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1、語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)解析動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)(八大時(shí)態(tài))提詞語(yǔ)態(tài)(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)&被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞詞詞過(guò)去分詞形不定式式形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)或最高等詞性變換(名詞&動(dòng)詞&形容詞&副詞)詞義變換(派生詞)冠詞(a/an/the)介詞(in,on,at,behind,for,with,from.)代人稱(chēng)代詞(主格&賓格)純?cè)~物主代詞(形容詞性物主代詞&名詞性物主代詞)空反身代詞格指示代詞(this,that,these,those)形不定代詞(some,other,another,both,.)式疑問(wèn)代詞連隸屬連詞名詞性從句詞定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句并列連詞(but,however,so,and,).固定短語(yǔ)或句

2、型有提示詞的解題技巧一:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:若句子沒(méi)有其余謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,也許誠(chéng)然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí),所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。Hisfearoffailure_(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedexcitedly.keptThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_(close)mybookandwalkedaway.closedThreepeople_(take)toahospital,whi

3、leothersweretreatedatalocalclinic.weretakenShetoldhimthatshe_(bring)himthewaterintenminutes.wouldbring二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,又不是并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí),所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要確定用現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞,仍是不定式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式必然要考慮它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。技巧一:作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),平時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況,用不定式表示詳盡的情況。1.Butitisnotenoughonly_(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.解析:因it是形式

4、主語(yǔ),后邊用不定式作真切的主語(yǔ),故填tomemorize。2._(speak)outyourfeelingwontmakeyoufeelashamed.解析:句中已有謂語(yǔ)wontmake,所以speak應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;謂語(yǔ)前面應(yīng)為主語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ),表示一般情況,要用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),故填Speaking。技巧二:作目的狀語(yǔ)也許在形容詞后作狀語(yǔ),一般用不定式。1._(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.解析:因句中已有謂語(yǔ)willhavetowork,所以complete應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;因“(為了)按計(jì)劃完成這項(xiàng)工程”是“

5、我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時(shí)”的目的,作目的狀語(yǔ),用動(dòng)詞不定式,故填Tocomplete。Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_(succeed).解析:因在形容詞likely后作狀語(yǔ),要用動(dòng)詞不定式,故填tosucceed。技巧三:作陪同狀語(yǔ),常用分詞,與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞,與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞。這樣的題一般要特別注意空格前的逗號(hào)。1.Hesawthestone,_(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.”解析:句中已有

6、謂語(yǔ)saw,所給動(dòng)詞與saw不是并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)當(dāng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;又因He與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填saying作陪同狀語(yǔ)。2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,_(follow)bytheforeignguests.解析:句中已有謂語(yǔ)went,而follow又不是與之并列的,故為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;又因theheadmaster與follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作陪同狀語(yǔ)。Therewillbeameeting,_(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.解析:因ameeting與start是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明ameeting,故

7、填starting。Lessons_(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.解析:因句中已有謂語(yǔ)canhelp,所以learn應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;又因lesson與learn是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,要用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),故填learned。特別提示有時(shí)給出的動(dòng)詞可能既不是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也不是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而是要求詞類(lèi)變換。如:ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather_(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析:括號(hào)中所給詞choose誠(chéng)然是動(dòng)詞,但在句中作主語(yǔ),且在形容詞性物主

8、代詞后,應(yīng)當(dāng)填choose的名詞形式choice。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的比較練習(xí):1.Heenteredtheroom,_(hold)abookinhishand.holdingHeenteredtheroomand_(hold)abookinhishand.held2.Ipolitelyrefusedherinvitationand_(walk)away.walkedIpolitelyrefusedherinvitation,_(walk)away.walking3.Aboy_(call)Jackcameheretoday.calledAboywho_(call)Jackcamehereto

