學(xué)校申表簡(jiǎn)題

1、TEST ONTHERENAISSANCE 文藝復(fù)興Who was Abelard 文學(xué)人物阿爾伯爾? a young priest from Brittany, who early in the twelfth century began to lecture on theology and logic in Paris.Thousands of eager young men flocked to the French city to hear him. who disagreed with him stepped forward to heir of view. Paris soon f

2、illedTEST ONTHERENAISSANCE 文藝復(fù)興Who was Abelard 文學(xué)人物阿爾伯爾? a young priest from Brittany, who early in the twelfth century began to lecture on theology and logic in Paris.Thousands of eager young men flocked to the French city to hear him. who disagreed with him stepped forward to heir of view. Paris s

3、oon filled clamoring multitude of Englishmen and Germans and Italians students from Sweden gary and around the old cathedral which stood on littleheSeinetheregrewthefamousUniversityof2. Who was Giotto 意大利文藝復(fù)興繪畫之父:喬托? A er in the Ages famous for his ings of the life of St. Francis of Assisi upon the

4、walls of Churchofthe HolyCrossinFlorence,3. Who was Dante 但丁? He was a Florentine author and poet of the Middle Ages who was exiled because of his political convictions, and made famous by his book which describes an imaginary trip through Purgatory and through .TESTONTHEWhat economic ”lly motivated

5、 Pope Leo X to ? The church of St. Peter Pope Julius had wished upon his innocent sors, although only half begun, already in need of repair. Alexander VI had spent every penny of the Papal Leo X, who succeeded he year 1513, was on the verge of ruptcy. .thusrevertedtotheoldmethodofraisingreadycashthr

6、ough2. What is an “indulgence”贖罪券? An indulgence was a piece of ent the Romish Church which in return for a certain sum of money, promised a sinner decreaseofthetimewhichhewouldhavetospendin3. Whowas Johan Tetzel? He was aDominican monk who was givenin1517 exclusive territory for the sale of in Saxo

7、ny. Luthers dispute with edant4WhatwereLuthers“ninety-fivetheses”九十五條論綱Theyninety-five ements (or theses) written by Martin Luther attacking the sale which ted on the 31st of October of the year 1517. They writteninTESTONGREATDISCOVERIESWhat is scurvy 壞血病? a disease which is caused by lack of fresh

8、vegetables and which affects the gums and poisons the blood until the patient dies of sheer Who was “Presser John? He was the “mythical” Christian Priest who saidto be the Emperor of a vast empire “situated he east. The of this strange e been told in he middle of the century. For dred years people h

9、ad tried to find “Presser John and descendants. Actually,PresserJohnwasnoone nthe Black Negus(orKing)Abyssinia, whose tors had adopted Christianity in the fourth century, dredyears beforetheChristianaries hadfoundtheirwaytodidBartholomew Diaz he year 1486 好望角? 3. Which called it the Storm , on accou

10、nt of the strong winds which revented from continuing his voyage toward the east, but the Lisbon pilots who theimportanceofthisheirquestforwaterroute, changedotofthe ofGoodTESTONTHEEGYPTIANSIn what respects were the Egyptians technologically advanced 埃及人的先進(jìn) 技術(shù)? They knew about irrigation, built temp

11、les and great pyramids, had a sophisticated calendar, and had writing.2. What was found on the Rosetta Stone 羅塞塔石碑? he hieroglyphiclanguageaswell hedemoticandGreek3. What do each of these termsfrom continuing his voyage toward the east, but the Lisbon pilots who theimportanceofthisheirquestforwaterr

12、oute, changedotofthe ofGoodTESTONTHEEGYPTIANSIn what respects were the Egyptians technologically advanced 埃及人的先進(jìn) 技術(shù)? They knew about irrigation, built temples and great pyramids, had a sophisticated calendar, and had writing.2. What was found on the Rosetta Stone 羅塞塔石碑? he hieroglyphiclanguageaswell

