跨文化交際考試重點(diǎn)歸納

1、文檔編碼 : CX6T7B8X3R10 HJ9L7T2O9O5 ZN3O6G4W6A3學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),僅供參考題型：part I, True or False,30% （提示同學(xué)在答題時要正確的畫 A,錯的畫 B）15x2 （除第八章）part II. Multiple Choices 20%, 20 x1.2,4,5 細(xì)節(jié) Part III. Cultural Puzzles 10% 與課后習(xí)題中的 cultrual puzzles 類似,不過是四個選項,范疇為課后習(xí)題中的 案例） 5X2. cultural puzzles 和我們在每個單元劃出的重點(diǎn)Part IV . Term Mat

2、ching 15%（名詞說明,從備選的 terms 中選擇與其對應(yīng)的definitions , 要考到的 terms 都已經(jīng)發(fā)給大家）15x1. Part V. Short-Answer Questions 15% 5X3. 簡答題,范疇在我們劃過的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)）Part VI. Case Study 10% 課外案例分析,閱讀一個案例,回答三個小問題,題目不會超出課內(nèi)講解的內(nèi)容）10 x1. 要補(bǔ)充的重點(diǎn)為 p114, （E. Discover the meaning of some common gestures in English, p129, B. What are the charact

3、eristics of feminine talk and masculine talk respectively unit 5 和 Unit 2 ,Unit 4culturally-loaded words,以及每另外讓同學(xué)深化爭論單元的重點(diǎn)案例,以及單元后面的練習(xí)A, B 劃過的問答題） ,C Euphemism Understanding, 以及 E cultural puzzles Terms Unit 1 1. Economic globalization:經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化the integration of national economies into the internationa

4、l economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. 2. Global village:地球村 All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet. 3. Melting pot: 大 熔 爐 a socio-cultural assi

5、milation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities. 4. Cultural Diversity:文化多樣性the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-culturesto which members belong. 5. Intercultural communication:跨文化交際 communication between people whose cultura

6、l perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.6. Culture:文化 a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people. 7. Enculturation:文化適應(yīng) all the activities of learning ones cul

7、ture are called enculturation. 8. Acculturation:文化傳入the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures. 9. Ethnocentrism:民族優(yōu)越感 superior. 學(xué)習(xí)資料the belief that your own cultural background is 學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),僅供參考10. Communicatio

8、n:交際 to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.（以下為 components of communication PS: what is the difference between encoding & decoding Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.Decoding is the process of assigning m

9、eaning to the symbols received. 11. Source發(fā)送信息的人 The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.12.Encoding編碼 Unfortunately or perhaps fortunately, humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your communication is in the form of a symbol representing the idea you desire t

10、o communicate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.13.Message信息 The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resulting object.14.Channel 渠道 The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded m

11、essage is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.15.Noise噪音 The term noise technically refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes. 16.Receiver接的人 The receiver is the person who attends to

12、 the message.17.Decoding解碼 Decoding is the opposite process of encoding and just as much an active process. The receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received. 18.Receiver response反饋 The receiver is the person who attends to the message. Recei

13、ver response refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message. 19.Feedback反饋 Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning. 20.Context 語境 The final component of commu

14、nication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication. 精講案例 Case 1 p.1 case 2 p.2 摸索題1、what are the four trends that lead to the development of the global village. P8-9+ 簡要說明convenient transportation

15、systems innovative communication systems economic globalization widespread migrations 2. What are the three ingredients of culture. Artifactsthe material and spiritual products people produce Behaviorwhat they do 學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),僅供參考Conceptwhat they think 3. How to understand cultural iceberg. P7 The

16、aspects of culture that are explicit,visible,taught. The aspects of culture that are intangible and not taught directly. 4. What are the characteristic of culture. Shared ,learned,dynamic,ethnocentric文化中心主義）,5. What are the characteristic of communication. Dynamic,irreversible,symbolic,systematic,tr