9、day.wascalled4.Weenjoythemovie_(direct)byafamousartist.directedWeenjoythemoviewhich_(direct)byafamousartist.wasdirectedWhenI_(hear)thenews,Iwasexcited.heardWhen_(hear)thenews,Iwasexcited.hearingUnlessI_(invite),Iwon,tattendtheparty.wasinvitedUnless_(invite),Iwontattendtheparty.invited三給出的提示詞是形容詞或副詞當(dāng)

10、括號(hào)中所給的詞是形容詞或副詞,且依照句義空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞,則可能填該詞的比較級(jí)或最高等。Heisoneofthe_(great)manthatIhaveeverknown.greatest_(luck)thanotherstudentsinherclass,shewasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.LuckierWhenheseesotherstudents_(good)thanhim,heusuallythinkthattheyhavehigherIQ.betterAtfirstwewantedtoflybecauseitwouldbe_(fast)an

11、dwouldsaveusmoretime.fasterThe_(big)andmostpowerfulanimalintheforestwasthebear.biggestThe_(young)angelwasveryangryandblametheolderangel.younger解技巧:若兩者之比,也許有than,就用比不出than,即省略了“than+比象”種含式比,要注境地理解注意“l(fā)ess/least+原”的降比若是多者之比,也許有in、of等介短表示比范,要用最高比前可用abit、alittle表示稍稍,一點(diǎn);用much、alot表示“得多”、even表示“更加”asas之用原最

12、高前要有the(1)Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould.Hejumpedeven_(hard)andnearlymadehimselfout.harder(2)The_(strong)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.strongerOfthetwocoats,Ichoosedthe_(cheap)onetosparesomemoneyforabook.cheaper(4)Youaredrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabit_(slow)?slower(5)Thiswashingmachineis

13、environmentallyfriendlybecauseituses_(little)waterandelectricitythanoldermodels.less(6)ThemelontheSmithsservedatdinnerwouldhavetasted_(good)ifithadbeenputinthefridgeforalittlewhile.better三、性依照在句子所作句子成分確定用哪一種形式。作表、定或,平時(shí)用形容。如:Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell_(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.解析:因在

14、系felt后作表,用形容,故填silent。Ina_(danger)partofthesea,theylosttheirway.解析:在冠詞與名詞之間,要用形容詞,作定語(yǔ),故填dangerous。Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents_(interest)inthesubject.解析:因所填詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)mostoftheirstudents的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),用形容詞;表示“感興趣”,填interested。作主語(yǔ),或在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語(yǔ),用名詞。WhenChinaancientsscientificandtechnological_(

15、achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.解析:在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,要求填的詞作主語(yǔ),Chinasancientscientificandtechnological是主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ);作主語(yǔ)要用名詞,又由are可知,主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),故填achievements。Thesepeoplehavemadegreat_(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.解析:在句中作及物動(dòng)詞havemade的賓語(yǔ),要用名詞形式;表示作貢獻(xiàn),其前面沒(méi)有不定冠詞時(shí),習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù),故填contribut

16、ions。在形容詞性物主代詞后,也許在“冠詞(+形容詞)”后,用名詞。如:Their_(happy)isbasedonmoney.解析:在形容詞性物代詞(their)后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞,故填happiness。The_(operate)ofthesystemisverydifficult.解析:在冠詞后,要用名詞,故填operation。修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,或整個(gè)句子,作狀語(yǔ),用副詞形式。如:AsIlooked_(close)atthisgirl,Ifoundthatshewasntuglyatall.解析:修飾動(dòng)詞looked,作狀語(yǔ),用副詞,故填closely。Theremustbesome

17、thing_(serious)wrongwithoursociety.解析:要求填的詞修飾形容詞wrong,作狀語(yǔ),用副詞,故填seriously。SinglesareflockingtotheInternet_(main)becausetheirbusylifestylesleavethemlittletime.解析:修飾because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,修飾整個(gè)句子,作狀語(yǔ),用副詞,故填mainly。_(fortunate),onlytwostudentscanpassthefinalexam.解析:修飾整個(gè)句子,作狀語(yǔ),用副詞,且依照句意可知,要表達(dá)“不幸的是”,故填Unfortunat

