浙江版高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)專題九《細(xì)節(jié)理解（講解練）》教與學(xué)

1、第三部分 閱讀理解專題九 細(xì)節(jié)理解高考英語(yǔ) 浙江專用一、明確細(xì)節(jié)理解類題目的常用命題形式高考對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)理解的考查主要分為兩種情況:一是詞語(yǔ)細(xì)節(jié)類,其答案基本可以直接從原文中找出來(lái),考生只要將題干中的關(guān)鍵詞與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)照,就能迅速鎖定答案;二是隱含細(xì)節(jié)類,這類題目雖然不能直接從原文找到對(duì)應(yīng)的詞匯或短語(yǔ),但考生可以根據(jù)文章的隱含意義,如原因、方式或結(jié)果等獲得答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解類題目近幾年高考常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有:1.When can you go to.?2.Where can.?3.What happened when.?方法技巧4.What can people do.?5.What do we know

2、 about.?6.What is the reason for.?7.What was the reaction to.?8.Who can help you if you want to.?9.Who made a great contribution to.?10.Which number should you call if you.?11.Which tended to be.according to.?12.At which place can people.?13.Which of the following may require.?14.Why does Peter have

3、 to.?15.How does.differ from.?二、熟練運(yùn)用細(xì)節(jié)理解類題目的常用解題方法1.直接信息題題干定位法 例(2019浙江,A片段)Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(軍隊(duì)的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet. But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals rightful owners, and returns them.His effort to re

4、unite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A.G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Hearthe earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what

5、 he had to do.Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself?A.In the army. B. In an antique shop. C. From his mother. D. From Adeline Rockko.分析本題的題干關(guān)鍵信息是“medal for himself”,準(zhǔn)確定位題干信息,在第二段就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)“he earned one himself in a war as a soldier”,這樣就可以順利得出答案為A。 2.首尾定位法細(xì)節(jié)理解題經(jīng)常會(huì)涉及排序題。這類題目一般都出現(xiàn)在具有多個(gè)發(fā)展過(guò)程的信息意

6、群中。在解這類題目時(shí),首先要定位相關(guān)信息,然后可以采用“首尾定位法”。先確定最先發(fā)生的事情和最后發(fā)生的事情,縮小選項(xiàng)選擇的范圍,即可快速選出目標(biāo)選項(xiàng)。例A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(過(guò)敏的)reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy,nine,restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down

7、at home and stopped breathing.Izzys mother,Debbie,immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father,so decided to use CPR.However,she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough,so she stamped on her fathers chest instead.Debbie then took over with some

8、more conventional chest compressions(按壓)until the ambulance arrived.Izzy,who has been given a bravery award by her school,said,“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.M

9、y mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.” “Shes a little star,”said Debbie.“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just cant believe what she did.I really think all children should be taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up.Colm had to have m

10、ore treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.”Truck driver Colm,35,suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital,but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled,preventing him f

11、rom breathing,his blood pressure dropped suddenly,and his heart stopped for a moment.He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.Whats the right order of the events?Izzy kicked Colm.Debbie called 999.Izzy learned CPR.Colms heart stopped.A.B.C.D.分析此題涉及的選項(xiàng)信息貫穿整篇文章,但是,我們可以確定的信息是首先女兒學(xué)會(huì)了急救知識(shí),最后踩在爸

12、爸的胸部實(shí)施擠壓措施,因此可以判斷先是發(fā)生,最后發(fā)生,從而可以確定選C。 3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題查讀分析法例(2018江蘇,A片段)The Metropolitan Museum of ArtAdmission$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊)on the same day;free for children under 12 with an adult.How much may they pay if an 11

13、-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?A.$12.B.$37.C.$50.D.$62.分析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干句意:如果一個(gè)11歲的女孩和她在職的父母參觀博物館,他們可能需要支付多少錢?根據(jù)文中Admission部分的$25.00 recommended for adults(建議成年人每人25美元)和free for children under 12 with an adult(一位成年人帶一個(gè)12歲以下的孩子,孩子免費(fèi))可知,他們共需支付:$25+$25+$0=$50。4.間接信息題斷章取義法4.間接信息題斷章取義法例

