高中英語必修6Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld

1、.Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld(2)PartTwoTeachingResourcesSection1AtextstructureanalysisofTheUN-bringingeveryoneclosertogetherI.SummaryofTheUN-bringingeveryoneclosertogetherMainideaofthepassagebriefintroductionoftheUNMainideaofparagraph1timeoffoundinganditspurposeMainideaofparagraph2peacekeepingop

2、erationsoftheUNMainideaofparagraph3whattheauthordoeswiththeUNMainideaofparagraph4howtheorganizationsworkMainideaofparagraph5theUNhelpscountrieswithsomeproblemsII.Atreediagramofthetext:TheUNtimeOct.1945purposeorganizations:members:UNIFEMWTO191countriestokeepinternationalpeacetosolveinternationaltobea

3、centertodevelopproblemsfriendshipsborrowassistthevictimsprotecthumanimproveinternationalsoldiersrightslawsurgenteducationfoodpovertydisastersdiseasesproblemsIII.AretoldversionofthetextTheUN-bringingeveryoneclosertogetherTheUnitedNationwasfoundedinOct.1954by51countries.Todaythereareabout191countriesi

4、nthewordthathavethemembershipsoftheUN.Itplaysaleading專業(yè).roleinmanyways.Forexample,itborrowssoldiersfromdifferentcountriestokeepinternationalpeace.LedbytheorganizationsoftheUN,191differentcountriesworktogethertosolveinternationalproblemsandtokeeppeacetodevelopfriendlyrelationshipsamongnations.Through

5、theseactions,theUNbringseveryoneindifferentcountriesclosetogether.IV.TranslationofreadingandprojectReading結(jié)合國讓每一個(gè)人靠得更近我很快樂今天有機(jī)會跟大家談?wù)劷Y(jié)合國，也叫UN-這個(gè)名稱在英語里更加常用。結(jié)合國是一個(gè)國際組織，由所有愿意促使和平的國家組成，我很快樂入選結(jié)合國的名友好大使。作為一名親善大使意味著我要前往結(jié)合國推行幫助項(xiàng)目的國家。能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)這一角色，我感覺特別有幸。我會在后邊跟大家談?wù)勎宜龅囊恍┕ぷ鳎谝晃蚁敫蠹液唵谓榻B一下結(jié)合國的狀況。那么結(jié)合國是什么時(shí)候建立的呢?結(jié)合國實(shí)

6、際上是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)此后于1945年10月由51個(gè)國家結(jié)合組建的。今天，世界上幾乎每一個(gè)國家都是結(jié)合國的成員-共有191個(gè)國家。結(jié)合國建立在結(jié)合國憲案基礎(chǔ)之上。該憲章確立了結(jié)合國的四大要旨，即：保護(hù)國際和平；發(fā)展各國之間的友好關(guān)系；進(jìn)行國際合作，以解決國際間的各樣問題，增進(jìn)關(guān)于全體人類之人權(quán)的尊敬；組成一個(gè)協(xié)調(diào)各國行動或工作的中心。如你所知，結(jié)合國波及世界各地每一個(gè)人的生活。該組織參加維和行動，輔助停止世界上一些最懼怕的矛盾。觀看對戰(zhàn)爭地域的任何電視報(bào)道，你就會看到頭戴藍(lán)色貝雷帽的士兵。結(jié)合國其實(shí)不擁有自己的軍隊(duì)，而是向不同樣的成員國借用土兵。在這些軍隊(duì)和其他可敬的組織的輔助下，結(jié)合國為戰(zhàn)爭及