18、ely派生詞:有可能是詞義變換題,詞類(lèi)或詞性不用然要變,主若是察看擁有與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需要句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系,需要在詞前加前綴un-,im-,dis-等,或在該詞后加后綴-lessPeoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis,noknowledgeis_(use).解析:作表語(yǔ)要用形容詞;又由句意可知,作者是表達(dá)“沒(méi)有什么知識(shí)是無(wú)用的”,故填useless。Yourmistakecausedalotof_(necessary)workintheoffice.解

19、析:在名詞前作定語(yǔ),仍用形容詞形式;但依照句意,“錯(cuò)誤引起了好多不用要的麻煩事”,故填unnecessary。(im)possible(im)polite(un)happy(un)healthy(un)kindcare(less)home(less)use(less)(dis)likeWhatwouldyoudoifyoufailed?Manypeoplemaychoosetogiveup._1_,thesurestwaytosuccessistokeepyourdirectionandstick_2_yourgoal.Onyourwaytosuccess,you_3_keepyourdire

20、ction.Itisjustlikealamp,guidingyouindarknessand_4_(help)youovercomeobstaclesonyourway._5_,youwilleasilygetlostorhesitatetogoahead.Directionmeansobjectives.Youcangetnowhere_6_anobjectiveinlife.Youcantrytowriteyourobjectiveonpaperandmakesomeplanstoachieve_7_.Onlyinthisway_8_youknowhowtoarrangeyourtime

21、andtospendyourtime_9_(proper)Andyoushouldalsohaveabelief_10_youaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.【解析】本文告我,要想成功,最可靠的方法就是持你的方向和目。1However與前句是折關(guān)系,空格前后都有點(diǎn),用副however。2tostickto意“持”。3must由境揣摸出作者的氣,句意:在通往成功的路上,你必持你的方向。4helping與guiding并列,一起充明alamp,故用在分。5Otherwise由本句與前句的關(guān)系可知,要填表示“否”的othe

22、rwise。6without句意:人生若是沒(méi)有目,你將一事無(wú)成。7itit指代yourobjective。8will/can句意:只有,你才會(huì)知道9properly修spend作狀用副。10that引同位從句,從句中不缺句子成分,且意完滿(mǎn),故填that。法填空:空格的解技巧一、冠(一)不定冠詞a,an的用法1表示泛指,泛指任何的、不限制的或首Longlongaago,therewas_littlegirl次提到的人或事物wholivedwithsevenlittleman.a2表示“每一”,相當(dāng)于every,oneWestudyeighthours_day.aa和an的差異:a用于輔音開(kāi)頭的單

23、詞前,an用于元音開(kāi)頭的單詞前Thereis_“u”intheword”use”.Asweallknow,_hourisequalto60minutes.(二)定冠詞the的用法:1234表特指(1)特指上文已提到過(guò)的人或事物(2)用于帶后置定語(yǔ)的名詞前,表示特定的人或事物(3)特指說(shuō)話(huà)雙方都知道或能體會(huì)到的人或事物表類(lèi)指(1)用于形容詞前表示一類(lèi)人(2)用于分詞前表示一類(lèi)人(3)與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用表種類(lèi)表獨(dú)指用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前慣用法(1)用于樂(lè)器名稱(chēng)前Thereisapenhere._penismine.Thewaterin_bottleisclean.Pleaseturnon_r

24、adio._richand_poorshouldbetreatedequal.Thedoctoristakingcareof_injuredand_dying.thedying緊急的人_horseisausefulanimal._earthturnsaround_sun.Hebegantoplay_violinattheageofsix.(2)表示“一家人”或“夫婦”_Greens格林一家/格林夫婦(3)用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞和副詞的Ofthetwocoats,Iprefer_cheaperone.比較級(jí)和最高等前(4)用于由一般名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有_UnitedStates_PeoplesRepubl

25、icofChina名詞前(5)用于江河、海洋、山脈等名詞_HimalayaMountains,_YellowRiver,_TaiwanIsland前(6)用于方向名詞前in_east/west/north/south(7)用于世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代in_1990s/1990s在20世紀(jì)90年代冠詞練習(xí):Hetalkedtousin_unusualway.anIsatnexttothemanandintroducemyself.Wehad_amazingconversationan.Onemorninghewaswalkingalongthestreetwhenastrangerstoppedhim.”