14、(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó),A片段)Gone GirlGillian FynnThere was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. Theres tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise

15、 whats going on is horribly enjoyable.What kind of book is Gone Girl?A.A folk tale.B.A biography.C.A love story.D.A horror story.分析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:Gone Girl是哪種書(shū)?根據(jù)文章Gone Girl部分的介紹,尤其是“but the horror story is brilliant”可知,這本書(shū)是關(guān)于恐怖故事的,故D項(xiàng)(A horror story)正確。A:民間傳說(shuō);B:傳記;C:愛(ài)情故事。5.干擾信息排除法有些細(xì)節(jié)理解題在設(shè)題時(shí)會(huì)有多個(gè)同類信息的

16、干擾。我們?cè)诮忸}時(shí)要仔細(xì)甄別, 不要被干擾。例There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials, some-times huge savings. Recycling plastics and aluminum, for instance, uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting(提煉)alu-minum.Long before most of us even noticed what we now call

17、“the environment”, Buckminster Fuller said, “Pollution is nothing but the resources(資源)we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because weve been ignorant of their value.” To take one example, lets compare the throwaway econo-my(經(jīng)濟(jì))with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.Say

18、 your cat weighs 5 kg and eats one can of food each day. Each empty can of its food weighs 40g. In a throwaway economy, you would throw away 5,475 cans over the cats 15-year lifetime. Thats 219 kg of steelmore than a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cats weight.In a recycling economy, we wo

19、uld make one set of 100 cans to start with, and then replace them over and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, wed have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cats lifetimeand well still have 100 lef

20、t over for the next cat.Instead of using up 219 kg of steel, weve used only 6 kg. And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel, weve also achieved the following significant savings:in energy use47% to 74%; in air pollution85%; in water pollution35%; in water use

21、40%.How many cans will be used up in a cats 15-year lifetime in a recycling economy?A.50.B.100.C.150.D.250.分析根據(jù)文章第四段的數(shù)據(jù),尤其是最后一句話可知,貓的一生要消耗總計(jì)150罐食物。這道題目涉及數(shù)字問(wèn)題,但是其實(shí)并沒(méi)有涉及數(shù)字計(jì)算,而是從文中直接獲取信息。文章中雖然出現(xiàn)了多個(gè)數(shù)字,但是這些數(shù)字只是對(duì)此信息的補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明。我們解題時(shí)要認(rèn)真閱讀,仔細(xì)甄別,不要被誤導(dǎo)。1.查讀法查讀是在讀者對(duì)材料有所了解的情況下進(jìn)行的。查讀的特點(diǎn)是帶著問(wèn)題尋找答案。(1)用略讀的方法通讀閱讀材料,對(duì)原文有一

22、個(gè)大概的了解,掌握其主旨。將注意力集中在與who,what,when,where等與題干問(wèn)題有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)或數(shù)字方面。關(guān)注同位語(yǔ)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),如破折號(hào)、括號(hào)、省略號(hào)等。三、掌握獲取信息的有效方法(2)按文章的體裁,如按記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文等及作者寫(xiě)作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞,如for example,first,second等預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)該到何處尋找自己所需要的信息。(3)把主要精力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上?？焖偻ㄆx,眼睛自左至右,自上而下呈Z形掃視,直至找到你所需要的部分。待找到你所需要的部分時(shí),可放慢速度,細(xì)讀要查找的內(nèi)容。2.主干信息定位法細(xì)節(jié)理解題總是會(huì)有特定的主干信息,如某人、某事、某地等。解題時(shí)根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞,找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容,再仔細(xì)對(duì)照,不符合原文意思的選項(xiàng)要首先排除,反之,則是正確選項(xiàng)。(1)是非判斷題。這類題的選項(xiàng)有兩種形式:四項(xiàng)中有三對(duì)一錯(cuò)或三錯(cuò)一對(duì)。四項(xiàng)內(nèi)容通常是對(duì)同一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行判斷或?qū)Σ煌瑔?wèn)題進(jìn)行判斷。不管什么形式、什么內(nèi)容,通常都用原文定