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1、 : to+do(高 。)動詞不定式由 “ + 動詞原組成是動詞的一種非謂語形式詞不定式在句中可 充當(dāng)語、表語、賓語、定、狀語、賓補、主補1 動詞不定式在句中的語功能:()動詞不定式(短語)主語 is be loved. 愛別人就是被人愛。 To is 。 教書就奉獻。*to 和 ing 主語時的區(qū)別 Smoking is a bad habit. (v-ing 作主語表示習(xí)慣性動作 home a comfortable。 (動詞不定式作主語表示偶然性或一 次性的動作)*不式作主語和目的語時 區(qū)別例如: get up early does good ones 。早起對身體有好處主語) get

2、up early, go to early.為了早起必須早睡(作的狀語(2) 動詞不定式(語 )作語I will it you the final 我將由你來做最后的決定 作式賓語) decided to quit her at 最后,她決定辭職。*疑問詞 動詞不定式短語賓語 :I dont what to do. 我不知該怎么辦。 are learning the game. 孩子們在做游戲。例如(NMET2000 worked with children before I what in my new job。 A。 expected B。 to expect 。 D。 (答案:B) (

3、expect 在句中作 know 的賓語,而 作定式 to expect 的邏輯賓語. (四川 09) He told _ still A. to B。 have D 。 (答案: A)又如It is that Australia there is than the government A. it with B. what to do it do it D with it答案是 C。 do it 的賓語注意:有些動詞后面必跟動名詞作賓語,平要注意區(qū)別,行區(qū)分。 , remember, try, regret, mean, stop 等動后既可跟不定式可跟動名詞 ,須 根據(jù)其習(xí)慣用法和語境進行

4、取舍例如(MET91):- The light in office is still on. Oh, I A. it off B。 turn it off C. turn it off D 。 it off答案是 C 意忘了某事forget “忘了做(某事 remember 有類似的區(qū)別.類似的有try do“盡力做try “試著做 to “很 遺憾地說 doing“后悔了”;mean to “意欲/ 想要做 doing“意 味著做 do“停下來做另外的事情, “停止正在做的事情(3)詞不定式(短語)作語 important thing for now is to 1現(xiàn)在對美國來說,最重要的是

5、搶救員。注意 :在形容詞 + 不定式 ”結(jié)構(gòu)作語賓補 和語 時其形容詞 多為表示性質(zhì)的 詞,如: hard, good, , interesting 等,常是主動式表被動。 例如 These apples are good to eat. 這些蘋果好吃。 (作表語)I find it difficult to 。 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這很難懂 (作賓補 )He is a man get on with. 他是一容易相處的.作定語 box light enough 這盒子得可帶走作語) is tell。 未來很預(yù)測。(作表語 *注 All you have do ( job 如果主語部有個表示不定式 容的 用

6、作表語不定式可省略 to.又: nothing to do _ (watch) TV 。 (答: did nothing _ (watch) TV 。 答案: () 動詞不定式(短)作賓語補足語。 me to stay here. She Wed love you to give us 個。注意 :在一些動詞后,用賓語補語的動詞不定符號 要省略掉。 這動詞包括感官動 詞以及使役動詞 feel look at, hear, have, , get 等。但如果句子為被語態(tài),動詞不定式 (短為主補時 ,要帶 。I had fix my bike. 我讓約翰修我的自行車.They saw from t

7、ree.- boy was seen to from the tree。 have be made_ 。 He hard. (答案B)A. learn B. learn C learned D 。 learning辨析:I her sing song in next room yesterday. (強調(diào)聽歌的整個過程)(=She was to sing song in room )I her sinning song I by.(調(diào)動作正在發(fā)生)(=She was singing song when I by.)*see, 的賓語后還可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作補語變成被動語態(tài)時仍保留分詞的形 式,表示正

8、在發(fā)生的動作。例如: missing were last _ river. (答案:A)A. playing B. be playing D. (5)動詞不定式(短 )作定語 動詞不定式(語 )定語需后置 .*動不定式作定語與詞作定語的區(qū)別:過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)完成,現(xiàn)分詞表示動作正在發(fā)生當(dāng)中,而定式則表示將要 發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)辨析: The held important 表示動作已經(jīng)完) meeting is . (表示動作正在行當(dāng)中 ) meeting to be important. (表示動作要發(fā)生)2注意:1)當(dāng)被飾的是不定代詞 everything, , little 等或被修飾的

9、詞前 被形容詞最高級序數(shù)詞,the 強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)修飾時 ,謂語動詞作定語則用詞不定 式。Do you have anything say? 你有么要說的嗎I afraid I cannot party, for I too many He is the person to know the truth. 他是唯一了解相的人 the question was , he was the first one to raise his hand.他一個舉起手 He was the last to realize the of problem。2)如被修飾的名詞或代是動詞不定的邏輯賓語,且動詞不定式的動詞是