26、Well,”answered_stranger,“areyoustillwillingtotakeachance?”theJohn,thereis_Mr.Wilsononthephoneforyou.AAyoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater._waterwassweet.The二、介詞介詞包括表時(shí)間、方向、方式的介詞on,in,at,with,by,through等。若是名詞、代詞前是空格,且該名詞或代詞不是作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或表語(yǔ),而更多是作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),很可能填介詞。別的,含有介詞的固定搭配要積累。1、

27、IdidntwanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidntlikeleavinghim_owneither.onononeeown=byoneself獨(dú)自地,靠自己地2、Theyoungmanwenthome_ahappyheart.with3、Hewasverytired_doingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappy.from/after4、Ifyoustillhaventgotamotto,pleasechooseonebecauseamottocanhaveagreatinfluence_you.on5、Themac

28、hineworks_itself.by6、ItsunbelievablethatJohnfelloffthetruck_beinghurt.without7、Rosewaswildwithjoy_theresultoftheexam.as8、Assoonasheenteredtheroom,hetook_hiscapandsatdownoff.9、Thenumberoftheemployeeshasgrownfrom1000to1200.Thismeansthatithasrisen_20percent.by三、代詞代詞的種類(lèi)眾多,包括人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、反身代詞和指示代詞等,其中近

29、來(lái)幾年來(lái)對(duì)代詞it在句中指代事物,作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的用法較常有。若是句子缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),那必然是填名詞或代詞,名詞一般都是詞性變換,所以沒(méi)給出提示詞的,一般都是填代詞。1.Scientistsinthefuturewillcertainlyfindotherwaystomakelifelastlonger._willfindcuresformorediseases缺.人稱(chēng)代詞,且作主格,填TheyAsateenager,Tomspentsummersworkingasalifeguard.Fortyyearslater,_becametheoldestpresident.缺人稱(chēng)代詞,且作主

30、格,填he“Iamdisappointedthatyouliedtome,Jack.Iamangry,notwith_,butwithmyself”.Dadsaid.缺人稱(chēng)代詞,且作賓格,填you4.Tomisakind-heartedman,soyoucanask_forhelp缺.人稱(chēng)代詞,且作賓語(yǔ),填himTheboyhadmisunderstoodthedoctor.Hethoughtthathewasgoingtogivehissisterall_blood.缺形容詞性物主代詞,填his6.Hereismydictionary.Maybe_isonthetable.Ifyoustil

31、lcantfindit,youmayaskyourmotherforhelp.缺主語(yǔ),且沒(méi)有提示詞,所以依照句意,缺名詞性物主代詞,填yours7.-CouldIborrowyoupen?-Yes,help_.缺反身代詞,填yourself.8.Byplayinggames,theycannotonlyacquireknowledge,butalsocultivatetheirabilitiestogetalongwith_.Others9.Ofthetwoforeignguests,oneisfromLondon,_isfromNewYork.Theother10.Heaskedhistea

32、cher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike_?”it11.Sherememberedhowdifficult_wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.12.Ithink_necessarythatwedrinkplentyofwatereveryday.it四、連詞若是兩個(gè)句子(即兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào),也沒(méi)有關(guān)系詞連接或引導(dǎo),則填并列連詞或隸屬連詞。并列連詞:包括表轉(zhuǎn)折but,while,however,or,otherwise;并列and;因果because,so等連

