.表讓步: in spite of, despite, although, though他即使不認(rèn)識我，但卻幫了我He helped me although he

10、didnt know me.表程度: very, enough, to some extent那里風(fēng)景非常漂亮The scenery there is very beautiful.第13頁表方式: like that, as, as if不要那樣看我Dont look at me like that!表伴隨情況：老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著一本書The teacher came into the classroom, catching a book in his hand.with第14頁作狀語有：副詞（短語）、介詞短語、不定式、分詞（短語）、名詞短語和狀語從句。狀語說明時間、地點、原因、目標(biāo)、結(jié)

11、果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。其位置多位于句首或句尾，但表頻率或程度副詞應(yīng)位于句中be動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之后，實義動詞之前。地點和時間應(yīng)按先小后大次序。第15頁. 補語:(complement)補語主語補足語：賓語補足語：補充說明主語動作或狀態(tài)補充說明賓語動作或狀態(tài)我又累又困，就去睡了。Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.2我發(fā)覺那本書很有趣。I found that book very interesting.主語補足語賓語補足語你朋友來上課時心情很不好。Your friend comes to school very upset.作補足語有：名詞、

12、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式和分詞（短語）第16頁8. 同位語:(appositive)當(dāng)兩個同一事物句子成份放在同等位置時，一個句子成份可被用來說明或解釋另一個句子成份，前者就叫做后者同位語。我們有兩個孩子，一男一女We have two children, a boy and a girl.那人是我老師，他從來都不騎自行車The man, my teacher, never rides a bike.I want this diary itself to be my friend. P 77第17頁句子類型1、簡單句：簡單句只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語動詞（或并列謂語動詞）。如：My

13、brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.2、并列句：并列句由并列連詞或分號“；”把兩個或兩個以上簡單句連在一起組成。如：It is late , so we must hurry.3、復(fù)合句：復(fù)合句中含有一個或一個以上從句。如：If we want to keep fit , we must always remember that prevention is better than cure. 從以上并列句和復(fù)合句例句來看，我

14、們不難看出它們實際上是由幾個簡單句經(jīng)過并列連詞或隸屬連詞連接起來。第18頁簡單句五種基本句型一: (主謂)二: (主系表)三: (主謂賓)四: (主謂間賓直賓)五: (主謂賓賓補)第19頁基本句型 一:(主謂)謂語:不及物動詞(vi.)沒有賓語, 形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。如: We come.(不及物動詞)1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly第20頁基本句型二：(是系動詞) (表語) 1. Thi

15、s is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 第21頁 連系動詞有：be, / seem, appear,(look) /keep, stay, remain, stand(still), lie(awake),/ prove, turn out/

16、look, feel, sound, smell, taste/ become, grow, get, turn, go(mad, hungry, bad, wrong), come(true), fall(ill,asleep), run(mad,dry)第22頁基本句型 三: (主謂賓)此句型特點是：謂語動詞都是及物動詞,必須跟有一個賓語, 即動作承受者, 才能使意思完整。(及物動詞)(賓語)1. Whoknowsthe answer? 2. He has refusedto help them. 3. Heenjoysreading. 4. Hesaid“Good morning.”5.

17、 Headmitsthat he was mistaken. 第23頁基本句型 四: (主謂間賓直賓)有些及物動詞能夠有兩個賓語, e.g. give/pass/bring/show。這兩個賓語通常一個指人(間接賓語); 一個指物(直接賓語)。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give a cup of tea to me please.give sb sth= give sth to sb第24頁 在此句型中，我們要掌握接動詞不定式作賓語和接動名詞作賓語動詞。只接動名詞動詞：advise allow avoid admit advocate acknowledge

18、consider deny delay enjoy excuse escape fancy forgive finish imagine, include, keep, miss, mind pardon practise permit risk resist stand stop, leave off, put off, insist on, cant help, dislike只接不定式動詞 wish hope manage offer ask pretend decide learn desire agree care choose determine undertake expect

19、threat promise seek二者都接動詞：沒有區(qū)分attempt,continue,intend,cant bear, propose cant afford, fear, cease略有區(qū)分like hate love prefer; begin start區(qū)分很大want, need, require, deserve ; forget, remember, regret ,try ,mean, go on第25頁(及物)(多指人)(多指物)She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I

20、showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 第26頁基本句型 五: (主謂賓賓補)此句型特點是: 動詞即使是及物動詞, 不過只跟一個賓語還不能表示完整意思, 必須加上一個補充成份來補足賓語, 才能使意思完整。賓語補足語: 位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明成份。能夠用作賓語補足語有名詞, 形容詞, 不定式,動名詞, 分詞, 介詞短語等。We should keep the plants in the shade.第27頁Exercises(一)

21、挑出以下句中賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.第28頁(二) 挑出以下句中表語- The old man was feeling very tir

22、ed.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.第29頁(三) 挑出以下句中定語1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!第30頁(四) 挑出以下句中賓語補足語 She likes

23、the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.第31頁(五) 挑出以下句中狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He

24、began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.第32頁 With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the

25、 other machine.第33頁劃分句子成份You will tell your friend that youve got to school. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds hel

26、d me entirely in their power.第34頁1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to beUpstairs at dusk (when the window was open).4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thund

27、eringClouds held me entirely in their power.主語謂語間賓定語直接賓語原因狀語主語 謂語賓語狀語第35頁1. There are so many people in the hall.2. I found him out.3. They made the girl angry.4. They listened carefully.5. The gas has given out.6. The cake tastes nice.7. He give me a book.8. He stood quite still.9. Have you read th

28、e story?10. They built a house last year.作業(yè)第36頁 A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah returns with her family following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, . 長難句分析第37頁 Even though there may be a tendency in so

29、me rare families to live extraordinarily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is. S+V+P Josephine Tesauro, left, active and healthy at 92, is part of a study trying to determine why some people

30、age better than others, even when they are closely related. 第38頁 First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the

31、 problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET.C篇） 這個定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批出色數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包含一位法國女科學(xué)家，她在處理這個難題方面取得了重大進(jìn)展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。 簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語，動名詞及兩個定語從句。第39頁 1.They guess that racial differences in which dairy products are us

32、ually consumed,or in eating habitshaving small amounts of dairy products throughout the day,for instance,rather than a single large servingmay help explain the finding. 2.How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cagesin unnatural environmentsmostly forentertainment purposesis fair and respectful? 3.Human beings have agreed, in the course of centuries ofmutual dependency,to let the various noises that they can produce with their lungs,throats,tongues,teeth,and lips systematically stand for certain happenings in