7、災(zāi)禍的受害者供給救援。其他，結(jié)合國還輔助保護(hù)人權(quán)，致力改良各樣國際法律，若有關(guān)童工的法律等。以上是對結(jié)合國的簡單介紹。現(xiàn)在我要跟大家談?wù)勎宜龅母Y(jié)合國有關(guān)的工作。我參加結(jié)合國的工作是無償?shù)?，是志愿工作。正如我剛才所說的，我主要接見結(jié)合國推行幫助項(xiàng)目的國家。那么，我怎樣經(jīng)過接見這些國家來達(dá)到幫助的目的呢?是這樣的，若是我接見這些國家，電視和報(bào)刊等媒體就跟從我，并記錄我的行程。這會提升人們對結(jié)合國工作的意識。其他，我的接見還會激勵那些致力于結(jié)合國各樣項(xiàng)目的人，吸引當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣駥τ嘘P(guān)狀況的注意力。到眼前為止我接見了非洲的很多國家。近來，我特別好運(yùn)，去了一次南非，在那里我會見了一些結(jié)組自救的婦女。她們每

8、日從每個(gè)小組成員那里收取1蘭特(大概相當(dāng)于人民幣135元)，將這些錢和政府資助給她們的一筆錢加在一同。這樣，婦女們就湊夠了錢去購置做籃子的編織資料。此后，她們就將編織好的籃子拿到市場上銷售。運(yùn)氣好的話，她們的小組還能夠夠進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，也許還能夠開個(gè)商鋪。這個(gè)自救小組是由結(jié)合國婦女發(fā)展基金建立的，在結(jié)合國的管理系統(tǒng)中還有好多此類的項(xiàng)目和基金，它們已經(jīng)為全世界數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人們供給了幫助。除了由于戰(zhàn)爭和矛盾所惹起的各樣緊迫問題外，結(jié)合國還幫助解決其成員國的其他問題，如教育困窮、食品不足、貧窮、災(zāi)禍和疾病等。在2000年召開的次結(jié)合國會議上，所有的191個(gè)成員國都贊成，到專業(yè).2015年?duì)幦?shí)現(xiàn)八個(gè)發(fā)展

9、目標(biāo)。這八個(gè)目標(biāo)其中之就是保證每一個(gè)人都能夠享碰到新鮮的飲用水。其他個(gè)發(fā)展目標(biāo)就是保證所有的孩子都能夠達(dá)成小學(xué)教育。若是大家想知道這方面更多的信息，能夠閱讀結(jié)合國的有關(guān)網(wǎng)頁?，F(xiàn)在，你們已認(rèn)識到，由于結(jié)合國的工作，全世界的人靠得更近了。Project改變世界我的義務(wù)月20日抵達(dá)這里后發(fā)現(xiàn)所有都是亂哄哄的。已經(jīng)整整一周時(shí)間抽不出安閑寫日記了。整個(gè)島嶼都遭到了洪水的侵襲，很多人為閃避洪水都逃到山上。醫(yī)院嚴(yán)重被毀，已經(jīng)是一片狼籍，完好無法使用了。這切對我來說是一個(gè)全然不同樣的體驗(yàn)。過去狀況下，我都是在那些缺水的地域工作，如肯尼亞和蘇丹，那些地方的主要問題是饑荒。在蘇丹，我們建立饋給站，保證人們能夠獲得

10、食品；我們還檢查嬰兒的健康狀況，保證嬰兒的體重在增加。我們還做一個(gè)接種宣傳活動，不再讓少兒死干麻疹。遺憾的是，這個(gè)活動是在遠(yuǎn)離城市的農(nóng)村進(jìn)行的，那里戰(zhàn)亂頻頻。閃避槍林彈雨、輾轉(zhuǎn)奔忙已經(jīng)成了粗茶淡飯。所以，這里的狀況就完好不同樣樣了，所存在的問題也不同樣樣。我們特別擔(dān)憂，諸如瘧疾和傷寒等由水流傳的疾病會爆發(fā)。這里沒有沙塵飛揚(yáng)，我們看到的是一片汪洋。各處都是泥漿和水，讓此地到彼地的行程變得很困難。昨天，醫(yī)療隊(duì)里我的同事和我(兩名醫(yī)生，作為護(hù)土的我，還有兩名助手)在城市的北面發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)空闊的醫(yī)療中心。我們準(zhǔn)備在那里建立一個(gè)臨時(shí)診所，來自外國的醫(yī)療設(shè)施和藥品正在運(yùn)輸途中。我們已經(jīng)開始清理這個(gè)醫(yī)療中心。

