英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確使用

1、書、筆、紙、墨水。大家看看上面的句子， 句中用的是什么標(biāo)點(diǎn)呢？相信誰都會說是：頓號和句號啦。在英文句子里，也有頓號(、)和小圈兒句號 (。)嗎？上面的句子以英文來寫的話，就應(yīng)該是Book, pen, paper, ink.可見在英文里是不用頓號和中文式句號的。 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號在中、 英文里的寫法和用法有好多差別。 下面就讓我們從一個(gè)中文里所沒有的標(biāo)點(diǎn)開始吧。一般單數(shù)名詞 (有生命的 !)，所有格只在結(jié)尾加 s第( 1-3 句)如果單數(shù)名詞尾是 s, 或 ce，所有格只加 或 s第( 4 句)如果單數(shù)名詞尾是 s, 而跟著是以 S開頭的詞，所有格只加 第( 5句)D. 如果單數(shù)名詞尾音有重復(fù)的s或 z

2、音，或是 eez音，所有格只加第(句)E. 如果 B 項(xiàng)的名詞只有一個(gè)音節(jié) (syllable)，所有格只能加s (第 4句)F. 如果 B 項(xiàng)的名詞有二個(gè)以上音節(jié)，所有格則只加 (第 7 句)復(fù)合詞類處理法同 A。(第 8-9 句)1.2二人 (或其他動物 )以上的所有格表示法The boys shoes(在.復(fù)數(shù) boys 尾加上 而不是 s喔)The women s bags. (woman的復(fù)數(shù)是 women, 所有格是 s)The children s caps的.(child復(fù)數(shù)是 children，和 women 同類型，所有格加 s)4. The actresses h(act

3、ressts. 的復(fù)數(shù)是actresses，因?yàn)榻Y(jié)尾是es,因此所有格只加便可 )The babies toys(baby. 的復(fù)數(shù)是 babies，結(jié)尾有 es，因此所有格只加 )Ms. Joneses house. (Joneses 是 Jones 的復(fù)數(shù) )7. My mothers-in-law s house注.意(是 motherS 喔，所有格還是加 s)A.簡單復(fù)數(shù)名詞 (同樣是有生命的喔 )的所有格寫法是：先將原來單數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾加 s 變成復(fù)數(shù)，然后在結(jié)尾處再加上即成。 (第 1 句)如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞是由改變其內(nèi)的韻母形成的，所有格同單數(shù)名詞一樣，結(jié)尾加上 s(第 2-3 句)C.如

4、果復(fù)數(shù)名詞尾是es, 所有格只加第( 4-6 句)D.如果是復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)合名詞，則先將主要單數(shù)名詞轉(zhuǎn)成復(fù)數(shù)，然后在復(fù)合名詞尾加上 s(第7句)如果是幾個(gè)名詞并列的 ,所有格 s加在最后一個(gè)名詞尾Joe and Linda s house is being喬sold和琳.達(dá)的房子已賣了。 (這里表示房子是 Joe 和 Linda所共有 )如果幾個(gè)名詞是個(gè)別表示所有格時(shí)，每個(gè)名詞尾都須加上 s :Mike ands Molly grades have improved. 邁克和莫莉的成績已有進(jìn)步。 (這里表示邁克和莫莉各別的成績都有進(jìn)步 )不定式名詞的所有格是在詞尾加 sI need someone s

5、 help with my homework(someone. 指某人 ,所有格 someones某人的 )代名詞的所有格不可加上或 sShella, whose eyes are blue? (whose 哪個(gè)人的，已有所有格的意思 )This book is hers, not yours. (hers 她的， yours 你的 )It hurt its paw. (its 它的 )It s a nice day.是(it it is 的意s思 ,不屬于所有格 )That is your right. (your 你的 )1.2縮寫式 (Contractions):在字詞、日期中一部份字母

6、或數(shù)字被省略，以代之 。1. She wouldn t work for the gov(wouldntint=would93. not,gov t=government, 93=1993)名字、頭銜的縮寫格式可省略1. Lt. Wm.Jones visitedus.(Lt.=Lieutenant, 不 可 寫 成L,tWm=William,不可寫成Wm)1.3復(fù)數(shù)形式(Plurals):當(dāng)一個(gè)詞在句子里能清楚反映其復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，不可再加1.Don t give me any ifs, ands, or buts.(不可寫成if s , and s , but s)在句子里，當(dāng)一個(gè)詞僅僅作為一個(gè)

7、詞時(shí)， 其復(fù)數(shù)形式可加 s使其含意更清晰He used twenty- five andins one paragraph. 他在一段里用了 25個(gè) and 字。日期、數(shù)目字、只取首字母的縮寫詞(acronyms)這類以大寫字母結(jié)尾時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)形式只需加上s ，不必再加上 :不可寫成Ph.D. s,1970s 也不可寫成1970 s)當(dāng)一個(gè)大寫字母的復(fù)數(shù)形式可能會被誤解時(shí)，可加上 s以表示復(fù)數(shù)The Roman Numerals for the number eight is a V followed by threeI s.羅馬數(shù)字八的寫法是V后加上三個(gè)I 。(這時(shí)如果I 只s寫成 Is ,就可

8、能引起誤解 )逗號 / 逗點(diǎn)在中文或英文里是再普通不過的一個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號；可是，它的用法在中文和英文里可就不一定相同了。二、 Comma (，) 逗號、逗點(diǎn)在英文里，逗號的用途有：連接句子里不同的成份分開句子里不同的成份突出句子里的某個(gè)成份替代句子里的某個(gè)成份成份指：詞、短語 (phrase)、子句 (clause)等。2.1連接句子里不同的成份逗號用在以and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet等連接詞的兩個(gè)主要子句之間：My father is fond of fishing, but my mother prefers hiking. (以 ,but 連接兩個(gè)子句 )He

