初中英語詞匯積累

1、 19/19初中英語詞匯積累 初中英語詞匯積累 UNIT 1 survey 調(diào)查；測驗 add up 合計 upset adj.心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的 vt.使不安；使心煩。ignore 不理睬，忽視 calm vt.vi（使）平靜；（使）鎮(zhèn)定 adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的calm ()down （使）平靜下來；（使）鎮(zhèn)靜下來 have got to 不得不；必須 concern （使）擔憂；涉及；關(guān)系 be concerned about 關(guān)心；掛念 walk the dog 遛狗 loose 松的；松開的 vet 獸醫(yī) go through 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受 Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹

2、（荷蘭首都） Netherlands 荷蘭（荷蘭國家） Jewish 猶太人；猶太族的 German 德國的；德國人的；德語的；德國人；德語 Nazi n.納粹黨人adj.納粹黨的 set down 記下；放下；登記 series 連續(xù)；系列 a series of 一連串的；一系列；一套 outdoors 在戶外；在野外 spellbinding 迷住；迷惑 on purpose 故意 in order to 為了 dusk 黃昏；傍晚 at dusk 在黃昏時刻 thunder v打雷；雷鳴；n雷；雷聲 entire 整個的；完全的；全部的 entirely 完全地；全然地；整個地 pow

3、er 能力；力量；權(quán)力 face to face 面對面地 curtain 窗簾；門簾；幕布 dusty 積滿灰塵的 no longernotany longer 不再 partner 伙伴；合；合伙人 settle 安家；定居；停留使定居；安排；解決 suffer 遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷 suffer from 遭受；患病 loneliness 孤單；寂寞 highway 公路；大路；高速公路 recover 痊愈；恢復(fù)；重新獲得 getbe tired of 對厭煩 pack 捆扎；包裝；打行李小包；包裹 pack（sth）up 將（東西）裝箱打包 suitcase 手提箱；衣箱 overcoa

4、t 大衣；外套 teenager 十幾歲的青少年 get along with 與相處；發(fā)展 gossip 閑話；閑談 fall in love 相愛愛上 exactly 確實如此；正式；確切地 disagree 不同意 grateful 感激的；表示謝意的 dislike 不喜歡；厭惡 join in 參加；加入 tip n.揭示；技巧；尖；尖端；消費 vt. 傾斜；翻到 secondly 第二；其次 swap 交換 item 項目；條款 1. add up 【探究】 1) Add up these figures, please. 2) Shall I add your name to t

5、he list? 3) The bad weather adds to our difficulties. 4) She added some salt to the soup. 【運用】 1) This kind of music _ _ _(能增加) my enjoyment. 2) Her answers have only_ _ (增加) his trouble. 3) The money that he spent on the house _ _ _ (合計共達)2,000 dollars. 4) Please _ the numbers and Im sure they will

6、 _ more than 1,000. A. add; add up B. add up; add up C. add up; add up to D. add to; add up 5) _ is known to all, good friends _happiness and value to life. A. It; add B. As; add C. It; add up D. As; add to 2. upset 【例釋】 1) I upset the soup all over the table. 2) He has an upset stomach. 3) Dont ups

7、et yourself-no harm has been done. 【歸納拓展】 1）The news that his mother was ill_ him.(使他心煩意亂) 2) Tom was _(難過)because he had lost his ticket. 3. ignore 【例釋】 Even the best of men ignored that simple rule. I tried to tell him but he ignored me. His letters were ignored. Never make your students feel igno

8、rant. 【歸納拓展】 1) _of law will bring you trouble.對法律的無知必會帶給你麻煩。 2) He is _ (無知的) of music. 3) I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he _me and walked on. A. refused B. ignored C. denied D. missed 4. calm【例釋】 1) Its important to keep calm in a dangerous situation. 2) The teacher tried to calm the fr

9、ightened children. 3) He lit a cigarette to calm himself down. 【歸納拓展】 【辨析】 calm/peaceful/quiet/still/silent 1) calm主要指“風(fēng)平浪靜的”，也可指人“平靜的，鎮(zhèn)定的”。 2）peaceful指“和平的，沒有戰(zhàn)爭的”。 3）quiet指“沒有吵鬧聲的”；“沒有噪音的”；“清靜的”；“平靜的”，強調(diào)“聲音很低、很少或全然無聲”。 4）silent強調(diào)“沉默不語”。 【運用】 1)_ _ (鎮(zhèn)靜下來) and tell us whats going on. 2) Its bad manne

