民族植物學(xué)-打開(kāi)植物資源寶庫(kù)的金鑰匙課件

1、感謝各位同學(xué)、同仁的光臨！9/25/2022龍春林, KIB-CAS2006.10.31. 昆明民族植物學(xué)9/25/2022民族植物學(xué)小荷才露尖尖角Ethnobotany民族植物學(xué)，人文植物學(xué)民族植物學(xué)創(chuàng)立于1895年，但它是正在發(fā)展的一個(gè)跨學(xué)科研究領(lǐng)域，研究與探索人和植物之間全面關(guān)系的學(xué)科，是自然科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)相互滲透的學(xué)科。它在我國(guó)還處于發(fā)展初期，然而具有巨大的生命力，它的發(fā)展將對(duì)我國(guó)各民族、各地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要的影響。9/25/2022相關(guān)學(xué)科和領(lǐng)域眾人拾柴火焰高民族生物學(xué)：Ethnobiology民族生態(tài)學(xué)：Ethnoecology民族藥物學(xué)：Ethnopharmacology文化

2、人類(lèi)學(xué)：Cultural Anthropology傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)：Indigenous Knowledge生物多樣性：Biological Diversity文化多樣性：Cultural Diversity人類(lèi)生態(tài)學(xué)：Human Ecology9/25/2022民族植物學(xué)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展任我行民族植物學(xué)研究人對(duì)植物的食物利用、藥物利用、日常生計(jì)利用、經(jīng)濟(jì)利益、文化利用，以及植物對(duì)人和人類(lèi)社會(huì)的影響民族植物學(xué)在發(fā)掘天然藥物、天然美容化妝品和功能保健食品中正發(fā)揮越來(lái)越重要的作用新技術(shù)和手段的應(yīng)用，推動(dòng)學(xué)科發(fā)展和在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)及社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的利用：藥物化學(xué)，分子生物學(xué)，植物生物技術(shù)，保護(hù)生物學(xué)，植物遺傳資源學(xué)9/2

3、5/2022Ottelia acuminata, wild edible aquatic plant occurring on Yunnan Plateau9/25/2022Arisaema erubescence & A. franchetiana, used as medicine and animal fodder9/25/2022芝加哥模式惟有源頭活水來(lái)A World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, at the College of Pharmacy, University of I

4、llinois at Chicago (UIC).With 11 professors of pharmacognosy, UICs College of Pharmacy has the largest pharmacognosy group in the United States. It enjoys an international reputation as a center for the study of biologically active natural products. The groups stature stems in part from its plant ex

5、ploration and collection programs, focused on drug discovery, and its extraordinary success in isolating and identifying compounds from plants with high potential as candidates for drug development. 9/25/2022英國(guó)邱園模式挖出莊園“土財(cái)主”的“金元寶”The loss of local knowledge - be it about plants or anything else - is

6、one of the side-effects of globalization and rapidly changing societies. While this issue is recognized in the tropics, and is receiving a lot of attention from those concerned with development and the conservation of cultural and biological diversity, it is not the case here at home. The UK has lon

7、g been industrialized and ranks among the most developed of regions. Yet studies have shown that fragments of knowledge passed down through a long oral tradition still exist among older people. Its value increases the more it is lost as time passes.9/25/2022英國(guó)邱園模式一枝紅杏出墻來(lái)African Wild Harvest is a col

8、laboration between the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the UK Medical Research Council Resource Centre for Human Nutrition Research (HNR). It began in February 2002 and aims to bridge the fields of botany, nutrition, relief and development. Primer funding was provided by the Nestl UK Charitable Trus

9、t. The Sausage Tree(Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth.) Seeds roasted and eaten; Fruit used in beer fermentation; Used in traditional medicine African Cucumber(Momordica balsamina L.) Widespread throughout the dry tropics Wild food in Ethiopia and Sudan; Leaves, fruits and seeds eaten 9/25/2022Dr. Peter

10、 Raven的民族植物學(xué)情結(jié)外來(lái)和尚會(huì)念經(jīng)，況“大佛爺”也？/bicentennial/bios/frontiers/bios_raven.htmlPeter H. Raven, an accomplished botanist, was born in Shanghai. He received a B.A. with highest honors from UC Berkeley (1957) and a Ph.D. from UCLA (1960). He was a National Science fellow in UK. He became the director of the

11、 Missouri Botanical Garden. An authority on plant taxonomy, especially of the fuschia family, he also made major contributions to the ethnobotany of Mayan Mexico, coevolution, and population ecology. He is the author of numerous books and articles including Biology of Plants. 9/25/2022Dr. Peter Rave

12、n榮獲2000年度國(guó)家科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)不知是否與我們的國(guó)家最高科技成就獎(jiǎng)等同？獎(jiǎng)金應(yīng)該很高吧？/ebl/raven.htmPeter Raven Winner of National Medal of Science 2000EBL would like to congratulate Dr. Peter Raven as a winner of the National Medal of Science 2000. Dr. Raven has authored over 550 papers and books in numerous subjects, including ethnobotany.