11、影響到健康的問題之是，那些需要如期服藥的病人碰到這樣的洪災(zāi)后很難獲得藥品，比方，那些患有意臟病也許糖尿病的人就是這樣。略微傷口也需要予以處罰，特別是在這樣潤濕的狀況下。大部分病人的傷口是由于墻壁和屋頂坍塌所致使的。洪水使得傷口難以愈合，細(xì)菌簡單擴(kuò)散。同時(shí)，在這座城市的其他地域，住所以及食品和潔凈水的供給都成了大問題。土地和莊稼都?xì)Я?，所以，營養(yǎng)不良會成為未來的一個(gè)問題。食品已經(jīng)開始陸續(xù)抵達(dá)，但有一個(gè)問題，由于人們開始擔(dān)憂自己可否能夠獲得足夠的食品。今天上午，人們由于爭搶食品發(fā)生了好幾次打架。這使我想起了自己在蘇丹所呆的那段時(shí)間，當(dāng)時(shí)有好幾名“無國界醫(yī)生組織的工作人員由于人們哄搶食品而碰到了攻擊

12、。在這里有一個(gè)優(yōu)勢，好多人都會說英語或法語。這讓互相之間的溝通變得簡單多了，也易于認(rèn)識他們的各樣問題。當(dāng)你和當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬荒軌蛘f同一種語言時(shí)，你就很難弄清對方的問題?？墒牵矣泻芎玫谋硌菁记?，所以，即便在有語言阻攔的狀況下我仍是能夠同當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行溝通。在這里，好多人憂如就是要和你發(fā)言，所以，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的工作不行是是做護(hù)士了，我仍是一個(gè)聆聽別人傾訴和寬慰別人的人。想象失去所有，甚至包括一些你的家人，是特別可怕的事情。我們到這里做的第件事就是為那些被殺戮的人建一個(gè)墓地。我們需要趕快掩埋那些尸體，以阻攔疾病的延伸和流傳。這真是一件特別可怕的工作，專業(yè).我為那些死者的家眷感覺特別傷心?；叵肫鹞覅⒓印盁o國界醫(yī)生組

13、織以來在全世界范圍的所有經(jīng)歷，我感覺自己能夠幫助別人，做一些值得的事情，這是特別好運(yùn)的。現(xiàn)在，我得考慮明天的事了。診所有望明天開門，到那時(shí)我就沒有時(shí)間記日記了。這里的經(jīng)歷讓我珍惜我所擁有的所有，給了我個(gè)從其他一個(gè)角度看事物的機(jī)會。我知道，作為個(gè)人我不能夠完好改變世界，但我很驕傲，由于我能各處給人多多少少供給一些幫助，在個(gè)人的層面上去改變?nèi)藗兊纳睢ection2BackgroundinformationabouttheUNI.HistoryoftheUnitedNationsThenameUnitedNations,coinedbyUnitedStatesPresidentFranklinD

14、.Roosevelt,wasfirstusedintheDeclarationbyUnitedNationsof1January1942,duringtheSecondWorldWar,whenrepresentativesof26nationspledgedtheirgovernmentstocontinuefightingtogetheragainsttheAxisPowers.In1899,thefirstInternationalPeaceConferencewasheldinTheHaguetoelaborateinstrumentsforsettlingcrisespeaceful

15、ly,preventingwarsandcodifyingrulesofwarfare.ItadoptedtheConventionforthePacificSettlementofInternationalDisputesandestablishedthePermanentCourtofArbitration,whichbeganworkin1902.TheforerunneroftheUnitedNationswastheLeagueofNations,anorganizationconceivedinsimilarcircumstancesduringtheFirstWorldWar,a

16、ndestablishedin1919undertheTreatyofVersaillestopromoteinternationalcooperationandtoachievepeaceandsecurity.In1945,representativesof50countriesmetinSanFranciscoattheUnitedNationsConferenceonInternationalOrganizationtodrawuptheUnitedNationsCharter.Thosedelegatesdeliberatedonthebasisofproposalsworkedou

