定語從句講義

1、Attributive Clause基本句式：主+謂；主+謂+賓；主+謂+間賓+直賓；主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)；主+系（謂）+表句子必須具備一套完整的_結(jié)構(gòu)。（祈使句中的主語是隱含的說話雙方明確知曉的）把下列句子合并成一個(gè)句子：1. He opened the door. He entered the classroom. _2. He cant speak English well. He likes it._3. We all know it. Light travels faster than sound. _4. He borrowed one of my books. I liked the

2、m the best._一般說來，在沒有_的情況下，每個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有且僅有_套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。并列連詞如_等連接的分句都可獨(dú)立成句（兩個(gè)分句地位平等），而 that/ which/ why等引導(dǎo)的分句中是句子（_句）當(dāng)中的一個(gè)_, 這樣的分句被稱作_。定語從句就是在一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)_的從句。定語是什么？試比較下面幾個(gè)名詞或名詞短語：books; books that I like the best; one of the books that I like the best修飾_的成分是定語。定語對(duì)名詞起修飾限定的作用，使被修飾的對(duì)象呈現(xiàn)得更_。找出下列句子當(dāng)中的定語從句：1. The boy who

3、is wearing a red jacket bought a bicycle.2. A plane is a machine that can fly.3. This is the place where he lives.定語從句一般位于其_之后，這個(gè)名詞被稱為_.引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞被稱為 _, 可以分為_如who/whom（人）, that（人/物）, which(物)等，以及_如when, where, why。把下面的句子合并成一個(gè)包含定語從句的句子：1. I have many friends. I am going to send postcards to them._2. Th

4、e river was polluted seriously. The river runs through the centre of the city._3. Leiden is a nice town. I visited it last year._4. We wont believe people. These people often tell lies._關(guān)系_詞連接主句和從句，通常_在_中充當(dāng)_、_。 = 1 * GB3 1. I wont forget the days. We worked together in those days._2. He grew up in t

5、he village. He was born in the village._3. Thats the reason. I asked you to come here for the reason._關(guān)系_詞連接主句和從句，通常_在_中充當(dāng)_。 = 2 * GB3 _引導(dǎo)的定語從句把下面的句子合并成一個(gè)包含定語從句的句子：1. I know the man. The oldest son of him is a doctor._2. I wish to thank Professor Smith. Without the help of him I would never have got

6、 so far._關(guān)系代詞_在定語從句中充當(dāng)_，表示所屬關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于the+n. of which/whom。把下列句子當(dāng)中的主句和定語從句分裂成兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子：1. The one million people, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night._2. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away._3. The number of people who were killed or serio

7、usly injured reached more than 400,000._4. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan._5. The army organized teams to dig out whose who were trapped and to bury the dead._6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destro

8、yed._7. The film we saw last night is very interesting._8. He is one of the students who know French._9. I still remember the time when I was in college._10. I have forgotten the exact date when this country became independent._11. This is the hotel where they stayed._12. We have reached a point whe

9、re a change is needed._ = 1 * GB3 + = 2 * GB3 關(guān)系_+關(guān)系_.(可以利用關(guān)系詞的指代關(guān)系判定是用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞, whose除外)練習(xí)：1. I treasure those days _ we spent together.2. Gone are the days _ we communicated with each other by writing letters.3. The reason _ he told me was not persuasive at all.4. The reason _ I was late is tha

10、t I was trapped in heavy traffic.5. This is the town _ I want to travel very much.6. This is the town to _ I want to travel very much.關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)：先行詞指人還是指物；定語從句本身對(duì)成分的需求；有無特殊條件特殊情況：只用that不用which的情況當(dāng)先行詞是all, much, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, none等指物的不定代詞或被其修飾時(shí)。當(dāng)先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾，或先行詞為形

11、容詞最高級(jí)或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the last, the very等詞修飾時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞本身在定語從句中也作表語時(shí)。只用which不用that的情況：在定語從句中作介詞賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)只用who不用that的情況先行詞是指人的不定代詞如：one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none等，或先行詞為those或被those 修飾時(shí)There be 句型中先行詞為人時(shí)其它情況：當(dāng)先行詞為the way時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以用th

12、at或者in which或者省掉什么都不用。當(dāng)先行詞由the same/such修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用as練習(xí)：1. She told me everything _ she knew.2. What impressed me most were the things and persons _ we talked about at the meeting last week.3. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.4. The first place _ they visited in Guil