17、ansactional,contextual Unit 2-4 11. Pragmatics:語 用 學(xué)the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior. 12. Semantics:語意 the study of the meaning of words. 13. Denotation:字面意思the literal meaning or definition of a word - the explicit, particular, defined meaning. 14. Connota

18、tion:弦外之音 the suggestive meaning of a word - all the values, judgments, and beliefs implied by a word, the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken significance behind the literal meaning. 15. Taboo:禁忌語 some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or i

19、n certain culture for religious or social reasons. 16. Euphemism:委婉語 the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive. 精講案例 Case 1, case 2p.17 case 4 p. 19 Case 2 p 43 case 3 p.45 Case 1 p.67 case 3 p.69 摸索題6. How is Chinese addressing different f

20、rom American addressing. p.33 The Americans tend to address only with given names while the Chinese may use the full name. Even when the full names are used in some formal occasions by the Americans,the given names would be placed before the surname while the Chinese would do the opposite. Chinese o

21、ften extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage while the Americans seldom do so. The Chinese tend to address the people with titles but in English only a few occupation or titles could be used. 7. What are the social functions of compliments. p.60 答案 p50 第一段 Compliments have a

22、series of social functions: creating or reinforcing solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism, starting a conversation, or even overcoming embarrassment. Unit 5 17. Chronemics:時間學(xué) The study of how people perceive and use time. 18. Mono

23、chronic time:一元時間概念 學(xué)習(xí)資料paying attention to and doing only one thing 學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),僅供參考at a time. 19. Polychronic time:多元時間概念being involved with many things at once.20. Proxemics:空間學(xué) the perception and use of space.21. Kinetics:身勢學(xué) the study of body language22. Paralanguage:幫忙語言involving sounds but not

24、words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication. 精講案例 case 1 p. 85 case 3 p.87 case 5, 6 p.90 case 7 p.91 摸索題8. What are the different features of M-time and P-time. p97 M-time means paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time. M-time is noted for its emphasis on schedules, seg

25、mentation and promptness. It features one event at a time. Time is perceived as a linear structure and something concrete tangible. P-time means being involved with many things at once. P-time is less rigid and clock-bound. It features several activities at the same time. It is more flexible and hum

26、an-centered. 9. what is the meaning of common gestures in English. P114 答案 P233-234 Unit 6 精講案例 case 1 p.115 case 2 p.116 p.124-126 中的小案例 摸索題9. How is gender different from sex. （p.129） 答案 P.119/120 10. What has influenced the gender socialization. There are two primary influences on gender socializ

27、ation: family communication, particularly between mothers and children and recreational interaction among children. 11. What are the six principles for effective cross-gender communication. p. 129 答案 127-128 Suspend judgement, recognize the validity of different communication styles, provide transla

28、tion cues, enlarge your own communication style, suspend judgement. 12. what are the characteristics of feminine talk and masculine talk respectively. P123 Unit 7 精講案例 case 1 p.137 case 3 p.13913. Discuss the concepts of high context culture and low context culture p153 結(jié)合 最終一個單元中 ppt 的講解,明白 high-co

29、ntext culture 和 low-context culture 兩個 概念 A high-context communication or message is one in which most of the information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly 學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),僅供參考transmitted part of the message. In high-context cultures, verbal messages have little m

30、eaning without the surrounding context, which includes the overall relationship between all the people engaged in communication. 緘默是金； 一切盡在不言中； 心 有靈犀一點(diǎn)通 A low context communication is the just the opposite; i.e. the mass of the information is vested in the explicit code. High-context culture low-con

31、text culture Japanese Chinese Korean American . German German-Swiss Unit 9 23. A planetary culture:行星文化 western science and rationalism.a culture that integrates eastern mysticism with 24. Intercultural person:跨文化的人 represents someone whose cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics are not limited but open to growth beyond the psychological parameters of his or her own culture.摸索題13. What are the American/Chinese cultural values like in terms of Cultural Orientation put forward by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck.（p