10、rs to keep _ when the teacher asks you a question. 3）The sky is blue，and the sea is _. 4）Although she was frightened，she answered with a _ voice. 5）We are glad to live in a _ environment. 6）He had a _ life. 5. concerned Youll tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her but you will meet af

11、ter class and talk then. 告訴你的朋友你很關(guān)心他, 但你會在課后見他并告訴他。 【例釋】 1) Police said they were concerned about the boys safety. 2) As far as Im concerned, the problem is over. 3) He wrote an article concerning the problems of overcrowded cities. 4) The girls poor health concerned her parents. 【運用】 1) He is never

12、 _ about what is going on. 2) The lecture _the environmental protection. 3) As far as they are _, you can go where you want. 4) His parents _ his safety. A. concern themselves with B. show no concern about C. are concerned about D. are concerned with 5) The news _your hometown. A. is concerned about

13、 B. is concerned in C. concerns D. concerns with 6. go through 或者你是不是擔心你的朋友會嘲笑你, 或者不理解你目前的困境呢? 【例釋】 1) Peter has lost his job, and he is going through a very difficult time. 2) He is very successful considering what he has gone through. 3) How long will it take you to go through the book? 【歸納拓展】 【運用

14、】 1) With time _ _, we grew up quickly. 2) He _ _ all his money in one week. 3) The lights_ _ when we came in. 4) The police _ his bag, but found nothing. A. looked up B. turned in D. searched for D. went through 5) Did you have a good time at the party? As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time

15、 seemed to _ so quickly. A. go by B. go away C. go out D. go over 7set down 【例釋】 1) Please set it down to my account. 2) You should set down the key language points in your notebook. 3) Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops. 【歸納拓展】 【運用】 1) I _ the temperatures every day

16、 in the notebook. A. set about B. set out C. set up D. set down 2) I liked his paper so much that I _ my own work and translated it into German. A. gave off B. turned down C .took over D. set aside 3) 翻譯：我已將發(fā)生的每件事都記了下來。_ 8. in order to in order to do為了.(可置于句首或句中) 【例釋】 1) He arrived early in order to

17、 get a good seat. =He arrived early in order that he could get a good seat. 2) I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 【運用】 1)他早早動身以便按時到達。（翻譯） _ 2）她拼命干以便能在6點時把一切都準備好。_ 9. settle 【例釋】 1) The bird settled on a branch. 2) The old couple planned to settle in the country after they retired.

18、 3) Youd better settle the problem before supper. 4) He settled down in his armchair to read the newspaper. 1) The family settled _ a small town. A. in B. on C. over D. down 2) Why do you look worried? There are so many problems _. A. remaining to settle B. remained settling C. remaining to be settl

19、ed D .remained to be settled 3)他在故鄉(xiāng)安頓下來。 _ 4)這個問題至今尚未解決。_ 10. suffer from 【例釋】 1) Shes suffering from loss of memory.她患有遺忘癥。 2) Many cities suffered a heavy loss in the earthquake. 3) He suffered from poverty all his life. 【歸納】 【運用】 1) 我們在這次災(zāi)難中損失慘重。 _ 2) All the villagers _ great damage during the f

20、ire. A.caused B. led to C.suffered D. suffered from 3) 用suffer的適當形式填空。 It is miserable (痛苦的) to see those patients _ from poverty and disease and we all want to do something to release these _ from their _ Unit 1 ANNES BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your dee

21、pest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. 安妮最好的朋友 你想不想有一位無話不談能推心置腹的朋友？或者你會不會擔心你的朋友會嘲笑你，會不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮.弗蘭克想要的是第一種類型的朋友，所以她把的日記視為自己最好的朋友

22、。 Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I dont want

23、to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. 在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，安妮住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是猶太人，所以他們不得不躲藏起來，否則就會被德國的納粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25個月之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。在那段時期，她

24、的日記成了她唯一忠實的朋友。她說：“我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬。我要把我的日記當作自己的朋友，我把我的這個朋友叫做基蒂?！爆F(xiàn)在，來看看安妮自1942年7月起躲進藏身處后的那種心情吧。 Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a

