英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件

1、英美文化簡(jiǎn)介 ppt課件英美文化簡(jiǎn)介 ppt課件Lecture 6 Greek Epic Poems（希臘史詩(shī)）Lecture 6 Greek Epic Poems（希I. What is an Epic? A long narrative poem on a great subjectWritten in a dignified styleTells about the adventures of a traditional hero with super-human courage and strength, who fights a war or takes a long and dif

2、ficult journey.Embodies the value of the cultures they are written for. I. What is an Epic? A long nar英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件II. Homer (荷馬) (c. 850 BC-c. 800 BC)II. Homer (荷馬) (c. 850 BC-c. 8A Greek poet.The earliest example of ancient Greek cultureSet the ideas of the Good and the Beautiful (善和美)A Greek

3、 poet.Said to be a blind man Wrote two epic poems: The Iliad The OdysseySaid to be a blind man Composed his works orally Recited or sang them aloud. Composed his works orally Homer and his guideHomer and his guide英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件III. The Iliad (伊利亞特)III. The Iliad (伊利亞特)1. The Historical Troy1. The Histori

4、cal TroyThe Trojan areaThe Trojan areaTroy discovered Troy discovered Troy ruinsTroy ruinsThings discovered in TroyThings discovered in TroyReconstruction of Troy - 13th centuryReconstruction of Troy - 13th Troy from the NorthTroy from the NorthCity of TroyCity of TroyStory of the Trojan War Troy wa

5、s said to be built by Apollo and Poseidon for Laomedon, the king.Story of the Trojan War Troy wPriam, son of Laomedon, became King of TroyPriam, son of Laomedon, becameHis wife Hecuba gave birth to a son named Paris after a dream of a flaming torch. Cassandra, the prophetic daughter of Priam, said t

6、hat Paris should be killed or else he would destroy the city. His wife Hecuba gave birth to But Paris was rescued by shepherds and grew up away from the city on a farm. But Paris was rescued by shephAs a young man, Paris returned home and was received by the royal family.Priam and ParisAs a young ma

7、n, Paris returnedParisParisCauses of the War Apple of Discord Zeus, father of the gods, desired the nymph Thetis. However, a prophecy said she would have a son who was greater than his father. Zeus decided to marry her to Peleus, king of the Myrmidons. Causes of the War Apple of DisWedding of Peleus

8、 & ThetisWedding of Peleus & ThetisAll gods invited to the celebration, except Eris, the goddess of discord.All gods invited to the celebrEris, goddess of discordEris, goddess of discordEris came anyway and brought a golden apple, upon which was written For the fairest.Eris came anyway and brought a

9、Golden AppleGolden AppleThe Beauty contest: Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite The Beauty contest: Hera, AthJudgment of ParisThe bribes Hera: Power, to rule Europe & Asia Athena: Honor, to get victory in all battles Aphrodite: Love, to marry the fairest woman on earthJudgment of ParisThe bribes 英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件英美

10、文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件Paris gives the apple to AphroditeParis gives the apple to AphroHelenHelenHelen Helen, daughter of Leda and Zeus, was stunningly beautiful.Many Greek princes courted her for marriage.To avoid trouble, her step father made all the suitors swear to protect Helen and her chosen groom. Helen chos

11、e Menelaus, who later became king of Sparta. Helen Helen, daughter of Leda Helen and MenelausHelen and MenelausHelen from the Trojan War movieHelen from the Trojan War moviHelen of TroyHelen of TroyParis came to visit Sparta and greeted with hospitality Paris fell in love with Helen. While Menelaus

12、sails to Crete, Helen ran away with Paris, taking away a vast amount of the treasure from Sparta.Paris came to visit Sparta andHelen and ParisHelen and ParisThe abduction of HelenThe abduction of HelenThe abduction of HelenThe abduction of HelenParis introduces Helen to PriamParis introduces Helen t

13、o PriaHelen in TroyHelen in TroyParis and HelenParis and HelenParis and HelenParis and HelenPreparations for War All the Greek princes were bound by the oath to recover Helen.Many of them did not want to come, including Odysseus and Achilles.Preparations for War All the GAgamemnonAgamemnon, brother

14、to Menelaus, became the Commander of the Greek army.AgamemnonAgamemnon, brother toThe sacrifice of IphigeniaTo get west wind for the fleet, Agamemnon had to sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia. The sacrifice of IphigeniaTo gAgamemnon and MenelausAgamemnon and MenelausSailing towards TroySailing towards

15、 TroyGreek fleet reached TroyGreek fleet reached TroyGods take sides Apollo, Aphrodite, Ares, and Artemis stand on the Trojan side. Hera, Athena, Poseidon, Hermes, and Hephaestus stand on the Greek side. Zeus, Hades, Demeter and Hestia stayed relatively neutralGods take sides Apollo, AphrodTrojan Wa

16、rTrojan WarBeginning of the warTop Greek Warriors Agamemnon Menelaus Achilles Patroclus Ajax Diomedes Odysseus Nestor Top Trojan Warriors Hector Paris Priam Sarpedon Andromache Cycnus TroilusAeneas Beginning of the warTop Greek Agamemnon leads the Greek troopsAgamemnon leads the Greek trooTrojans ar