13、 hedemoticandGreek3. What do each of these terms mean: monotheistic- tthere is one(universal)God;polytheistic-ttherearemany4. How was Sparta different from Athens 雅典和斯巴達(dá)的不同? Sparta was much more militarized and autocratic, whereas Athens was more democratic and excelled in arts and humanities.9TESTO

14、NROMEANDs until itsdefeatby geupon her neighbors 1. Which regions were Rome? As the years went by the influence of until the art of the African coast, Spain and certain regions of France s,andpaidtribute, taxesanddividendstosful as 2. What characteristic of Roman foreign policy made it so er 政策的成功?

15、It would treat its s as full-citizens of Rome. In return for this privilege they expected their s to fight Rome, whenever sary. The “outsider ted this generosity and showedhisgratitudebyhisunswervingloyaltytoTEST ONPOPEvs.EMPEROR Which tool could the Pope use er throughout Europe in MiddleAges 教皇在歐洲

16、掌權(quán)工具? But more frequently the Pope was the Then the Emperor or the King together ll bjects This t all churches were t no one could be t dying mancouldbegivenabsolution -inlfofthe functions of ernment came to an end. nt, the people were absolved from oathof loyaltytotheirsovereignandwere urgedtorebel

17、 againsttheir19TESTONTHEMEDIEVALCITY 中世紀(jì)的城市1. What is a feudal 領(lǐng)主 edieval society this is owned the land whichhe allowed hisvassals to use in return oftheiriving him a 軍TheeffortbyEuropeanChristianstore-2.Whatwerethethe “Holy Land” from the Muslims, based upon the original call for such an effort Po

18、pe.TESTONTHEMEDIEVALWORLD 中世紀(jì)的世界Who were the Scholastics (or Schoolmen )? With the help of an oddcombination ofthe Bible, the Romish traditions, and Aristotle, many of the mostbrilliant men of the Middle Ages now set to work to explain all things nHeavenandEarth.Thesebrilliantmen, theso-calledSchola

19、stics orSchoolmen, reallyelligent,buttheystartedfromerroneous2. What are guilds 行會(huì)? An important feature of the Medieval towns the merchants and the artisans established trade groups, called guilds, ared every member of a e. It did not encourage the ambitious to ntheirER 實(shí)力均衡25.TESTONTHEBALANCE1Expl

20、ainwhatismeantbythetermbalance reallyelligent,buttheystartedfromerroneous2. What are guilds 行會(huì)? An important feature of the Medieval towns the merchants and the artisans established trade groups, called guilds, ared every member of a e. It did not encourage the ambitious to ntheirER 實(shí)力均衡25.TESTONTHE

21、BALANCE1Explainwhatismeantbythetermbalance 權(quán)力的“衡Thisis apolitical theory as well as operatingprinciple. Thepeoplewhothe idea t Europe, inits nationalisticstage ofdevelopment, couldsurvive when there should be an absolute balance of the of the entire continent. No dominatetheer or single dynasty must

22、 ever be allowed 26TEST ONTHERISEOF RUSSIA 普魯士的崛起1. From where did Christian Russian peoples? The existence of come to Christianize these anized Slavic e became known aries of the Constantinople. This meant a new field for the zealous faith. monks followed the Dnieper on their way northward and reac

23、hedtheheartof29.TESTONTHEAMERICAN1. What was the religious affiliation of most of those British who South 信仰? They were an of the Anglican culture of MotherCountryof2. Why as long as the Stuarts had ruled England had there been no danger of lly regarding themericancolonies? major war withFrance, 要斯圖

24、亞特統(tǒng)The Stuarts needed the Bourbons in their attempt to establish autocraticformernmentandtobreakerofParliamentandTESTONTHEFRENCHREVOLUTION Define a political revolution . A revolution is “a swift overthrow, a few years, of institutions which have taken centuries to he soil, and so fixed and t even t