17、tbytherepresentativesofChina,theSovietUnion,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStatesatDumbartonOaks,UnitedStates,inAugust-October1944.TheCharterwassignedon26June1945bytherepresentativesofthe50countries.Poland,whichwasnotrepresentedattheConference,signeditlaterandbecameoneoftheoriginal51memberstates.TheUni

18、tedNationsofficiallycameintoexistenceon24October1945,whentheCharterhadbeenratifiedbyChina,France,theSovietUnion,theUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesandamajorityofothersignatories.UnitedNationsDayiscelebratedon24Octobereachyear.distressedarea“結(jié)合國這一名稱是由美國總統(tǒng)富蘭克林D羅斯福設(shè)想出來的。該名稱于1942年1月1日宣布結(jié)合國宣言時(shí)首次使用。市價(jià)第二次世專業(yè).

19、界大戰(zhàn)進(jìn)行時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)26個(gè)國家派出的代表許諾其政府將連續(xù)共同對軸心國作戰(zhàn)。1899年，第一次國際和平會議在荷蘭海牙召開。此次會議的目的是擬訂旨在和平解決危機(jī)和防備戰(zhàn)爭的文件及編撰戰(zhàn)爭規(guī)那么。會上經(jīng)過了和平解決國際爭端條約，并依照該條約建立了常設(shè)仲裁法院。常設(shè)仲裁法院于1902年開始工作。結(jié)合國的前身是“國際結(jié)盟。該組織是在與第二次世界大戰(zhàn)狀況近似的第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的背景下構(gòu)思出來的。“國際結(jié)盟是依照凡爾賽和約于1919年建立的，其要旨是“促使國際合作和實(shí)現(xiàn)世界和平和安全。1945年4月25日-6月26日，來自50國家的代表參加了在美國舊金山舉行的結(jié)合國國際組織會議，會議的目的是起草結(jié)合國憲章。代

20、表們在中國、蘇聯(lián)、結(jié)合王國和美國四國代表于1944年8月-10月在美國頓巴頓橡樹園會議上提出的提案基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)步行了討論。1945年6月26日，國家的代表簽署了結(jié)合國憲章。當(dāng)時(shí)波蘭沒有派代表參加此次會議，但此后簽署了結(jié)合國憲章，所以成為結(jié)合國51個(gè)創(chuàng)始會員國之一。在中國、法國、蘇聯(lián)、結(jié)合王國和美國以及大部分其他署名國贊成結(jié)合國憲章此后，結(jié)合國組織與1945年10月24日正式建立。此后，月24日成為每年都要慶賀的結(jié)合國日。IIUNEMBLEMANDFLAGEMBLEMDescription:ThecurrentUnitedNationsemblemwasapprovedon7December1946.

21、ThedesignisamapoftheworldrepresentinganazimuthalequidistantprojectioncentredontheNorthPole,inscribedinawreathconsistingofcrossedconventionalizedbranchesoftheolivetree,ingoldonafieldofsmoke-bluewithallwaterareasinwhite.Theprojectionofthemapextendsto60degreessouthlatitude,andincludesfiveconcentriccirc

22、les.Symbolism:Olivebranchessymbolizepeace.TheworldmapdepictstheareaofconcerntotheUnitedNationsinachievingitsmainpurpose,peaceandsecurity.Use:Theuseoftheemblemisrestricted,basedonGeneralAssemblyresolution92(I),1946.FLAGDate:20October1947Description:TheofficialemblemoftheUnitedNationsin專業(yè).white,center

23、edonalightblueground.(PMS279)Proportions:Hoist(width):Fly(length)2:3or3:5orthesameproportionsasthenationalflagofanycountryinwhichtheUNflagisflown;theemblemisonehalfofthehoistandisentirelycentered.Use:TheuseoftheflagisregulatedbytheUnitedNationsflagcodeandregulations.結(jié)合國總部一覽通訊地址美國，NY10017，紐約市，結(jié)合國。四大主