33、詞。隸屬連詞:包括that,who,which,where,when,as等。Heansweredallmyquestions_wetalkedforoveranhour.andIpatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseat_tookadeepbreathtohelprelaxmyself.andIthoughtwewouldbelatefortheconcert,_weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.butYouhavefailedtwotests.Youdbetterstartworkingharder,_youwontpass

34、thecourse.orIdliketostudylawatuniversity_mycousinprefersgeography.whileTheywantedtocharge$5,000forthecar,_wemanagedtobringthepricedown.butPeoplefromblackcountryareveryfriendly._,theirlocaldialectisdifficulttounderstand.However五、固定搭配或句型1.依照重申句結(jié)構(gòu)“is/was+It被重申部分+that/who+句子剩下部分”判斷空格處填it仍是that._wasonlya

35、fterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldnmeat.ItteatItwasinthepark_Jackmetyoursisteryesterday.that2.若是句子結(jié)構(gòu)完滿(mǎn),空格后是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形,而且上下文時(shí)態(tài)和謂語(yǔ)形式不是很一致時(shí),則考慮以下兩種情況:(1)填表示重申的助動(dòng)詞However,anawfulaccident_happenyesterday.didAsweallknow,Mary_practicespeakingEnglisheveryday.does(2)以only+狀語(yǔ)(從句)位于句首,句子要部分倒裝句,即把be動(dòng)詞

36、、助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)的前面。Onlythen_IrealizethatIwaswrong.didOnlyinthisway_youabletodoitwell.areIwasalwaystoldthatthethreePs,patience,positivethinkingandperseverance,wereasurepath1_success.Butthisadvicedoesnotalwaysworkasplanned.Myhighschoolmathsexamisoneexample.Theexam,2_wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,3_(cha

37、nge)tothelibraryatthelastminute.This,4,didntbothermebecausemathshadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax5_.Butmymoodchangedquickly_Isawthefirstquestion.Ihadnoideahowtodoit.Itriedtostaypositive7_Ifinallyfoundthesolution.Withtheproblem8_

38、(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.9_(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft10_(complete)therest.1.to2.which3.waschanged4.however5.myself6.when/as22.until8.solved9.Unfortunately10tocompleteMorethan2000yearsago,therelivedayoungmanintheShoulingareaoftheStateofYan.1_(lack)self-confidence,hewas

39、2_alossastohowtobehaveallthetime.3_thedayswentby,he4_(feel)thathiswalkinggesturesweretooclumsyandawkward.Oneday,hemetsomepeopleontheroadwhowerechattingandlaughing.5_ofthemsaidthatpeopleinHandanwalked6_(grace).Andthatwasjust7_hewasmostconcernedabout,sohewenttoHandan,8_wasfaraway,tolearnhowtowalk.Asso

40、onashearrivedinHandan,helearnedfromthechildrentherehowtowalk,9_hethoughtthatthechildrenswalkinggestureswerelively.Helearnedfromtheoldpeopletherehowtowalk,becausehethoughttheoldpeopleswalkinggesturesweresteady.Helearnedfromthewomentherehowtowalk,becausehethoughtthewomenswavingwalkinggestureswerebeaut

41、iful.Thatbeingthecasewithhim,inlessthanhalf10_monthheevenforgothowtowalk.Ashehadalreadyuseduphistravelingexpenses,hehadtocrawl.Lacking。因he與lack是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),表示原因。at。固定短語(yǔ):ataloss茫然,不知如何是好。asto至于,關(guān)于As。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“隨著”。felt。由上下文可知,用一般去。One。指其中之一,用故oneofthem。gracefully。修作狀,用副gracefully。what。引表從句并在從句中

42、作about的,故用接代what。which。引非限制性定從句并在從句中作主,只能用which。because。a。搭配:halfamonth半個(gè)月。Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater._31_waterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoelder_32_hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman_33_.(present)thewatert

43、otheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled_34_(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome_35_ahappyheart.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet_36_studenttastethewater.Hespititout,_37_(say)itwasawful.Apparently,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,Sir,”thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike_38_?”T

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