保持腸道健康-蛋雞養(yǎng)殖課件

1、Robert Van WyheMaintaining Intestinal Health保持腸道健康 Hy-Line International羅伯特 范 威赫Robert Van WyheMaintaining IntIntestine is the main organ in the body腸道是身體內(nèi)主要的器官80% of the immune system80%的免疫系統(tǒng)Heavily influenced by diet and management受日糧和飼養(yǎng)管理的影響非常大Intestine is the main organ inIntestine 腸道Fat 脂肪Prote

2、in蛋白質(zhì)Several factors affect absorption一些影響消化吸收的因素Quantity of nutrient 營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的數(shù)量Quality of nutrient 營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量Health of the animal 動(dòng)物健康狀況Microbial population 微生物種群Carbohydrates碳水化合物Intestine 腸道Fat 脂肪Protein蛋白質(zhì)Se保持腸道健康-蛋雞養(yǎng)殖課件保持腸道健康-蛋雞養(yǎng)殖課件Feed quality and quantity 飼料質(zhì)量和數(shù)量 Limiting amino acids 限制性氨基酸 Digesti

3、bility of nutrients 營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的可消化性 Particle size 顆粒大小 Digesta viscosity 消化物粘性 Course particle preference 顆粒大小偏好 High Non-Starch Polysaccharide diets 高非淀粉多糖飼料 Sticky droppings 粘性糞便 Hy-Line InternationalFeed quality and quantity 飼料質(zhì)Water quality 飲水質(zhì)量 Water temperature 水溫 Cool water can improve feed intake

4、and production in hot climates 氣候炎熱時(shí)提供冷水可以增加采食量和生產(chǎn)性能 pH pH值 Minerals 礦物元素 Trace 蹤跡 Bacteria 細(xì)菌 Hy-Line InternationalWater quality 飲水質(zhì)量 Water tempeGood health 身體健康 Increased production 生產(chǎn)性能提升 Good feather cover 羽毛覆蓋良好 Active and alert 機(jī)警并且有活力Poor health 健康狀況不良 Lack of production 生產(chǎn)性能不好 General signs

5、of disease 表現(xiàn)出疾病的特征 Ruffled feathers 雜亂褶皺的羽毛 Liquid feces 拉稀Signs of good health 身體健康的標(biāo)志 Hy-Line InternationalGood health 身體健康 Increased proCoccidiosis 球蟲(chóng)病Modified from Saxonet 1996 - 2005Coccidiosis 球蟲(chóng)病Modified from Coccidiosis 球蟲(chóng)病Modified from Saxonet 1996 - 2005Coccidiosis 球蟲(chóng)病Modified from Coccid

6、iosis 球蟲(chóng)病Modified from Saxonet 1996 - 2005Coccidiosis 球蟲(chóng)病Modified from Coccidiosis 球蟲(chóng)病Modified from Saxonet 1996 - 2005Coccidiosis 球蟲(chóng)病Modified from Hy-Line International Hy-Line InternationalCoccidia treatment 球蟲(chóng)病的治療 Vaccination 免疫 Immunity at 16 weeks 16周左右進(jìn)行免疫 Not passed from parent to offspring 不

7、會(huì)垂直傳播 Coccidiostats 抗球蟲(chóng)藥 Monesin (Coban) 能霉素 Narasin (Maxiban) 甲基鹽霉素 Amprolium 安普羅銨 Hy-Line InternationalCoccidia treatment 球蟲(chóng)病的治療 VacClostridial diseases 梭菌疾病 Necrotic Enteritis 壞死性腸炎 C. perfringens 產(chǎn)氣莢膜梭狀芽胞桿菌 Gangrenous Dermatitis 壞疽性皮炎 C. septicum,C. sordellii, C. colinum, 敗毒梭菌，索氏梭菌，腸道梭菌 C. perfr

8、ingens 產(chǎn)氣夾膜梭狀芽胞桿菌 Botulism 肉毒中毒 C. botulinum 肉毒梭菌 Focal duodenal necrosis 十二指腸局灶性壞死? Hy-Line InternationalClostridial diseases 梭菌疾病 Necr Hy-Line International Hy-Line International Hy-Line InternationalFocal Duodenal Necrosis 十二指腸局灶性壞死 Hy-Line InternationalFocal Clostridial diseases 梭菌疾病 In the USA,

9、 bacitracin (BMD) at 25g per ton of feed is the most common and successful treatment 在美國(guó)，每噸飼料添加25克桿菌肽是最常用和有效的治療方法 Other antibiotics including: 其他抗生素包括： oxytetracycline 氧四環(huán)素 chlortetracycline 金霉素 penicillin 青霉素 neomycin 新霉素 tylosin 泰樂(lè)菌素 erythromycin 紅霉素Clostridial diseases 梭菌疾病 In tFeed additives 飼料添

10、加劑 All feed additives have similar goals 所有飼料添加劑都有相似的目標(biāo) Increase nutritive value of feedstuffs 增加飼料營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值 Increase commensal bacterial population 增加共生的細(xì)菌群落 Decrease pathogenic bacterial population 減少致病的細(xì)菌群落 Decrease affect of pathogenic bacteria 降低致病細(xì)菌的影響 Hy-Line InternationalFeed additives 飼料添加劑 All