24、體建筑物秘書處大廈、大會大廈、會議樓地域包括各理事會會議廳和圖書館。設(shè)計(jì)師沃里斯哈里森美國人，總建筑師；成員：尼古拉巴索夫蘇聯(lián)、蓋斯頓Brunfaut比利時(shí)、厄內(nèi)斯特柯米爾加拿大、查爾斯柯布西埃法國、梁思成中國、高雅馬克利烏斯瑞典、奧斯卡尼邁耶巴西、霍華德羅伯遜英國、G.A.Soilleux澳大利亞、JulioVilamajo烏拉圭。動工日期1949年10月24日造價(jià)6500萬美元聳立在曼哈頓島東岸、橫跨紐約市東河兩岸的結(jié)合國總部是和平的象征和希望的燈塔。地球上60億人民的代表經(jīng)常合集在這個(gè)占地18英畝的地方，就和平、公正及經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會福利等問題進(jìn)行商議、作出決定。也正是在這里，結(jié)合國秘書處的男

25、女工作人員努力工作著，將這些決定付諸行動。有著高聳的玻璃幕墻的秘書處大廈、有著優(yōu)美的圓弧外形的低矮的大禮堂，加上藍(lán)白相間的結(jié)合國旗，這些都已成為結(jié)合國這個(gè)國際組織的鮮亮標(biāo)志。IV.TheBiographyofKofiAnnanKofiAnnanofGhanaistheseventhSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations.ThefirstSecretary-GeneraltobeelectedfromtheranksofUnitedNationsstaff,hebeganhisfirsttermon1January1997.On29June2001,actingo

26、narecommendationbytheSecurityCouncil,theGeneralAssemblyappointedhimbyacclamationtoasecondtermofoffice,beginningon1January2002andendingon31December2006.專業(yè).Mr.AnnansprioritiesasSecretary-GeneralhavebeentorevitalizetheUnitedNationsthroughacomprehensiveprogrammeofreform;tostrengthentheOrganizationstradi

27、tionalworkintheareasofdevelopmentandthemaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecurity;toencourageandadvocatehumanrights,theruleoflawandtheuniversalvaluesofequality,toleranceandhumandignityfoundintheUnitedNationsCharter;andtorestorepublicconfidenceintheOrganizationbyreachingouttonewpartnersand,inhiswords

28、,bybringingtheUnitedNationsclosertothepeople.Mr.AnnanwasborninKumasi,Ghana,on8April1938.HejoinedtheUnitedNationssystemin1962asanadministrativeandbudgetofficerwiththeWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)inGeneva.Sincethen,hehasservedwiththeUNEconomicCommissionforAfrica(ECA)inAddisAbaba;theUnitedNationsEmergen

29、cyForce(UNEFII)inIsmailia;theOfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees(UNHCR)inGeneva;and,atUNHeadquartersinNewYork,asAssistantSecretary-GeneralforHumanResourcesManagementandSecurityCoordinatorfortheUNSystem(1987-1990)andAssistantSecretary-GeneralforProgrammePlanning,BudgetandFinance,andCo

30、ntroller(1990-1992).BeforebeingappointedSecretary-General,Mr.AnnanservedasAssistantSecretary-GeneralforPeacekeepingOperations(March1992-February1993)andthenasUnder-Secretary-General(March1993-December1996).HistenureasUnder-Secretary-GeneralcoincidedwithunprecedentedgrowthinthesizeandscopeofUnitedNat

31、ionspeacekeepingoperations,withatotaldeployment,atitspeakin1995,ofalmost70,000militaryandcivilianpersonnelfrom77countries.InApril2000,heissuedaMillenniumReport,entitledWethePeoples:TheRoleoftheUnitedNationsinthe21stCentury,callingonMemberStatestocommitthemselvestoanactionplanforendingpovertyandinequ

32、ality,improvingeducation,reducingHIV/AIDS,safeguardingtheenvironmentandprotectingpeoplesfromdeadlyconflictandviolence.TheReportformedthebasisoftheMillenniumDeclarationadoptedbyHeadsofStateandGovernmentattheMillenniumSummit,heldatUNHeadquartersinSeptember2000.On10December2001,theSecretary-Generalandt