10、及物動 詞則后面需跟成為搭配介詞。Who is the man to talk to? 要談話的是誰He is a tough deal 。 他是個很難對付的老師.I need to write with。 我需要一筆寫字例如:To fetch water seemed a (上海高考題 A。 break B 。 be broken C。 never to D be 答案是 B,在句中作定語于 不定式的邏輯賓語,所以不定式了被動結(jié)構(gòu) 又如: are five pairs_, but Im at a loss which to buy. (上海高考 ) A。 be chosen B. to fr

11、om to choose D 。 for 答案是 B,這是“不定式 + 介詞”作定語。題意是“從五雙中一雙須在 choose 后加上介詞 類似的如 a in, a with, topic to talk 等() 動詞不定式 (短語)作狀語動詞不定式(短語)作狀語可以示目的結(jié)果,原因等。 目的狀語 family came out to performance. 全家人出來看我表演。He to 。 他打電話來道別. 結(jié)果狀語 rushed to the station to find (表示出乎意料 the train had just left.我們匆匆趕到火車站,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)車剛剛離開了。He s

12、tudied only to fail。 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,但卻沒及格。 went to China five ago, never to return.她五年前去了華南,結(jié)果從未返回. 注意: doing 也可以結(jié)果狀語,但示自然而然的結(jié)。His parents killed in accident, him They all left, leaving me 。 原因狀語動詞不定式(短語)常跟在一些容詞后面,說明產(chǎn)生這些情緒的因。這類形容詞 有, grieved, frightened, , glad, delighted, , , ready, 等。I sorry you。 father s

13、urprised to learn that his like 3得知兒子花錢如流水,父親感到吃驚。 will very happy to work on this with 。和您一起合作這個項目,我們感很高興。() 動詞不定式(語)作獨立成動詞不定式(短語)可以用來作子的獨立成分。這些短語有: with(首先), to tell truth (truth to tell說實在 to a long 長話短說) to (可以這么說), brief(簡言之) exact(確切地說), to be (坦率地 說), to (說公道話), to (總而言之)等。 with, like introdu

14、ce myself you all. 首先,我想給你們作一下自我紹。 To be frank with you, I dont love you any more 老實對你說吧,我已經(jīng)不再你了。 energy , we preserve it for 總而言之,能量并不是用之不竭,此我們必須為后代保留一些2 動詞不定式中原形動詞省略為避免重復(fù),有時可用不定式的號 來表動詞不定式。 like have some coffee? 您要來點咖啡嗎? Yes, Id like to。If you dont want to buy it , you dont to。 假如你不想買的話你就不買。注意:以這

15、樣省略主要動詞的動詞不定結(jié)構(gòu)有hope to, be willing to, want refuse to, fail to, manage to, like offer 。-Whats with Della? Well, her parents wouldn t to to the party, but still _. (江蘇 09)A。 hopes B. hopes D hopes for(答案:A)一般而言,在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中 to 必保留例如(: boy wanted to in street, but mother told him _。A. not to B。 not to not d

16、o it D 。 (答案:A)3. 動詞不定式的否式 not 必置于整個不定式結(jié)之前 。 decided not to go 我們決定不去那兒了。I wished never to see him again。 希望永不見到她。4動詞不定式的時態(tài)和態(tài)時態(tài)動詞不定式的一般式: do: 表示的動作與謂語動的動作是同發(fā)生或?qū)⒃谄?后發(fā)生的。They are sing 他們在學(xué)習(xí)歌舞。 have get buy a TV set。 我們得賺些錢來臺電視機。動詞不定式的進行式: be : 表示的動作是與謂語動詞的動作同時生的, 而且正在進行中該結(jié)構(gòu)也與 always, , rapidly slowly

17、副詞連 用。 weather to improving 天氣似乎在好轉(zhuǎn)。Come its time to be for (前,走向) 。 好了,是上學(xué)的時候了4He pretended reading when the in詞不定式的完成式: to 表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語的動作前.定式的完 成式常用在 be said, be considered, pretend, seem 等以及某些情 態(tài)動詞后,表示對過去事情的推或虛擬假設(shè),例(NMET97)I to the party last night but I work extra finish report.A. to B。 to have g

18、one D 。 gone答案是 B,表示與過去事實相反的虛擬愿望He was to have for years。 據(jù)說他已經(jīng)在外國留學(xué)多年了。I sorry have you 。 很抱歉讓你久等了。He pretended have seen passing by yesterday.他昨天從我身邊經(jīng)過時假裝沒看我.語態(tài)定式的被動式 : to 如He asked to be the front. (他請求被派往前線。)I wish 我請求原諒This infectious is have wiped out many years ago。 這染病據(jù)說好 年前就已經(jīng)滅絕了 a trip is