25、time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. Thats changed since I was here. For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But

26、 as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didnt go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their po

27、wer; it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face SadlyI am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Ann

28、e 1944年6月15日，星期四 親愛的基蒂： 我不知道這是不是因為我太久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過。自從我來到這里之后，這一切都變了。 比如說，有一天晚上天氣很暖和，我故意熬到晚上11點半都不睡覺，為的就是能獨自好好地看看月亮。但是因為月光太亮了，我都不敢打開窗戶。還有一次，就在五個月以前的一個晚上，我碰巧在樓上，窗戶是開著的，我一直呆到非關(guān)窗不可的時候才下樓去。漆黑的雨夜，刮著大風(fēng)，電閃雷鳴，烏云滾滾，我完全被這種景象鎮(zhèn)住了。這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹的夜晚 不幸的是我只能透過那

29、滿是灰塵的窗簾下那臟兮兮的窗戶看看大自然。只能隔著窗戶看那大自然實在沒意思，因為大自然是需要真正體驗的東西。 你的安妮 難句剖析 1. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 譯：_ _ 本句是一個主從復(fù)合句，if 引導(dǎo)的從句作wonder 的賓語，賓語從句中使用了It is that的強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)的是because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句. 2)強調(diào)句型It is/was+被

30、強調(diào)部分 +that/who+原句中的其它部分，主要是對原句中的主語、賓語 和狀語進行強調(diào)。 注意:It is /was .that. 中，is 和was由后面句子的時態(tài)確定。 除強調(diào)部分是人作主語可用who/that 之外，其他一律用that。 一般疑問句的句式為：Is/Was it . that.? 特殊疑問句的句式為：疑問詞+is/was it that.? 判斷一個句子是不是強調(diào)句型的法：把句中的It is/was 和that 去掉，看句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否仍完整，若完整就是強調(diào)句型，否則就不是強調(diào)句型。 【運用】 http:/./doc/4f0400c917fc700abb68a98271fe

31、910ef02dae5b.html st Saturday her mother bought Rose a book in the bookstore.(分別對劃線部分進行強調(diào)) _ _ _ _ _ It was along the river_ he spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where It was in the lab _ was near the school _they did the experiment. A. where; that B. which; that C. which; wher

32、e D. that; where 2. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 譯： when a deep blue sky是_從句, 修飾_。常用句式：There was a time when. “有一段時間” There was a time when this country was one of the strongest count

33、ries in the world. 譯:_ 3. It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.譯:_ 1) It is/was the first (second, third) time that sb. Have/had done sth.這是某人第一次(第二次、第三次等)做某事，it可以變成this/that,注意此句型中that從句中時態(tài)的使用。It is/was time for sb. to do sth. 到了干的時候了 It was the third time

34、that I _ _ (訪問) Beijing. _ _ _ _ _ (這是第二次) we have come to the mountain village to see the homeless children. It is the second time I _ in Hainan. It is ten years since I _ it last time. A. had been; left B. have been; left C. have gone; had left D. went; had left It is time for us _ _ _.(起床) 4. I a

35、m only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. 譯:_ hanging before very dusty windows 在句中是 _短語做后置定語, 修飾_. 5. Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.觀看這些已經(jīng)不再是樂趣，因為大自然是你必須親身體驗的。 1)it是形式主語，動名詞短

36、語looking through these any longer是真正主語；類似的有It is no good doing.“做沒有好處”； It is no use doing .“做沒有用” 2)that really must be experienced. 在句中是定語從句，修飾_. UNIT2 subway 地下人行道；地鐵 elevator 電梯直升機 petrol 汽油；（=gasoline） gas 汽油；氣體；煤氣；毒氣 official 官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的 voyage 航海；航行 conquer 征服；占領(lǐng) because of 因為；由于 native adj.本

