非謂語動詞基礎市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎課件

1、六、非謂語動詞第二部分語法考點突破第1頁一、非謂語動詞形式不定式分詞動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞普通式完成式進行式to dodoingdonedoingto have donehaving donehaving doneto be doing第2頁不定式分詞動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞被動式否定式普通式to be donebeing donebeing done完成式to have been donehaving been donehaving been done普通式not to donot doingnot donenot doing完成式not to have donenot having done

2、not having done第3頁二、非謂語動詞在句中成份意義特征語法特征主語謂語同位語表語賓語補足語定語狀語不定式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞主觀性、詳細性、一次性、未來性客觀性、抽象性、普通性、經驗性主動正在進行被動完成第4頁三、作賓語非謂語動詞比較情況慣用動詞只接不定式作賓語動詞只接動名詞作賓語動詞或短語hope，want，offer，long，fail，expect,wish，ask，decide，pretend，manage，afford，determine，promise，happenmind，miss，enjoy，imagine，practice，suggest，finish，esc

3、ape，excuse，appreciate，admit，prevent，keep，dislike，avoid，risk，resist，considercant help，feel like，succeed in，be fond of，object to，get down to，be engaged in，insist on，think of，be proud of，take pride in，set about，be afraid of，be tired of，look forward to，devote oneself to，be worth，be busy，pay attention to

4、，stick to第5頁情況慣用動詞二者都能夠基意義本相同begin，start，like，love，hate，prefer，continue(接不定式多指詳細動作，接動名詞多指普通或習慣行為)need，want，require(接動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，若接不定式則應用被動形式)意義相反stop to do(停頓手中事，去做另一件事)stop doing(停頓正在做事)意義不一樣remember/forget/regret to do(指動作還未發(fā)生) remember/forget/regret doing(指動作已經發(fā)生)go on to do(接著做另一件事)go on doing

5、(接著做同一件事)try to do(設法， 努力去做，盡力)try doing(試著去做，看有何結果)mean to do(打算做，企圖做)mean doing(意思是，意味著)cant help to do(不能幫忙做)，cant help doing(忍不住要做)第6頁四、非謂語動詞作賓語補足語區(qū)分類型常見動詞與賓語邏輯關系及時間示例不定式現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞ask，beg, expect,get, order，tell, want，wish, encourage(帶to)have，notice, see，watch, hear，feel, let，make(不帶to)主謂關系。強調動作將發(fā)

6、生或已經完成I asked him to help me. I heard him call me several times.notice，see, watch，hear, find，keep, have，feel主謂關系。強調動作正在進行，還未完成I found her listening to the radio.動賓關系。動作已經完成，多強調狀態(tài)We found the village greatly changed.第7頁五、非謂語動詞作定語區(qū)分類型區(qū)分示例不定式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞與被修飾詞往往有動賓關系，普通式表示未來，進行式表示與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，完成式表示在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生

7、I have a lot of papers to type. I have a lot of papers to be typed.通常指被修飾詞用途，無邏輯上任何關系Shall we go to the swimming pool？與被修飾詞之間是主謂關系，表示動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生與被修飾之間是被動關系，表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，現(xiàn)已經完成the boiling water/the boiled water，the developing country/the developed country，the falling leaves/the fallen leaves第8頁六、非謂語動

8、詞作主語和表語區(qū)分類型區(qū)分示例不定式多表示一個特定詳細未來動作，作主語時能夠借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。作表語有時可和主語交換位置而且意義不變，而且還能用what來提問主語或表語My dream is to become a teacher.To become a teacher is my dream Its my dream to become a teacher.(dream,business，wish，idea，plan，duty，task作主語時慣用) To obey the law is important. It is important to obey the law.第9

9、頁類型區(qū)分示例動名詞分詞與不定式功效區(qū)分不大，然而它更靠近于名詞，表示動作比較抽象，或者泛指習慣性動作，有時也能夠用it作形式主語，作表語時能夠和主語換位置It is no use saying that again and again. Teaching is my job.無名詞性質，不能作主語。不過有形容詞性質，能夠作表語，多表明主語性質特征或者狀態(tài)等，可被very，quite，rather等副詞修飾。現(xiàn)在分詞多含“令人”之意，說明主語性質特征，多表示主動，主語多為物。過去分詞普通表示被動或主語所處狀態(tài)，含有“感到”之意，主語多是人。The situation is encouragin

10、g.The book is well written.(慣用分詞有astonishing,moving，tiring,disappointing，puzzling,shocking，boring，amusing及其ed形式)第10頁七、語法填空中非謂語動詞考查廣東近五年高考在語法填空題中考查非謂語動詞情況：She wished that he was as easy _ (please)as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.解析：在形容詞后作狀語，只能用動詞不定式。：He spit it out，_ (say) it was a