19、good for couple , but it remains whether they will enjoy it.A. to B。 be 。 D. 答案是 B.為不定式的輯主語 it(出國旅游這件事)與不定式是被關(guān)系。 Tom would to the this 。 (NMETA。 be B 。 being D. taking (答案 A)Its important for figures (北京 A be B. have updated C. update D. to updated ( 案 A) He claimed(聲稱)_ the supermarket when he was

20、A。 treated B。 treating badly C. to D. to been treated根據(jù)題意,該用不定式的完成被式,表動作發(fā)生在 之前,故答案是 D。 值得注意是,在下列場合通用不定式的主動表被動意義 :語+be +形容詞動詞不定式當(dāng)作表語的某些形容詞被動詞不式修飾時動詞不定式與句子主語之間存在著邏上 的動賓關(guān)系,動詞不定可以用主動代替被動式(閱 This is difficult 這個問題很難解決 + 句型中動詞不定式用主動式來表示被動含義。 a lot of (for me) to 。 There no time to 。 沒時間可以誤。 have 賓語 + 動詞不定

21、式(作定語”結(jié)構(gòu)中當(dāng) 表示”有,而動詞不定式與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,并且句子的 語是動詞不定式動作的執(zhí)行者時動詞不定式一般用主動式。I have a lot of meetings to attend week. 本周我有多會議要參。5“too to, “ to 結(jié)構(gòu)中,動詞不定式總是用動語態(tài)。This is too easy with. 這個問題處理來很簡單.This is enough deal 。 這個問題處理起來很簡單鞏固練習(xí)1. said _ to his country because a president into A allowed return B return C

22、 allow returning D be allowed returning2. in such a high the end of room。A. be B 。 hear D。 hear3. - Why the official - _ new officers.A. Select B。 Selecting C To D。 To have 4. The purpose of new is life _ it A. not make B。 not to make C. making D 。 dont make5. fair is important as .A。 to play well B

23、 well 。 we well D. playing well6。 - Where I send my form? - The Office the A. for sending it B 。 to it to D 。 sent it7. A computer does only what thinking people 。A。 it B. have it done have it D it done8。 boy want to ride in street but his him .A. not to B. not to do C do it D 9- Do you in the lab e

24、very afternoon? - No sometimes, I wish I 。 A. time to B。 had time to do have time D 。 have time10。 Ill do whatever can _ my English。A。 improve B. to 。 improving D. improving11. you tell me the way youve thought of _ ?A. to it B。 doing it C. do it D. has to do it12. often _ the next A。 sing B。 sung C

25、. D 。 singing13。 you shut the window? Its so cold.A. enough kind B. kind not to 。 enough to D. so kind enough as 14。 Dont take the medicine, it can help _ rid of your cold。A. getting B。 get C. to D. gets15. My seems have a lot 。A. about B. to 。 be D worry 16。 minutes is made full of _ our 。A。 to use

26、, study B. use, C. useful, to D 。 , 17. I _ to the party last I to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to B。 have C. D 。 gone18。 You shouldnt allow _ games near the classroom, for its too 。A. student playing B 。 play students to play D 。 to play19。 made _ to the guest.6A。 B. apologizing C. to D.

27、 to be apologizing20. you _ A. to to B. to do C have to do D have do21. I I was busy.A. B. to call calling D. calling22. Do have someone_ - I often them A. , to wash B. wash, 。 , D。 23。 She actually heard about it, he 。A。 to hear not B hearing to not hear D。 24。 All I want is _ a child the 。A. not b

28、e B。 being not be D. to be not25 The last man _ the disappointing was the patients sick father.A。 knew B. knows C know D. knowing26. -Why did let you time and over?- I what _ after he went out。A. To make sure, to B. , to done to (注意,留意,關(guān)照 it be done D. Seeing to, done27. Pieces or wood between centu

29、ry AD.A. used to formed B. form C. were used to form D used to be forming 28。 。 A middle-aged came to only _ the 。A。 to run, finding B。 running, find 。 and ran, found D. , find 29. Smith appears long He is impatient for my 。A. to wait B. to be C. to D。 have 30. Our professor from He _ trip very much

30、。A. to enjoy have to D. have enjoying31. - Why has Jack not come yet now? Anything wrong with him? He didnt pass the test but he ill _.A. hopes B. hopes hopes D。 hopes it32. _ are for the work will soon.A。 B。 to to build D. being 33. _ the was the captain.A. left B. C. to D. be 34. Why was - He _ flowers in the 。A. be pick B. be seen picking C。 be caught to D. catch picking 35. It is for anyone _ photographs Mr. developed A. seen B。 have seen C

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