37、國的；本地的；n本地人；本國人 come up 走近；上來；提出 apartment 公寓住宅；單元住宅 actually 實際上；事實上 AD 公元 base 以為根據(jù)；n 基部；基地,基礎(chǔ) at present 現(xiàn)在；目前 gradual 逐漸的；逐步的 gradually 逐漸地；逐步地 Danish 丹麥語；adj. 丹麥的；丹麥的人；丹麥語的enrich 使富裕；充實；改善 vocabulary 詞匯；詞匯量；詞表 Shakespeare 莎士比亞 make use of 利用；使用 spelling 拼寫；拼法 latter 較后的；（兩者中）后者的 identity 本身；本體；

38、身份 fluent 流利的；流暢的 fluently 流利地；流暢地 Singapore 新加坡 Malaysia 馬來西亞；馬來群島 such as 例如；想這種 frequent 頻繁的；常見的 frequently 常常；頻繁地 usage 使用；用法；詞語慣用法 command 命令；指令；掌握 request 請求；要求 dialect 方言 expression 詞語；表達；表示 midwestern 中西部的；有中西部特性的 African 非洲的；非洲人的；非洲語言的 Spanish 西班牙人；西班牙的 play a part (in) 扮演一個角色；參與 eastern 東方

39、的；東部的 southeastern 東南方的；來自東南方northwestern 西北方的；來自西北的 recognize 辨認出；承認；公認 lorry 卡車 Houston 休斯頓 Texas 德克薩斯州 accent 口音；腔調(diào)；重音 catfish 鯰魚 lightning 閃電 straight 直接；挺直；直的；筆直的；正直的block 街區(qū)；塊；木塊；石塊 cab出租車 1. voyage (P9 L2)/because of (P9, L3) Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conq

40、uer other parts of world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. 在17世紀英國人開始開拓征服世界其他地區(qū)。 1.1）The voyage from England to India used to take six months.過去從英國坐船去印度要花六個月的時間。 2）We made/ go on a voyage to America by air.我們乘飛機去美國。 2. Compare the two sentences: 1) We were late

41、 because it rained. 2) We were late because of the rain. 【歸納】 【運用】 1. Fill in the blanks: 1) They are here _ us. 2) He didnt come to school yesterday _he was ill. 3) He didnt come to school yesterday _his ill. 2.翻譯： The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage. _ 2. the latter; identity (P10, L20) The latt

42、er gave a separate identity to American English spelling. 后者體現(xiàn)了美國英語拼寫的不同特色。 【例釋】 1) This latter point was of great importance. 后面這點極為重要。 2) Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother. 這是湯姆和戴維;后者是我的兄弟。 3) His health has been deteriorating in these latter years. 最近幾年他的健康越來越差。 4）His drivers licen

43、se proved his identity. 他的駕駛執(zhí)照證明了他的身份。 5）Preserve the distinct identities of an old town 保留古鎮(zhèn)的特征風(fēng)貌 【歸納】 【運用】 Translate the following sentences: 1) The latter point is the most important. _ _ 2) John and Jim are brothers. The former is a teacher; the latter is an engineer. _ 3) He spent his latter ye

44、ars of his life in America. _ 4) Their identities were kept secret . _ 5) I cant identify this signature. _ 3. even if (P10, L5) Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. ( 翻譯) 以英語為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，他們也可以相互交流。 【例釋】 1) Even if it takes me six

45、 weeks, I am determined to finish the job .即使這個工作要花掉 我六個星期的時間，我仍決心要把它完成。 2) Ill help you with English, even if/ though I dont sleep for a night. 盡管我一夜 沒有睡覺，也要幫助你學(xué)習(xí)英語。 【歸納】 【運用】 1. Jack is making up his mind to get a ticket for the concert_ it means standing in a queue all night. A. as if B. even if

46、C. in case D. as long as Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it to be valuable. A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that 2. Even though I know there are a lot of difficulties in my way, I will never give up pursuing my dream. （翻譯） _。 4. come up (P10, L8) Id like to come u

47、p to your apartment. ( 譯) _?！纠尅?1) A number of questions came up at the meeting. 會議上提出了許多問題。 2) Ill let him know if anything comes up. 如有什么事,我會告訴他的。 3) She came up and said, Glad to meet you. 她走過來說,很高興見到你。 4) The teacher asked a difficult question, but finally Tom came up with a good answer. 老師出了一道

48、難題，但最終湯姆想出了一個很好的答案。 5) The seeds are just beginning to come up. 種子剛開始破土發(fā)芽。 6）The price of the steel is coming up all the time.鋼材的價格一直在上漲。 7)When did this idiom come up?這寫習(xí)語是什么時候流行的？ 【歸納】 _. Sorry I cant go with yousomething has suddenly come up. _. The seeds I sowed last week havent come up yet. _.