11、feedFeed additives 飼料添加劑 Enzymes 酶 Prebiotics 益生元 Probiotics 益生菌Feed additives 飼料添加劑 EnzymesFeed additives 飼料添加劑 Enzymes 酶 Phytase 植酸酶 -glucanase, xylanase, cellulase葡聚糖酶，木聚糖酶，纖維素酶 Proteases 蛋白酶Feed additives 飼料添加劑 Enzymes PPPhytate and Phytase 肌醇六磷酸和植酸酶StarchPHYTASEPPPPPHYTASEPHYTASEP = PhosphorusP

12、PPhytate and Phytase 肌醇六磷酸和植酸 Hy-Line InternationalMirzaie et al., 2012Effectsofxylanase supplementation on performance of hens fed wheat based diets向小麥基礎(chǔ)日糧中添加木聚糖酶后對(duì)產(chǎn)蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能的影響ba飼養(yǎng)日產(chǎn)蛋率% Hy-Line InternationalMirzaiEffectsofxylanase supplementation on performance of hens fed wheat based diets向小麥基礎(chǔ)日糧中添加

13、木聚糖酶后對(duì)產(chǎn)蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能的影響 Hy-Line InternationalMirzaie et al., 2012ba飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率（飼料/蛋）Effectsofxylanase supplementEnzymes 酶 Pros 優(yōu)點(diǎn) Improves less than optimal diets改善質(zhì)量不理想的飼料 Reduces environmental impact降低環(huán)境的影響 Decreased cost 減少成本 50 kcal/kg Apparent Metabolizable Energy 50千卡/千克表觀代謝能 1% protein 1% 蛋白質(zhì) 0.1% availab

14、le Phosphorus0.1%可利用磷 Cons 缺點(diǎn) Optimal supplementation levels?最佳的添加水平？ Diminished returns when using multiple enzymes多種酶混合使用時(shí)效果降低 Not disease treatment對(duì)疾病無(wú)治療效果 Few if any water delivery options不能添加到飲水使用 Hy-Line InternationalEnzymes 酶 Pros 優(yōu)點(diǎn) Cons 缺點(diǎn) HyIssues to consider 需要考慮的問(wèn)題 Heat treatment 熱處理 Can

15、t digest above 100% 消化率不會(huì)超過(guò)100% Match enzyme to your needs 根據(jù)需要選擇適用的酶 Be specific 具有特效的 Hy-Line InternationalIssues to consider 需要考慮的問(wèn)題 HeaPrebiotics 益生元 Indigestible 難以消化 Can effect microbiota 可以影響微生物群 Food for beneficial bacteria 益生菌群的食物 Binds to bacteria 與菌落群捆綁 Hy-Line InternationalPrebiotics 益生元

16、 Indigestible 難 Hy-Line International Hy-Line InternationalYeast supplementation and shell weight補(bǔ)充酵母和蛋殼重量 Hy-Line InternationalYeast supplementation and shelPrebiotics 益生元 Pros 優(yōu)點(diǎn) Improve bacteria in the gut改善腸道菌群 Protection from disease增強(qiáng)疾病抵抗力 Mineral absorption?礦物元素吸收？ Potential for improved perf

17、ormance提高生產(chǎn)性能潛力 Cons 缺點(diǎn) High fiber diets高纖維日糧 Can target incorrect bacteria錯(cuò)誤的目標(biāo)菌落 No water delivery不能飲水添加 Cost savings hard to measure難以測(cè)定是否節(jié)約成本 Hy-Line InternationalPrebiotics 益生元 Pros 優(yōu)點(diǎn) Cons 缺點(diǎn)Probiotics 益生菌 Mechanisms not always proven in vivo 機(jī)制 在活體內(nèi)并不經(jīng)常有效Effects on host 影響宿主Effects on other m

18、icroorganisms 影響其他菌群 Very specific in action 活性非常特殊Highly variable 變化性非常大Gram negative Gram negative 革蘭氏陰性 革蘭氏陰性 Lactobacillus spp. Lactobacillus spp. 乳酸菌 乳酸菌Lactobacillus reuteri Lactobacillus reuteri 羅伊氏乳桿菌 羅伊氏乳桿菌Broiler Laying hen 肉雞 產(chǎn)蛋雞 Many claims unproven 許多未經(jīng)證實(shí)的說(shuō)法Probiotics 益生菌 Mechanisms nPr

19、obiotic mechanisms 益生菌的機(jī)制 Hy-Line InternationalProbiotic mechanisms 益生菌的機(jī)制 Hy-Line International Hy-Line InternationalPerformance of laying hens fed various probiotics飼喂不同益生菌的蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能 Hy-Line InternationalBozkurt et al., 2011飼養(yǎng)日產(chǎn)蛋率Performance of laying hens fedPerformance of laying hens fed various pr

20、obiotics飼喂不同益生菌的蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能 Hy-Line InternationalBozkurt et al., 2011飼料轉(zhuǎn)化效率（飼料/蛋）Performance of laying hens fedProbiotic 益生菌 Pros 優(yōu)點(diǎn) Can improve performance可以提高生產(chǎn)性能 More eggs 更多雞蛋 Better Feed Conversion Ratio 更好的飼料轉(zhuǎn)化效率 Immunomodulation免疫調(diào)節(jié) Better if given prior to challenge受到外界影響之前使用效果較好 Cons 缺點(diǎn) Highly variable變化性太大 Many unproven claims許多未經(jīng)證實(shí)的說(shuō)法 Variety of strains 菌株多樣Probiotic 益生菌 Pros 優(yōu)點(diǎn) Cons 缺點(diǎn)Other feed additives 其他飼料添加劑 Synbiotics 合生素 Organic acids 有機(jī)酸 pH pH值 Phytogenics 源于植物的物質(zhì) Plant extracts 植物提取物 Hy-Li