33、heUnitedNationsreceivedtheNobelPeacePrize.InconferringthePrize,theNobelCommitteesaidMr.Annan“hadbeenpre-eminentinbringingnewlifetotheOrganization.Inalsoconferringthe專業(yè).Prizeontheworldbody,theCommitteesaidthatitwished“toproclaimthattheonlynegotiableroadtoglobalpeaceandcooperationgoesbywayoftheUnitedN

34、ations.TheSecretary-GeneralisfluentinEnglish,FrenchandseveralAfricanlanguages.HeismarriedtoNaneAnnan,ofSweden,alawyerandartistwhohasagreatinterestinunderstandingtheworkoftheUnitedNationsinthefield.TwoissuesofparticularconcerntoherareHIV/AIDSandeducationforwomen.Shehasalsowrittenabookforchildrenabout

35、theUnitedNations.Mr.andMrs.Annanhavethreechildren.Section3WordsandexpressionsfromReadingWelcometotheunit1.Internationalaidhelpsmanypeoplearoundtheworldtohavebetterlives,especiallywhenthingsgowrong.(P49)cf:especially,specially,particularlyespecially相當(dāng)于inparticular做“特別地；specially相當(dāng)于onpurpose做“專門地、專門地；

36、particularly=especially指“特別、特別，especially指用于正式問題，particularly既可用于正式問題，也可用于平時(shí)口語,?？赏ㄓ?。especiallyadv.verymuch;particularly;特別，特別地Ilovethecountry,especiallyinspring.Idarenotgothere,especiallywhenyouwontgowithme.WeareverybusyespeciallywhenwehavevisitorsonSundays.Theyinvitedhertospeakespeciallybecauseofhe

37、rexperienceininnercities.People,especiallyteenagers,dontseemsopolitethesedays.Thisisaespeciallygoodwine.Ithasbeenespeciallyhotthissummer.Doyoulikechocolate?Not,especially.particularlyadv.especially,ormorethanusual:WereparticularlyinterestedtohearfrompeoplewhospeaktwoormoreEuropeanlanguages.Ididntpar

38、ticularlywanttogo,butIhadto.Imparticularlyfondofpopmusic.speciallyadv.foraparticularreason:特意地、特意地(為了特其他目的)extremelyorparticularly:Ichosethisspeciallyforyournewhouse.Icameherespeciallytoseeyou.Imadeitspeciallyforyourbirthday.ThebookisspeciallyforforeignlearnersofEnglish.典型題例1.Ithasbeen_hotthisweek.H

39、ewentthree_toseehis專業(yè).grandmayesterday.A.specially;especiallyB.especially;speciallyC.specially;speciallyD.especially;especially2.Imsorryyoudontliketheskirt_becauseheboughtit_foryouAspecially;speciallyBespecially;speciallyCparticularly;especiallyDspecially;especially答案：DB有關(guān)高考試題Itsalwaysdifficultbeing

40、inaforeigncountry,_ifyoudontspeakthelanguage.(2000全國)A.extremelyB.naturallyC.basicallyD.especially答案及剖析：選D.especially特別地。意思是不會說那個(gè)國家的語言會感覺更困難。extremely極端地；naturally自然地；basically基本上。gowronggolink-v.Lonly+adj.going,went,gonetobecome:成為,變得Theideaofgoinggreydoesntbotherme,butIdhatetogobald.Herfathersgoin

41、gsenile/blind/deaf.Ifanythinggoeswrong,youcancallouremergencyhotlinefreeofcharge.After12yearsofRepublicanpresidents,theUSwentDemocraticin1992.2.Letslookatthesepicturesanddiscussthesituationswithapartner.(P49)situationn.C1)thesetofthingsthatarehappeningandtheconditionsthatexistataparticulartimeandpla

42、ce:時(shí)局，狀況theeconomic/politicalsituationHernewsputmeinadifficultsituation.Wouldyougetinvolvedinafight?Itwoulddependonthesituation.Illworryaboutitif/when/asthesituationarises(=if/when/asithappens).2FORMALthepositionofsth.,especiallyatown,building,etc.:地理地點(diǎn)Thehousessituationintherivervalleyisperfect.sit