25、he most ardent reformers hardly dare to heirwritings.Itisthe fall,the crumblingaway inabriefperiod,oft t time has ed the essence ofl,religious, politicalandeconomic ina2. WhowasVoltaire伏爾泰the atheisticoldphilosopher, playwrighthistorian and novelist, and the great enemy of all true religion, began t

26、o throw his bombs of criticism at everything connected with the Established Order of Things, the wholeFrenchworldapplauded himandhistheatricalplayedtostandingroomhe French Revolution, who were the Jacobins 雅各賓派? Most revolutionary members of the National Assembly. These young men (most of belonging

27、to the al classes) made very violent speeches. Finally they er in the National Assembly and gave er to a small committee themselves, called the committee of Public Safety. But in the end they overthrowndueto.32TESTONTHEHOLYALLIANCE 1. Which three men dominated the Congress of Vienna which arranged c

28、ourse of Europe following the Napoleonic era 維也納? The three most important men at Vienna were the Emperor Alexander Russia,Metternich,whorepresentederests oftheAustrianhouse ofand Talleyrand, the ishop of , d ged to live t h differentheernment by the 1. Which three men dominated the Congress of Vien

29、na which arranged course of Europe following the Napoleonic era 維也納? The three most important men at Vienna were the Emperor Alexander Russia,Metternich,whorepresentederests oftheAustrianhouse ofand Talleyrand, the ishop of , d ged to live t h differentheernment by the sheer force of his cunning and

30、 d who now to it l to e for his whatevercouldbesavedfromtheNapoleonic2. Whichnation dideach of these three men represent 國(guó)家? Emperor Alexander of Russia, Metternich, who represented the theAustrianhouseofHabsburgandTalleyrandrepresentingtheFrench33TESTONNATIONALINDEPENDENCE 民族獨(dú)立ts ern east two princ

31、iples 1. d co e to be ted with and French revolutions which the Congress of Vienna failedto take account of in drawing its map and setting ernment followingNapoleonic era. One of the things which the American and French Revolutions taught Europe and America was the “right” of people to their own Fur

32、thermore, the long history of sful ernment based he United Kingdom and the United es made it very difficult to ocontinentalEuropeanswhytheycouldnotenjoythesamebenefitsas2. What was the “Monroe Doctrine 門羅主義” which was ed in response merica this ed alliance to help hwart independence in 班牙挫敗獨(dú)立南美洲addr

33、essed Congress and Monroe,on the 2ndof December ofthe yeart: “America would consider any attempt on part of the to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as to our peace and safety, and gave t aernment would consider such action onthe part of the Holy Alliance ionofanunfriendly itiont

34、owardtheUnited3. What was the Dekaberist revolt in ? A whichended with the hanging of a large number of patriots who had been by the reaction of Tsar Alexanders last years and had tried to give Russia constitutionalform4. Who became emperor of France in 1852, trading upon his famed I the son of Loui

35、s Bonaparte the former King of Holland, and the nephewofagreat16.TESTON社會(huì)1. Why did the common people of Europe of the eleventh century not object Feudalism? They supported Feudalism because it was a very practical and institution. Their lord and master usually lived in a big stone house erected on

36、top of a steep rock or built n deep moats, but within sight of bjects. caseofdangerthe subjectsfoundshelterbehindthe wallsofthe baronialt is why they tried to live as near the castle sible and it accounts for manyEuropeancitieswhichbegantheircareerarounda feudal 主義? A 2. What is l and political tedi

37、eval Europe. It was marked by small principalities, each one by a duke or a count or a baron or a bishop, as the case might be, anized as fightingunit. Thesedukes andcounts and barons had sworntobe faithful tothe who had given them their “feudum (hence our word “feudal,) in return for loyal andediev

38、al Europe. It was marked by small principalities, each one by a duke or a count or a baron or a bishop, as the case might be, anized as fightingunit. Thesedukes andcounts and barons had sworntobe faithful tothe who had given them their “feudum (hence our word “feudal,) in return for loyal andacertai

