民族植物學-打開植物資源寶庫的金鑰匙課件

1、感謝各位同學、同仁的光臨！9/25/2022龍春林, KIB-CAS2006.10.31. 昆明民族植物學9/25/2022民族植物學小荷才露尖尖角Ethnobotany民族植物學，人文植物學民族植物學創(chuàng)立于1895年，但它是正在發(fā)展的一個跨學科研究領(lǐng)域，研究與探索人和植物之間全面關(guān)系的學科，是自然科學和社會科學相互滲透的學科。它在我國還處于發(fā)展初期，然而具有巨大的生命力，它的發(fā)展將對我國各民族、各地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要的影響。9/25/2022相關(guān)學科和領(lǐng)域眾人拾柴火焰高民族生物學：Ethnobiology民族生態(tài)學：Ethnoecology民族藥物學：Ethnopharmacology文化

2、人類學：Cultural Anthropology傳統(tǒng)知識：Indigenous Knowledge生物多樣性：Biological Diversity文化多樣性：Cultural Diversity人類生態(tài)學：Human Ecology9/25/2022民族植物學的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展任我行民族植物學研究人對植物的食物利用、藥物利用、日常生計利用、經(jīng)濟利益、文化利用，以及植物對人和人類社會的影響民族植物學在發(fā)掘天然藥物、天然美容化妝品和功能保健食品中正發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用新技術(shù)和手段的應(yīng)用，推動學科發(fā)展和在國民經(jīng)濟及社會經(jīng)濟中的利用：藥物化學，分子生物學，植物生物技術(shù)，保護生物學，植物遺傳資源學9/2

3、5/2022Ottelia acuminata, wild edible aquatic plant occurring on Yunnan Plateau9/25/2022Arisaema erubescence & A. franchetiana, used as medicine and animal fodder9/25/2022芝加哥模式惟有源頭活水來A World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, at the College of Pharmacy, University of I

4、llinois at Chicago (UIC).With 11 professors of pharmacognosy, UICs College of Pharmacy has the largest pharmacognosy group in the United States. It enjoys an international reputation as a center for the study of biologically active natural products. The groups stature stems in part from its plant ex

5、ploration and collection programs, focused on drug discovery, and its extraordinary success in isolating and identifying compounds from plants with high potential as candidates for drug development. 9/25/2022英國邱園模式挖出莊園“土財主”的“金元寶”The loss of local knowledge - be it about plants or anything else - is

6、one of the side-effects of globalization and rapidly changing societies. While this issue is recognized in the tropics, and is receiving a lot of attention from those concerned with development and the conservation of cultural and biological diversity, it is not the case here at home. The UK has lon

7、g been industrialized and ranks among the most developed of regions. Yet studies have shown that fragments of knowledge passed down through a long oral tradition still exist among older people. Its value increases the more it is lost as time passes.9/25/2022英國邱園模式一枝紅杏出墻來African Wild Harvest is a col

8、laboration between the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the UK Medical Research Council Resource Centre for Human Nutrition Research (HNR). It began in February 2002 and aims to bridge the fields of botany, nutrition, relief and development. Primer funding was provided by the Nestl UK Charitable Trus

9、t. The Sausage Tree(Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth.) Seeds roasted and eaten; Fruit used in beer fermentation; Used in traditional medicine African Cucumber(Momordica balsamina L.) Widespread throughout the dry tropics Wild food in Ethiopia and Sudan; Leaves, fruits and seeds eaten 9/25/2022Dr. Peter

10、 Raven的民族植物學情結(jié)外來和尚會念經(jīng)，況“大佛爺”也？/bicentennial/bios/frontiers/bios_raven.htmlPeter H. Raven, an accomplished botanist, was born in Shanghai. He received a B.A. with highest honors from UC Berkeley (1957) and a Ph.D. from UCLA (1960). He was a National Science fellow in UK. He became the director of the

11、 Missouri Botanical Garden. An authority on plant taxonomy, especially of the fuschia family, he also made major contributions to the ethnobotany of Mayan Mexico, coevolution, and population ecology. He is the author of numerous books and articles including Biology of Plants. 9/25/2022Dr. Peter Rave

12、n榮獲2000年度國家科學獎不知是否與我們的國家最高科技成就獎等同？獎金應(yīng)該很高吧？/ebl/raven.htmPeter Raven Winner of National Medal of Science 2000EBL would like to congratulate Dr. Peter Raven as a winner of the National Medal of Science 2000. Dr. Raven has authored over 550 papers and books in numerous subjects, including ethnobotany.