13、Dr. Raven is the only National Medal Winner this year to have ethnobotany associated with his name in the National Science Foundations press release describing the winners. For more information on the National Medal Winners see: /od/lpa/news/media/2000/9/25/2022身邊的故事現(xiàn)身說(shuō)法11980年代中期，中國(guó)科學(xué)院云南熱帶植物研究所、昆明植物

14、研究所與日本山之內(nèi)制藥株式會(huì)社簽署合作協(xié)議，日方提供150萬(wàn)美元，中方提供云南民間使用的藥用植物的樣品。該項(xiàng)目是兩個(gè)研究所成立以來(lái)最大的國(guó)際合作項(xiàng)目。項(xiàng)目的主要實(shí)施者由民族植物學(xué)家、植物化學(xué)家組成。雙方從該項(xiàng)目獲益匪淺：中方裝備更新、人才培養(yǎng)、學(xué)科影響；日方合作申報(bào)專(zhuān)利9/25/2022身邊的故事現(xiàn)身說(shuō)法2讓民族植物學(xué)家尋找新資源的人們：韓國(guó)LG公司；英國(guó)P&G公司；奧地利55pharma New Drug Discovery AG；美國(guó)Ball園藝公司；日本植物園協(xié)會(huì)；國(guó)際茶花協(xié)會(huì)；9/25/2022幾種資源植物一般人我不告訴他9/25/2022Ethnic people tradition

15、ally grow lacquer trees interplanted with upland food crops in swidden fields. During a 10-15 year fallow period, farmers can harvest various products from lacquer trees, including resin for selling or trading, leafy shoots for vegetable, pericarps for making wax, roots and leaves for pesticide, dry

16、 resin for medicine, and seeds for vegetable oil extraction. The ethnic people believe the lacquer tree is the most important crop in their community. 9/25/2022Alder (Alnus nepalensis), an important non-legume nitrogen-fixing plant species, widely occurs in the eastern Himalayas. In traditional agro

17、ecosystems of Asia, the alder is commonly used as a fallow tree, or intercropped with crops. There has been a growing concern about ecological and economical values of the alder which has resulted in far more interest in the utilization of this species.Multiple functions for sustainable agriculture

18、9/25/2022Grant supported by the MacArthur Foundation and UNEP地涌金蓮9/25/2022圓穗蓼Polygonum macrophyllum當(dāng)?shù)孛簉ang qu根，水煎服清熱解毒、止瀉止痢大王馬先蒿 Pedicularis rex當(dāng)?shù)孛篴 ra bura莖、葉、花，水煎服清熱利尿9/25/2022青稞種質(zhì)資源研究Genetic resources of Hordeum vulgare var. nudumTwelve landraces could be collected from the same upland barley f

19、ield.Over 40 traditional landraces of upland barley had been investigated from a single Tibetan village.9/25/2022研究進(jìn)展紅頭瑤藥浴植物研究獨(dú)特性：藥浴是一種傳統(tǒng)療法；有效性：用于滋補(bǔ)、皮膚病和婦科病等；婦女的權(quán)利：對(duì)于藥浴植物的鑒定，采集，利用和銷(xiāo)售都主要是婦女參與；多樣性和新發(fā)現(xiàn)：紀(jì)錄了110個(gè)種，其中6個(gè)種屬于新紀(jì)錄。9/25/2022 Red-headed Yao women are selling herbs used in medicinal baths on the m

20、arket day9/25/2022Herbs used in medicinal baths部分浴用草藥Murraya tetramera Pratia nummularia Coptis chinensis Stall Senecio scandens9/25/2022研究進(jìn)展滇中地區(qū)彝族藥研究有效性：用于跌打損傷、胃腸道疾病和感冒等；多樣性和新發(fā)現(xiàn)：紀(jì)錄了115個(gè)種，其中25個(gè)種屬于新紀(jì)錄；實(shí)用性：為進(jìn)一步的植物化學(xué)、藥理學(xué)及臨床研究尋找新藥提供新資源9/25/2022民族植物學(xué)想說(shuō)愛(ài)你不容易也曾輝煌：1987年，中國(guó)第一個(gè)民族植物學(xué)專(zhuān)門(mén)研究機(jī)構(gòu)在昆明植物研究所正式成立；但國(guó)內(nèi)缺乏經(jīng)費(fèi)支持我的1990：讓我歡喜讓我憂(yōu)！2002年的第一場(chǎng)“雪”：民族植物學(xué)研究室被撤消；2006，我不想說(shuō)：是耶，非耶？9/25/2022民族植物學(xué)我拿什么來(lái)拯救你野生食用植物資源研究；民族藥用植物資源研究；民間觀賞植物資源研究；傳統(tǒng)植物遺傳資源研究；研究方法和手段的創(chuàng)新：參與式方法、定量民族植物學(xué)方法、多樣性指數(shù)分析方法；植物化學(xué)、分子