11、wful.解析：考查非謂語動詞。整句匯總已經有謂語動詞spit，故此處應填非謂語動詞，又表伴隨狀態(tài)，用v.ing形式。to pleasesaying第11頁：I got on the bus and found a seat near the back，and then I noticed a man _ (sit) at the front.解析：考查非謂語動詞。作感官動詞notice賓語補足語，與notice動作同時進行，用v.ing形式。：He suddenly appeared in class one day，_(wear) sun glasses.解析：因已經有謂語動詞appear

12、ed，動詞wear前又沒有并列連詞，即wear不是并列謂語，它應是非謂語動詞作狀語表示伴隨情況；又因he與wear是主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。：“.but everyone added a little，always _ (think) that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.”解析：考查非謂語動詞， ving形式表伴隨。sittingwearingthinking第12頁1(高考新課標全國卷)The sunlight is white and blinding，_ha

13、rdedged shadows on the ground.AthrowingBbeing thrownCto throw Dto be thrownA第13頁解析：本題考查非謂語動詞使用方法。句意：太陽光白得刺眼,在地上投下了輪廓鮮明影子。A項throwing是現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動作正在進行，常在句中作伴隨狀語；B項being thrown屬于現(xiàn)在分詞被動形式，表示被動意義；C項to throw 是動詞不定式，表示未來動作；D項to be thrown是不定式被動形式。依據句意判斷，此空格處應該填入一個能作伴隨狀語,且和句子主語在邏輯上組成主謂關系非謂語動詞形式。首先排除B、D兩個選項，因為這兩

14、個選項在邏輯上和句子主語是動賓關系；C項即使能夠和句子主語組成邏輯上主謂關系，不過其慣用作目標狀語或結果狀語等，不能用作伴隨狀語，所以也得排除。剩下A項既符合語法規(guī)則，也符合語意邏輯關系。故答案選A項。第14頁2(高考北京卷)_the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.AFind B.FindingCTo find DFound解析：題干意思是：發(fā)覺這門課程極難，她決定轉向難度低一些課程。本句主語為she，與find之間為主謂關系，要用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，故正確答案為B項。B第15頁3(高考重慶卷)When I

15、 was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，_me stories till I fell asleep.Ahaving told B.tellingCtold D.to tell解析：題干意思是：“我小時候，媽媽經常坐在我床邊給我講故事，一直講到我睡著?！笨崭袂笆且粋€主干無缺、語意完整句子，所以可首先排除作謂語told。A項having told表示動作已經發(fā)生；B項telling表示動作正在發(fā)生；D項to tell表示動作還未發(fā)生。從句子結構分析得知，“給我講故事一直講到我睡著”是作伴隨狀語。只有B項telling可作伴隨狀語，表示動作正在進行。

16、B第16頁4(2013高考山東卷)I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired.Atake B.taking Cto take D.taken 解析：句意：因為我感到累了，我停下車休息了一小會兒。此處用不定式短語作目狀語。C第17頁5(高考湖南卷)The sun began to rise in the sky，_the mountain in golden light.Abathed B.bathingCto have bathed D.having bathed解析：題干意思是：“太陽開始在天空中升起，這使大山沐浴在了金色

17、陽光之中?！敝髡Zthe sun和動詞bathe“沐浴”之間是主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，由此可知答案為B。B第18頁6(高考湖南卷)_warm at night，I would fill the woodstove，then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.AStaying B.StayedCTo stay DStay解析：題干意思是：“晚上為了取暖，我會填滿柴爐，然后為鬧鐘定時方便午夜里能起來再添一次?！币罁Z境可知此處用動詞不定式作目標狀語，故答案為C。為了突出目標，通常把目標狀語置于句首。C第19頁7(高考安

18、徽卷)_ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.ATo found B.Founding CFounded D.Having founded解析：句意：這所學校創(chuàng)建于20世紀早期，它一直激勵著孩子們對于藝術熱愛。the school與found之間為被動關系，故用過去分詞。C第20頁8(高考北京卷)Volunteering gives you a chance_lives，including your own.Achange B.changingCchanged Dto cha

19、nge解析：題干意思是：志愿者工作給了你改變生活機會，包含你自己。a chance to do sth.“做某事機會”。假如用動詞ing形式作定語，需借助于介詞of，a chance of doing sth.“做某事機會”，所以正確答案為D項。要注意常見接動詞不定式作定語名詞，如chance，ability，way等。D第21頁9(高考天津卷)In some languages,100 words make up half of all words _ in daily conversations.Ausing B.to use Chaving used D.used解析：句意：“在一些語言