17、e ready for the battleTrojans are ready for the battAttackingAttackingDefendingDefendingA long lasting warNine years of siege Greeks attacking the surrounding cities to cut off Trojan supplyAchilles, the greatest of the Greek warriors, slew Cycnus, Troilus, and many other Trojans.A long lasting warN

18、ine years o英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件Quarrel between Achilles & AgamemnonApollo made the Greeks sick. The Oracle said it was because Agamemnon refused to release a captive girl who was the daughter of a priest of Apollo. Agamemnon had to give up his captive, but he took Achilles favorite captive girl instead, thus i

19、nsulting Achilles. In a rage, Achilles refused to fight for Troy. Quarrel between Achilles & AgaAchilles confronts with AgamemnonAchilles confronts with Agamem英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件Achilles refuses to fightAchilles refuses to fightSingle combat of Paris & Menelaus Paris challenged Menelaus in single combat for H

20、elen. They fought, and Menelaus was winning, but Aphrodite saved Paris when he was about to be killed. Single combat of Paris & Menel英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件The Greeks sufferedIn the absence of Achilles and following Zeuss promise to Thetis, Hector enjoyed great success against the Greeks, breaking through their d

21、efensive line on the beach and setting the ships on fire.Agamemnon sent Odysseus to request Achilles, to return to battle and offered many rewards in compensation for his initial insult.The Greeks sufferedIn the abse英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件Ajax defends the shipsAjax defends the shipsPatroclus death in Achilles arm

22、or Achilles still refused to fight. When Hector reached the Greek ships, Achilless friend Patroclus was allowed to return to the fight. Patroclus enjoyed some dazzling success, but was finally killed by Hector, with the help of Apollo.Patroclus death in Achilles 英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件Hector and Andromache The mi

23、ghty Hector rallied the Trojans and they fought off the Greeks. His wife Andromache asked him if he could stay, but he told her he was fated to be killed, and she was fated to end her days as a slave. So he returned to the battle.Hector and Andromache The mighHector prepares for the battlefieldHecto

24、r prepares for the battleHector says good-bye to his wifeHector says good-bye to his wiAchilles Retaliation & Hectors Death In his grief over the death of his friend Patroclus, Achilles rejoined the battle.Achilles Retaliation & HectorAfter killing many Trojans, Achilles finally cornered Hector alon

25、e outside the walls of Troy. After killing many Trojans, AcAchilles fights with HectorAchilles fights with HectorHector chose to stand and fight rather than to retreat into the city, and he was killed by Achilles. Hector chose to stand and fighAchilles kills HectorAchilles kills HectorThen Achilles

26、dragged Hectors body behind his chariot, and decided to give Patroclus a great funeral.Then Achilles dragged HectorsAchilles triumphantAchilles triumphantPriam traveled to the Greek camp to plead for the return of Hectors body, and Achilles agreed. Priam traveled to the Greek caHectors dead bodyHect

27、ors dead bodyAndromache mourns HectorAndromache mourns HectorAchilles Death During the twelve-day truce (休戰(zhàn)) for Hectors funeral, Achilles saw Polyxena with her brother Troilus. Achilles ambushed the pair, killing Troilus, but he was attracted by the princess. Priam thought of plan of killing Achill

28、es by tricking him into a marriage negotiation in the temple of Apollo.Paris, hidden from view, waited with his bow and poisoned arrow. As Achilles knelt at the altar, Paris shot him at the ankle with the help of Apollo, thus killing Achilles. Achilles Death During the twePolyxena invites Achilles P

29、olyxena invites Achilles Paris shoots AchillesParis shoots Achilles英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件Achilles deathAchilles deathAfter the death of Achilles, Odysseus and Ajax fought over Achilles armour. Ajax lost the contest, went mad and committed suicide.His death dealt a terrible blow to the Greeks.The Amazon warriors

30、joined the Trojan side and the war was not going well for the Greeks at this point. After the death of Achilles, OThe Wooden Horse According to Odysseus plan, the Greeks built a wooden horse. They hid their warriors inside the horse and waited for the Trojans. Then the Greek army sailed away and hid

31、.The Trojans came out and argued whether to take it inside the city. The Greek spy Sinon told them the horse was an offering to Athena or for good luck. So they should take the horse into their city to get Athenas protection. The Wooden Horse According to The Trojan HorseThe Trojan HorseLaocoon, the

32、 priest of Poseidon, warned them not to take it in, but Poseidon sent serpents to kill his sons and himself. The Trojans took the horse into the city. Laocoon, the priest of PoseidoThe Trojan HorseThe Trojan Horse英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件The fall of TroyThat night after the Trojans had fallen to s

33、leep, the Greeks got out of the horse and opened the city gates letting the rest of the Greek army in. The Greeks sacked the city to the extent of angering even the gods who were on their side. They raped and killed people near several of the gods altars and burned the city. After ten years, the war

34、 was finally over. The fall of TroyThat night aftThe Burning of TroyThe Burning of Troy英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件英美文化簡(jiǎn)介-課件The city was totally destroyed. King Priam was slaughtered at the altar by Achilless son Neoptolemos. Hectors infant son, Astyanax, was thrown off the battlements. The women were taken prisoner: Hecuba (wife of Priam), Cassandra (daughter of Priam), and Andromache (wife of Hector). Helen was returned t