39、namountof制度下的騎士職責(zé)3. What were the duties of a knight under , the knight of the early middle ages was a al soldier. But also he the civil servant t day. He was the judge ofhis community and he wasthe . He caught the highwaymen and protected the wandering peddlers were the merchants of the eleventh ce

40、ntury. He looked after the dikes t countryside should not be flooded. He encouraged the Troubadours who from place to place ling the stories of the ancient heroes who had fought he great wars of the migrations. Besides, he protected the churches and the monasteries within his territory.軍東征18.TESTONT

41、HECrusade conclude 第一次東征結(jié)果? a 1. How did ob of but deluded Christians, defaulting rupts,oblemen and fugitives justice, following the lead of half - crazy Peter the Hermit and Walter- without- Cent, begannagainst theInfidels bymurdering allthe Jews whom metbytheway.Theygotasfargary and thenthey werea

42、ll 2. How was the Second Crusade anized 第二次東征? It was anized.Ayearwas rainingandanarmyof200,000TheywereplaceddofGodfreyof Bouillon,Robert,dukeofRobert, count of Flanders, and a number of other noblemen, all artof 角度, what 3. From a military and political 政治result of the Crusades? No significant chan

43、ge from the situation in place before Crusades, although the Crusades tended to weaken the Eastern Roman Empire even 軍東征的文化影響? 4. What was the cultural impact of the cultural impact was significant. The West became more aware of culture theirtimeand region.Itpromotedtradeandcommerce.Itledtoclassical

44、scholarship which patrolled the seas.21TESTONMedievalTRADE 中世紀(jì)的貿(mào)易1. Of the cities in Europe, why were Italian cities to regain ition greatimportanceduringthelateMiddle,moreroadsandmoretownsmore rvived there from the Roman he second place, the lived in Italy and as the head of a vast political machin

45、e, ned land and and buildings and forests and rivers and conducted courts of law, he was in receipt of a great deal of money. The Papal authorities had to be paid in gold and silveras did the merchants and ship- owners of Venice and Genoa. The cows and eggs and the horses and all the other agricultu

46、ral products ofthe ndthe must be oactual cashbefore the debt could be he distant city Rome.ThismadeItaly wheretherewasacomparativeabundancegoldandsilver.Finally,duringtheCrusades,theItaliancitiesetheembarkationfortheCrusadersandrofiteeredmostvable2. How did Venice lly prosper from the 字軍東征獲得利益? The

47、town had grown rich and had begun to build ships, which engaged in trade with the Orient. During the Crusades, these ships were used to carry passengers to the Holy Land, and when the passengers could not pay for their tickets incash, they were obliged tohelpthe Venetians whowere for ever theirhegea

48、nSea, inAsiaMinorand in3. What was thegoldandsilver.Finally,duringtheCrusades,theItaliancitiesetheembarkationfortheCrusadersandrofiteeredmostvable2. How did Venice lly prosper from the 字軍東征獲得利益? The town had grown rich and had begun to build ships, which engaged in trade with the Orient. During the

49、Crusades, these ships were used to carry passengers to the Holy Land, and when the passengers could not pay for their tickets incash, they were obliged tohelpthe Venetians whowere for ever theirhegeanSea, inAsiaMinorand in3. What was the Hanseatic League ? A protective league during Middle Ages of n

50、 dred cities primarily in northern t engaged in pirates and ex navy ofits commerce and used the league to protect themselves sive tolls and annoying legislation. The tion ained TESTONTHEMERCANTILESYSTEM 重商主義How did the discovery of America affect the availability of gold and silver in Europe 在美洲發(fā)現(xiàn)的黃

51、金白銀對(duì)歐洲的影響? Gold and silver had been a rare he middle ages. The discovery of America and the ion of Peruvianmines changedall this.Goldandsilverwere heAmericanand brought back to Europe. Through Spain and Portugal and Holland and precious metalsbegantofindtheirwayto2. What was the “mercantile system” of the s