43、uatevt.usually+adv.orprep.toputinaparticularposition:使位于，使坐落于Theyplantosituatethebusstopatthecorneroftheroad.Tounderstandthisissue,itmustfirstbesituatedinitscontext.situatedadj.afterverbinaparticularposition:坐落在的；處于.的Theschoolissituatedneartothestation.+toinfinitiveWiththisnewproduct,wearewellsituat

44、edtobeat(=wehaveagoodchanceofbeating)ourcompetitors.Howareyousituatedfortime(=Howmuchtimedoyouhave)?有關(guān)高考試題專業(yè).Schoolchildrenmustbetaughthowtodealwithdangerous_.(2006遼寧)A.statesB.conditionsC.situationsD.positions答案及剖析：選C.state狀態(tài)，狀況；condition狀況，條件；situation時(shí)局，處境，狀況；position地點(diǎn)，地位。dangeroussituations危險(xiǎn)的處

45、境Whenthereisashortageoffood,thereisafamine.(P49)shortagen.Cwhenthereisnotenoughofsth.:缺少，短缺Theresashortageoffoodandshelterintherefugeecamps.Thelonghotsummerhasledtoseriouswatershortages.shortadj.lacking:缺少的tobeshortofspace/timeWereabitshortofcoffee-Imustgetsomemore.Thebillcomesto85,butwere15short.Im

46、alittleshort(=Idonothavemuchmoney)thisweek-couldyoulendmetendollars?Reading-TheUN-bringingeveryoneclosertogetherIampleasedtohavethischancetodaytotalktoyouabouttheUnitedNationsortheUN,asitismoreoftenreferredto.(P50)我很快樂今天有機(jī)會跟大家談?wù)劼?lián)合國，也叫UN-這個(gè)名稱在英語里更加常用。asconj.itmeans“inthewayormannerthat.AsIsaidinmylas

47、tletter,ImtakingtheexaminJuly.David,asyouknow,isaphotographer.有關(guān)高考試題TheBeatles,_manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.(2006天津)A.whatB.thatC.howD.as答案:Dreferv.refertosb./sth.phrasalverb1totalkorwriteaboutsomeoneorsth.,especiallybriefly:波及，提到Inherautobiographysheoccasionallyreferstoherunha

48、ppyschooldays.Healwaysreferstothehouseashisrefuge.Thenewsalaryscaleonlyreferstocompanymanagersanddirectors.2refersb.tosth.phrasalverbtodirectsomeoneorsth.toadifferentplaceorpersonforinformation,helporaction,oftentoapersonorgroupwithmoreknowledgeorpower:交托，交托Mydoctorreferredmetoahospitalspecialist.Th

49、eHighCourthasreferredthecasetotheCourtofAppeal.3refer(sb.)tosth.phrasalverb專業(yè).tolookat,ortellsomeoneelsetolookat,abookorsimilarrecordinordertofindinformationandhelp:參照Shespokeforanhourwithoutoncereferringtohernotes.HereferredtoahistorybooktofindoutthedatesoftheFrenchRevolution.Thereaderisconstantlyr

50、eferredbacktotheintroduction.referencen.CorUamentionofsth.:提及,波及Knowingwhathadhappened,Iavoidedmakinganyreferenceto(=mentioning)weddings.Iamwritingwith/inreferenceto(=inconnectionwith)yourletterof15March.Cawriterorabook,article,etc.thatismentionedinapieceofwriting,showingyouwheretheauthorfoundtheiri

51、nformation參照書有關(guān)高考試題1.Mostofusknowweshouldcutdownonfat,butknowingsuchthingsisntmuchhelpwhenitshoppingandeating.(2006天津)A.referstoB.speaksofC.focusesonD.comesto2.Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout_hisnotes.(2005浙江)A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingon答案及剖析:1.D.whenit

52、comesto談到,說到2.B.refertohisnotes參照他的筆錄2.Ifeelveryhonoredtohavebeentotakeonhisrole.(P50)能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)這一角色，我感覺特別有幸。honorn.Uaqualitythatcombinesrespect,prideandhonesty:榮譽(yù),榮耀amanofhonourWefoughtforthehonourofourcountry.inhonourofsb./sth.inordertocelebrateorshowgreatrespectforsomeoneorsth.:為了紀(jì)念;為了表示對的敬意abanquetinh