13、Dr. Raven is the only National Medal Winner this year to have ethnobotany associated with his name in the National Science Foundations press release describing the winners. For more information on the National Medal Winners see: /od/lpa/news/media/2000/9/25/2022身邊的故事現(xiàn)身說法11980年代中期，中國科學院云南熱帶植物研究所、昆明植物

14、研究所與日本山之內(nèi)制藥株式會社簽署合作協(xié)議，日方提供150萬美元，中方提供云南民間使用的藥用植物的樣品。該項目是兩個研究所成立以來最大的國際合作項目。項目的主要實施者由民族植物學家、植物化學家組成。雙方從該項目獲益匪淺：中方裝備更新、人才培養(yǎng)、學科影響；日方合作申報專利9/25/2022身邊的故事現(xiàn)身說法2讓民族植物學家尋找新資源的人們：韓國LG公司；英國P&G公司；奧地利55pharma New Drug Discovery AG；美國Ball園藝公司；日本植物園協(xié)會；國際茶花協(xié)會；9/25/2022幾種資源植物一般人我不告訴他9/25/2022Ethnic people tradition

15、ally grow lacquer trees interplanted with upland food crops in swidden fields. During a 10-15 year fallow period, farmers can harvest various products from lacquer trees, including resin for selling or trading, leafy shoots for vegetable, pericarps for making wax, roots and leaves for pesticide, dry

16、 resin for medicine, and seeds for vegetable oil extraction. The ethnic people believe the lacquer tree is the most important crop in their community. 9/25/2022Alder (Alnus nepalensis), an important non-legume nitrogen-fixing plant species, widely occurs in the eastern Himalayas. In traditional agro

17、ecosystems of Asia, the alder is commonly used as a fallow tree, or intercropped with crops. There has been a growing concern about ecological and economical values of the alder which has resulted in far more interest in the utilization of this species.Multiple functions for sustainable agriculture

18、9/25/2022Grant supported by the MacArthur Foundation and UNEP地涌金蓮9/25/2022圓穗蓼Polygonum macrophyllum當?shù)孛簉ang qu根，水煎服清熱解毒、止瀉止痢大王馬先蒿 Pedicularis rex當?shù)孛篴 ra bura莖、葉、花，水煎服清熱利尿9/25/2022青稞種質(zhì)資源研究Genetic resources of Hordeum vulgare var. nudumTwelve landraces could be collected from the same upland barley f

19、ield.Over 40 traditional landraces of upland barley had been investigated from a single Tibetan village.9/25/2022研究進展紅頭瑤藥浴植物研究獨特性：藥浴是一種傳統(tǒng)療法；有效性：用于滋補、皮膚病和婦科病等；婦女的權(quán)利：對于藥浴植物的鑒定，采集，利用和銷售都主要是婦女參與；多樣性和新發(fā)現(xiàn)：紀錄了110個種，其中6個種屬于新紀錄。9/25/2022 Red-headed Yao women are selling herbs used in medicinal baths on the m

20、arket day9/25/2022Herbs used in medicinal baths部分浴用草藥Murraya tetramera Pratia nummularia Coptis chinensis Stall Senecio scandens9/25/2022研究進展滇中地區(qū)彝族藥研究有效性：用于跌打損傷、胃腸道疾病和感冒等；多樣性和新發(fā)現(xiàn)：紀錄了115個種，其中25個種屬于新紀錄；實用性：為進一步的植物化學、藥理學及臨床研究尋找新藥提供新資源9/25/2022民族植物學想說愛你不容易也曾輝煌：1987年，中國第一個民族植物學專門研究機構(gòu)在昆明植物研究所正式成立；但國內(nèi)缺乏經(jīng)費支持我的1990：讓我歡喜讓我憂！2002年的第一場“雪”：民族植物學研究室被撤消；2006，我不想說：是耶，非耶？9/25/2022民族植物學我拿什么來拯救你野生食用植物資源研究；民族藥用植物資源研究；民間觀賞植物資源研究；傳統(tǒng)植物遺傳資源研究；研究方法和手段的創(chuàng)新：參與式方法、定量民族植物學方法、多樣性指數(shù)分析方法；植物化學、分子