20、中，100個單詞占了日常對話所使用全部單詞二分之一。”題干中make up是謂語動詞，_in daily conversations作后置定語，修飾words，words與use之間是被動關系，應該用過去分詞used。D第22頁10(2013高考山東卷)The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner.Astanding B.to stand Cstands D.stood 解析：句意：除了一個立在墻角書架外,整個房間是空著。分析句子結構知，主句是“The room is empty.”，except for后接名詞、代詞或動名詞

21、形式，它后面不可能是一個句子，所以后一個空不可能填謂語動詞，所以排除選項C、D；再根據a bookshelf與stand 構成邏輯上主謂關系，且stand這一動作正在發(fā)生著，故選項A符合句意。選項B是不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生，不符合句意。A第23頁11(高考遼寧卷)Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail _for her.Awaited B.to waitCwaiting D.was waiting解析：句意：勞拉去了巴黎一個多星期。當她到家時，有一堆郵件正等著她。分析

22、句子結構可知，空格處用作后置定語修飾mail，因為mail與wait之間為主動關系，且wait動作不是發(fā)生在未來，故不用不定式而用現(xiàn)在分詞結構。D項若改為which/that was waiting也正確,這么可組成定語從句修飾mail，不過作為從句主語關系代詞不可省去。C第24頁12(高考湖南卷)You cannot accept an opinion_ to you unless it is based on facts.Aoffering B.to offerChaving offered Doffered解析：題干意思是：“你不能夠接收他人提供觀點，除非它是建立在事實基礎之上?！狈治鼍?/p>

23、子成份可知，“_to you”是分詞短語作后置定語修飾opinion，又因為opinion和offer之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞修飾，由此可知答案為D。D第25頁13(高考陜西卷)The witnesses_by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.Aquestioned B.being questionedCto be questioned Dhaving questioned解析：題干意思是：“剛才被警察問詢證人對打架作出了不一樣描述?！痹擃}考查是非謂語動詞作后置定語。那些證人是“被問詢”，所

24、以要用question被動形式，故能夠排除D；由句中just now和gave very different descriptions不難得知“問詢”這一動作發(fā)生過了,所以要用動詞過去分詞作定語; B項表示“正在被問詢”；而C項則表示“將要被問詢”，動作還沒發(fā)生；所以B、C兩項均不符合題意。A第26頁14(高考新課標全國卷)They might just have a place_on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try?Aleft B.leaveCleaving D.to leave解析：本題考查對動詞形式選取。句意：他們可能只剩下一個寫

25、作課名額了，你為何不試一試呢？四個選項中除了B項是動詞原形外，其余三項都是非謂語動詞形式。A項left是leave過去分詞形式,在句中慣用作后置定語,意為“剩下”；C項為現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動作正在進行；D項是動詞不定式，表示未來意義。依據句意可知，A項left符合題意。A第27頁15(高考北京卷)When we saw the road_with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.Ablock B.to blockCblocking Dblocked解析：題干意思是：當看到道路被雪堵住時候，我們決定在家里度假。分析結構可知，此處是“see賓語

26、賓語補足語”結構；賓補是do形式時，表示“看見賓語做某事整個過程”；賓語是doing形式時，表示“看見賓語正在做某事”；若賓補與賓語之間為動賓關系，則要用過去分詞作賓補。分析結構可知，此處block與賓語the road之間為動賓關系，應用blocked作賓補，故正確答案為D項。D第28頁.用所給動詞適當形式填空1_ (make) a long story short，he is going to kill the old man tonight.2I searched all the drawers _ (find) my lost necklace.3When _ (heat)，ice w

27、ill be changed into water.4My mother could do nothing but _ (wait) for the doctor to arrive.5His _ (not pass) the exam made his mother sad.To maketo findheatedwaitnot passing第29頁6How _ (begin) is more difficult than where _ (stop)7My work is _ (clean) the managers office every day.8_ (attract) by th

28、e beautiful music，all people on the street stopped.9She pretended _ (sleep) when his mother entered the room.10I want to leave here，because I just couldnt stand _ (sleep) in such a noisy room.11.The man threw himself from the horse，as if _(shoot).to beginto stopcleaningAttractedto be sleepingsleepin

29、gshot第30頁12When father came in，I was lying on the bed，_ (read) a book.13Much high technology has been introduced from other country，thus _ (result) in great increase in production of the company.14Strictly _ (speak)，hes not qualified for the job.15If I correct someone now，I will do it with as much good humor and selfrestraint as if I were the one _ (correct)readingresultingspeakingbeing corrected第31頁.語篇填空：用所給動詞適當形式填空 Many years ago，a young foreigner 1._ (call) Marco Polo traveled all the way from Italy to China.From then on a window to the east has bee