49、2)-Have you _some new ideas? -Yeah . I will tell you. A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with 5. be based on (P10, L11) It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 當時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，而現(xiàn)代英語不是。 【例釋】 1) The dance of Thousand-hand Guanyin was based on an ancient p

50、ainting.舞蹈千手觀音是基 于一幅古老的繪畫而創(chuàng)作的。 2) The machine rests on a wide base of steel.這個機器由一個很大的鋼制底座支撐。 3) Our companys base is in Shandong, but we have branches all over the world.我們公司 的總部在山東，但在全世界都有分公司。 4) The parents based their hopes on the children. 父母把希望寄托在孩子們的身上。 【運用】 選擇正確答案 1) We will have an exam nex

51、t week _the teaching plan. A. basing B. basing on C. based on D. based to 2) He based his idea_ scientific experiment. A. at B. with C. on D. in 3) 成功是建立在努力工作的基礎(chǔ)上的。 翻譯：_ 4)What is your_( base/basis) of your opinion? 6. at present (P10, L12) It was based more on German than the English we speak at pr

52、esent. 【例釋】 1) At present, I dont have any more information. 目前，我們沒有更多的信息。 2) At the present time, they are living in country. 目前，他們住在鄉(xiāng)下。 1) How many people_ _ _(出席、參加) the meeting? 2)寫出下面句中斜體字的意思 He gave his mother a present on Mothers Day. How many people were present at the meeting? What is your

53、present job? They presented flowers to their teacher. The people present at the meeting came from all over the world. 3) _ plans are being made for a play at the end of the summer holiday in order to collect money for the Hope Project. A. In the past B. In future C. At present D. So far 7. such as (

54、 P10, L25) English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. 在新加坡、馬來西亞和非洲其他國家，比如南非，人們也說英語。 【例釋】 They planted many flowers, such as roses, sunflowers.他們種了許多種花，如玫瑰花、向日葵 等。 2) Our monitor does very well in sports and games, swimming, _. 3)_ ,John has the sam

55、e opinion. 4) Pollution, _, is a big problem. 8. make use of (P10, L15) 【原句再現(xiàn)】 So by 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wide vocabulary than ever before . 所以到17 世紀，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時期都大。 【例釋】 1) We should make use of knowledge to build our country. 我們應(yīng)該利用知識來建設(shè)祖國。 2) Now he can make use of mon

56、ey better than before. 現(xiàn)在，他比以前更會花錢了。 3) He makes good use of time to study. 他充分利用時間來學(xué)習(xí)。 4）It is more necessary than ever before for all of us to work hard.我們大家會比以往更需要努力工作。 【歸納】 【運用】 完成句子 1) He is _(正充分利用) the chance to travel the world. 2) It s raining hard_ _ _(比以前) 3) We should think of what use c

57、an _ such a material (材料) A. be made of B. be made from C. be made up D. be made in 4) You should make_ of the time at school or you ll regret A. nothing B. the most C. much D. everything 9. the largest number of (P10, L26) In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. ( 譯 ) _ 【例釋】

58、 1) A number of teachers are studying computers. 大量的老師在學(xué)電腦。 2) The number of the students in our school is 5,000. 我們學(xué)校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是5，000. 3) The number of birds has become smaller over the years.鳥的數(shù)量近幾年下降了。 【運用】 用a number of與 the number of 填空 1) There are _ students in the picture. 2)_ the students has rea

59、ched 30,000 in our school. 3) The number of people invited_ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were 10. command, request (P12) Can you find the following command and request from Reading? 你能從下面閱讀找出命令和請求嗎？ 【例釋】 1) I command you t

60、o start at once. 我命令你立刻開始。 2) Our boss commanded that we all (should) go to collect market information. 老板命令我們都去搜集市場信息。 3) He made a request that I should help him. 他請求我能幫助他。 4) They requested us to reread the notice. 他們請求我們再讀一遍通告的內(nèi)容。 5) The guide requested that her visitors nor park her car at the