9、 painted the exterior of the house, and she painted the interior. (以,and 連接兩個(gè)子句 )=2.2分開句子里不同的成份用逗號分開兩個(gè)以上的并列形容詞：(如果并列的形容詞之間可加上 and,but 等，那就加上逗號；否則不可)That tall, distinguished, good looking fellow. (可寫成 He is a tall and distinguished fellow.)2.She is a little and old lady. 不(可寫成She is a little, old lad

10、y.)-在兩個(gè)修飾主語的短語之間加上逗號(句短可不加 )：1. While waiting for the bus on that cold rainy night, she startedsneezing. (主語 she)2.At 10 oclock the bus arrived.(不必寫成At 10 oclock, the busarrived.)-在等名稱之前及后都要加上逗號 (除了所有格的名稱 ):They identified him as Howard R. Williams, Jr., chairman of their board. (,Jr.,)2.That is How

11、ard R. Williams, Jr.s company. (,Jr.s后面不可再加逗號)-在追問句之前加逗號：Do it, wont you? (Do it 是命令語氣， wont you? 是追問 )You know the answer, dont you?It is warm today, isnt it?-一個(gè)以副詞或副詞短語開頭的句子，如果它和前面的句子有關(guān)聯(lián)的話，必須在有關(guān)副詞或副詞短語后加上逗號：She believed he had the talent to succeed. Unfortunately, he was lazy.(后一個(gè)句子以副詞unfortunatel

12、y 開頭，同時(shí)這個(gè)句子和前一個(gè)句子有直接的關(guān)聯(lián) )-在句子里有超過三個(gè)并列詞或短語等，在最后一個(gè)， and,or, nor 等之前加逗號：He promised to supply the pencils, pens, and notebooks for the class.(簡單說就是pencils, pens, notebooks 要寫成pencils, pens, andnotebooks)2.Her mothersells tomatoes, potatoes, apples, and peaches.(.apples,and.)3.She ran up the stairs, acr

13、oss the porch, and into the house.(upthestaris, across the porch, into the house 是三個(gè)短語，在最后一個(gè)加 ,and)4.We all agreed that she was beautiful,that she was intelligent,and that she was ambitious.(三個(gè) that she was.都是子句)-在句子中加上逗號，以免引起誤解：That she knew where the money was, was news to me. (如果 was,was 之間不加逗號，是

14、不是會引起誤解呢？)Outside, the lawn was cluttered with hundreds of broken branches.外面的草坪上到處是斷枝。(如果 outside 后去掉逗號 , 那意思就變成 “在草坪的外面到處是斷枝。 ”)-用逗號分開引用句：“ You are beautiful,” he(這個(gè)said逗.號要放在引號內(nèi) )2.Our teacher said,“ Freedom is not licen(.seaid,).”3.“ No, ” she said,“ I was just testing your patience.” (No, /.sai

15、d,)4.“ Perhaps, ” Tom responded, “ I will try anyway.” (Perhaps, /responded,)-逗號用以分開星期、月日、年份：On Monday, May 5,2000, her first child was born. (Monday, May5,2000, )On March 8, 2003, he bought a new car. (March 8, 2003, )June 2000 is one of the most meaningful of my life. (只有月和年，就不必加逗號 )-逗號用以分開地名、省名、國

16、名、街道名、巷弄名等：-逗號用在such as 和 especially 的前面：They enjoy outdoor sports, such as hiking and riding.He likes all extracurricular activities, especially basketball playing.=2.3突出句子中某個(gè)插入成份(Parenthetical elements):所謂插入成份， 是指在句子中去掉它也可成立的成份。插入成份一般是感嘆詞、狀語、副詞子句等。句子里插入的詞、短語、子句等,加上逗號以示插入成份：He knew, however, that n

17、o one would listen to his warning. ( 插入however)No, you may not come with us. (插入 No)-用逗號分開 “乃此非彼 ”的結(jié)構(gòu)：Jane, not Shirley, will attend the meeting. (是 Jane，不是 Shirley)He wanted to see Mr. Wu, not Mr. Hu. 是(吳先生，不是胡先生 )Some say the world will end in ice, not fire. (是冰，不是火 )It was her money, not her char

18、m or personality, that first attracted him. (為的是她的財(cái)富，不是為了她的嫵媚或個(gè)性 )-句中有非限制性的詞或短語之類，以逗號標(biāo)出以示插入成份：Her husband, Bill, is a scientist. (Bill 為插入成份 )2.Kent Howard, my English teacher, is from America. (插入成份Englishteacher)my3.Her father, who is a famous scholar, teaches English插.(入成份whois afamous scholar)El

19、eanor, his wife of thirty years, suddenly decided to open her ownbusiness. (試將插入成份his wife of thirty years去掉，句子是否也能成立？ )-句中的城市名如果和它的省、州、國名并列，省、州、國名前后須加逗號：We visited Hartford, Connecticut, last summer. (Connecticut 為插入成份 )Paris, France, is sometimes called The City of Lights. (France為插入成份 )Hartford, Connecticuts investment in the insurance industry is well known.(Connecticuts 為所有格式，后面不可加逗號喔 )-句中帶著連接詞 (but, and, or.)的插入成份的前面不可加上逗號：The Red Sox were leading the league at