53、onourofthepresidentCareward,prizeortitlethatpubliclyexpressesadmirationorrespect:榮耀的人或事;有幸Shereceivedanhonourforherservicestothecommunity.Hewasburiedwithfullmilitaryhonours(=withaspecialcelebrationtoshowrespect).Itsagreathonourtobeinvited.singapersonorthingthatbringscredittosth/sb給某物(人)添光的人或事物anhono

54、urtosth/sbv.toshowgreatrespectforsomeoneorsth.,especiallyinpublic:尊敬,賞賜有幸Hewashonouredforhisbravery.Wearehonoured(=proudandhappy)tohaveyouheretonight.togivesomeonepublicpraiseorareward:給某人以榮譽(yù)專業(yè).Hewashonouredwithaknighthood.honourableadj.honestandfair,ordeservingpraiseandrespect:榮耀的,榮耀的,應(yīng)享受榮譽(yù)的anhonou

55、rablepersonhonourablyadv.Theyactedhonourablyandreturnedthewallet.takeontakesth.on(BEGIN)phrasalverb:tobegintohaveaparticularquality:開始Hervoicetookonatroubledtone.takesth.on(ACCEPT)phrasalverb:toacceptaparticularjoborresponsibility:擔(dān)當(dāng)工作或責(zé)任Shetooktoomuchonandmadeherselfill.takesb.on(EMPLOY)phrasalverb

56、:toemploysomeone:聘任某人Shewastakenonasalaboratoryassistant.takesb.on(FIGHT)phrasalverb:tocompeteagainstorfightsomeone:與某人競爭,斗爭TheGovernmenttookontheunionsandwon.take常用短語takeaftersb.容貌或性格像takesth.away送走,拿走takeback取回;送還,退貨;使回想起takedown拿下;拆毀,翻開;寫下,記下takein拿進(jìn);吸入;認(rèn)識;欺詐,蒙騙;把衣服改小takeoff移開,除；成功；脫掉:跳躍:安眠;減去,減價(jià)

57、takeout攜出,拿出;除掉,拔去takeover繼承,接收takeup拿起,舉起:占(時(shí)間,地址);開始(工作,興趣);連續(xù)(中止的話)Hetakesafterhismother/hismotherssideofthefamily.Takethesechairsaway-wedontneedthem.Supermarketsaretakingbusinessawayfromsmalllocalshops.Isittoosmall?Takeitbackandgetarefund.Thatpieceofmusicreallytookmeback(tomyschooldays).Hetookdo

58、wnmyaddressandphonenumberandsaidhedphoneback.IhadtoreadthelettertwicebeforeIcouldtakeitallin.Itwasaninterestingexhibition,buttherewastoomuchtotakeinatonce.Icantbelieveshewastakeninbyhim.Illhavetotakethisdressinatthewaist-itstoobig.Hetookoffhisclothesandgotintothebath.Hersingingcareerhadjustbeguntota

59、keoff.專業(yè).Ivehadatoothtakenout.Thecompanyheworksforhasrecentlybeentakenover.Thisdesktakesuptoomuchroom.Toomuchofthisreportistakenupwithout-of-datefigures.Iantookup(=continued)thestorywhereSuehadleftoff.有關(guān)高考試題Helenalwayshelpshermothereventhoughgoingtoschool_mostofherday.(2003北京)A.takesupB.makesupC.sav

60、esupD.putsup答案及剖析：A.takeupmostofherday占有她一天中的大部分時(shí)間。3.SowhenwastheUnitedNationssetup?那么，結(jié)合國是什么時(shí)候建立的呢？setsth.upphrasalverbM1)toformallyestablishanewcompany,organization,system,wayofworking,etc:建立Acommitteehasbeensetuptoorganizesocialeventsinthecollege.Sheplanstosetupherownbusiness.Theyvesetupafundforv