13、in was Elephant Trunk Hill.5. Iv read all the books _ were borrowed from others.6. Mr Smith is the only foreigner _ she knows.7. I can remember well the persons and some pictures _ I saw in the room.8. I have done all the work _ he told me to do.9. This is the best film _ I have ever seen.10. Which

14、is the true story _ he told us.11. Im looking for a container in _ I can put all these coins.12. The reason _ he explained to us for her absence from the party sounded reasonable.13. This is the very plan for the summer holiday _ was suggested by his father.14. He isnt the boy _ he was.15. I did not

15、hing _ might hurt you.16. This is the room in _ he lives.17. The first song _ I learned will never be forgotten.18. These articles are the very ones _ should be read.19. Tome came back, _ made us very happy.20. The student you should learn from is the one _ works hard and studies well.21. There is a

16、 young lady _ asks for you.限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句：1. A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health.2. Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed two years.3. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night._定語從句用來修飾和限定_，與先行詞的關(guān)系非常密切，說明先行詞的性質(zhì)、身份、特征等狀況，如果去掉，句子意思會(huì)含糊不清。_定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明

17、的作用，即使缺少也不會(huì)影響對(duì)全句的理解。在非限制性定語從句的前面往往有_與先行詞/句隔開，若將非限制性定語從句放在句子中間，其前后都需要用逗號(hào)隔開。使用非限定性定語從句的情況：關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容時(shí)（此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞不可用that）先行詞指的是世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或?qū)Ｓ忻~時(shí)先行詞指的是某人唯一的某個(gè)親屬時(shí)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)some/many/a few/most/of which/ whom等時(shí)1. She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much.2. The moon, which is 384,400 kilometers

18、 away from the earth, creates many beautiful stones.3. My father, who is an excellent violinist, is giving a concert next month.4. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently.as和which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別：1. As can be seen, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.2. Shangha

19、i is a big city in China, as/ which we all know.3. The Beatles, as many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.4. The road was too slippery, which caused a lot of accidents.5. The child had a fever every day, which worried his parents very much._引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)，通常譯為_, 在從句中充當(dāng)一些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（如see,

20、know, remember, expect, show等）的賓語， 此類從句可位于_、_、_。其引導(dǎo)的定語從句通常表示說話人對(duì)話語的看法、態(tài)度、解釋或評(píng)論。_引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)，通常指代_所提到的_，常譯為“這/這一點(diǎn)/ 這件事”，一般充當(dāng)從句中實(shí)義動(dòng)詞主語，此時(shí)從句只能位于被修飾句子的_。其引導(dǎo)的此類從句主要是對(duì)主句的提到的事情進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，表明事物存在的狀態(tài)或引起的結(jié)果。當(dāng)先行詞為the way時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以用that或者in which或者省掉什么都不用。當(dāng)先行詞由the same/such修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用as練習(xí)：1. She told me everything _ she k

21、new.2. What impressed me most were the things and persons _ we talked about at the meeting last week.3. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.4. The first place _ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.5. Iv read all the books _ were borrowed from others.6. Mr

22、Smith is the only foreigner _ she knows.7. I can remember well the persons and some pictures _ I saw in the room.8. I have done all the work _ he told me to do.9. This is the best film _ I have ever seen.10. Which is the true story _ he told us.11. Im looking for a container in _ I can put all these

23、 coins.12. The reason _ he explained to us for her absence from the party sounded reasonable.13. This is the very plan for the summer holiday _ was suggested by his father.14. He isnt the boy _ he was.15. I did nothing _ might hurt you.16. This is the room in _ he lives.17. The first song _ I learne

24、d will never be forgotten.18. These articles are the very ones _ should be read.19. Tome came back, _ made us very happy.20. The student you should learn from is the one _ works hard and studies well.21. There is a young lady _ asks for you.限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句：1. A doctor is a person who looks after pe

25、oples health.2. Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed two years.3. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night._定語從句用來修飾和限定_，與先行詞的關(guān)系非常密切，說明先行詞的性質(zhì)、身份、特征等狀況，如果去掉，句子意思會(huì)含糊不清。_定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，即使缺少也不會(huì)影響對(duì)全句的理解。在非限制性定語從句的前面往往有_與先行詞/句隔開，若將非限制性定語從句放在句子中間，其前后都需要用逗號(hào)隔開。使用非限定性定語從句的情況：關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容時(shí)（此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞不可用that）先行詞指的是世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或?qū)Ｓ忻~時(shí)先行詞指的是某人唯一的某個(gè)親屬時(shí)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)some/many/a few/most/of which/ whom等時(shí)1. She said she had finished her work, which I