人教版高中英語專題復(fù)習(xí)講義課件名詞和冠詞

1、第一講名詞和冠詞第二部分 第一講名詞的數(shù)變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況下在詞尾直接加s以s、 x、 ch、 sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加es以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞將y變?yōu)閕再加es以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾直接加stabletablesparkparksbusbusesboxboxeswishwisheswatchwatchesfamilyfamiliesbutterflybutterfliesdictionarydictionariesdaydaysholidayholidaysmonkeymonkeys變化規(guī)則例詞以o結(jié)尾的名詞一般在詞尾加s有些在詞尾加es以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞一般變f或fe為v,

2、再加es少數(shù)直接加sphotophotosradioradioszoozoospotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroesknifekniveswifewiveslifelivesleafleavesroofroofsbeliefbeliefs(2)有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不是以加s或es構(gòu)成， 它們的不規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成形式如下：變化規(guī)則例詞變內(nèi)部元音詞尾加en或ren單復(fù)數(shù)同形manmenwomanwomenfootfeetmousemicegoosegeesetoothteethoxoxenchildchildrenfish, sheep, deer, means(方

3、式； 方法), series, Chinese, Swiss2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)一般來說， 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)的， 因此沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式， 一般也不能用a或an修飾。 通常只用作不可數(shù)名詞的名詞有： milk, homework, housework, weather, news, information, bread, advice, progress, equipment, meat, fun, luggage, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空間), man(人類)等。 1表示某種特征、 狀態(tài)、 情感的抽象概念的不可數(shù)名詞， 可以與不定冠詞a(n)

4、連用， 表示具體的人或物。 主要有： 抽象名詞具體化抽象名詞具體意義surprise驚訝success成功pride驕傲pleasure高興pity同情failure失敗relief安慰concern關(guān)心beauty美麗a surprise讓人吃驚的人或事a success成功的人或事a pride讓人驕傲的人或事a pleasure令人高興的事a pity令人遺憾的事a failure失敗的人或事a relief令人感到寬慰的事a concern關(guān)心的事a beauty美麗的人或事2.注意某些物質(zhì)名詞可個體化為可數(shù)名詞， 如a coffee一杯咖啡； two teas兩杯茶； a paper

5、一篇論文等。 考查名詞固定搭配在具體語境中的運(yùn)用。 常見的固定搭配：名詞的固定搭配動詞名詞介詞名詞have/ gain access to取得的使用機(jī)會in great demand需求量很大take place發(fā)生beyond recognition認(rèn)不出來take advantage of利用out of question毫無疑問make room for為騰出空間on condition that以為條件， 只要make contact with與取得聯(lián)系on the whole從整體而言， 總的來說make a compromise妥協(xié)in possession of擁有catch s

6、ight of突然看見in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處give a solution解決beyond belief難以置信單句語法填空1(2016太原模擬)The little boy ate so many_(potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. 2(2016臨沂二模)The ALS makes peoples muscles become hard. It is hard for the patients to move. Stephen Hocking is one of the_(suffer). 3As we kno

7、w, New Zealand is famous for its beautiful scenery and _(place) of interest.potatoessufferersplaces4(2014全國卷語法填空)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 5. (2015全國卷語法

8、填空)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their_(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 6. Its too early to declare his efforts to be a_(successful)changesabilitysuccess冠詞的基本用法1不定冠詞的基本用法(1)用在第一次提到的人或物的名詞前， 表泛指。 At that time, I was

9、working in a factory. The factory produces various car parts. 那時(shí)， 我在一家工廠工作。 那家工廠生產(chǎn)各種汽車零部件。 (2)表示數(shù)量“一” 或“任何一個” 。 What would you like?你想喝點(diǎn)什么？ I would like a coffee and two beers. 我想喝一杯咖啡和兩瓶啤酒。 (3)用于序數(shù)詞前， 表示“又一， 再一” 。 He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance in the lon

10、g jump. 他在跳高比賽中錯失了金牌， 但是在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中他還有機(jī)會。 2定冠詞的基本用法(1)特指前面已提及的人或物， 或雙方都知道的人或物。 Take your timeits just a short distance from here to the restaurant. 不著急從這里到那家餐館只有很短的一段距離。 (2)用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、形容詞或分詞前，表示“一類人或物” 。 The explosion saw people rush to help the injured. 爆炸發(fā)生后， 人們趕到現(xiàn)場幫助受傷的人。 (3)用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞或副詞最高級以及形容詞only, ve

11、ry, same等之前。 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中國楊利偉是第一個登上太空的人。 (4)用于被限制性修飾語加以限定的人或物前。 (2015重慶高考單項(xiàng)填空)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask. 我剛聽說多拉工作的銀行被一個戴面具的持槍人搶劫了。 3零冠詞的基本用法(1)用于表示泛指的不可數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。 Keeping a diary is a good habit, by w

12、hich youll make great progress. 記日記是一個可以讓你取得進(jìn)步的好習(xí)慣。 (2)用于與by連用的表示交通工具、 通訊工具的名詞前。 Are you going there by plane or by ship?你是乘飛機(jī)還是乘船去那里？ (3)用于系動詞turn后的單數(shù)名詞作表語時(shí)。 After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager. 多年的努力工作之后， 湯姆成了工程師而瑪麗成了一名優(yōu)秀的經(jīng)理。 1常用固定結(jié)構(gòu)(1)用于“bythe表示計(jì)量單位的名詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)中， 表示“按

13、計(jì)算” 。 Its said John will be in a job paying over $60, 000 a year. 據(jù)說， 約翰將獲得一個年薪超過6萬美元的工作。 Right, he will also get paid by the week. 是的， 他的工資將按周支付。 (2)用于“the比較級.the比較級.” (越越)結(jié)構(gòu)中。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越小心， 就會越少犯錯誤。 冠詞用于固定搭配中2冠詞用在固定短語中(1)不定冠詞用于固定短語中at a loss不知所措，

14、 困惑all of a sudden 突然in a hurry 匆忙的as a rule 通常be on a visit 參觀； 拜訪as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上as a result 因此be on a diet 節(jié)食have a gift for 在某方面有天賦have/catch a cold 感冒make a living 謀生have/take a rest 休息in a way 從某種意義上說give sb. a lift 讓某人搭便車(2)定冠詞用于固定短語中at the moment 此刻； 目前at the same time 同時(shí)not in the le

15、ast 一點(diǎn)也不on the contrary 相反on the whole 總的來說to tell the truth 說實(shí)話in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處on the other hand 另一方面to the point 中肯； 切題make the most/best of 充分利用by the way 順便說一下go to the cinema/theater 去看電影/戲劇in the middle of 在中間in the family way 懷孕(3)零冠詞用于固定短語中on purpose 故意地by chance 碰巧catch/on fire 著火at dawn

16、/dusk 在黎明/黃昏out of date 過時(shí)by sea 乘船單句語法填空1(2015全國卷語法填空)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even_most modern of architects and engineers. 2(2016河南高考適應(yīng)性測試)We can broaden our horizons and know more about the world by watching_latest news and rep

17、orts. thethe3(2016南昌二模)Lionel Messi, _player from the South American country of Argentina, is the greatest soccer player alive today. 4(2016河南普通畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性練習(xí))English is now_international language. It is used in many aspects. 5The experiment turned out to be _ complete failure, which wasnt what they wante

18、d.6(2016河南羅山高中二模)I said, “You tell your sweet nephew that there are still nice people left who want to give them_hand in this world.” aanaa單句改錯1(2016太原二模)Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school. _2(2016河南六市第一次聯(lián)考)Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years. It came suddenly and went on for more than three hour