新視野第三版第一冊(cè)課后習(xí)題翻譯

1、新視野第三版第一冊(cè)課后習(xí)題翻譯 New Horizon College English Book 1Translation 蘇格拉底是古希臘哲學(xué)家，被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代西方哲學(xué)的奠基人。 他是一個(gè)謎一樣的人物，人們主要通過(guò)后來(lái)的一些古典作家的敘述，尤其是他最著名的學(xué)生柏拉圖的作品去了解他。 蘇格拉底以他對(duì)倫理學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)而聞名。Unit 1 他的教學(xué)法亦稱為蘇格拉底法，即通過(guò)提問(wèn)和回答來(lái)激發(fā)批判性思維以及闡述觀點(diǎn)。該方法在各種討論中仍被普遍使用。 他還在認(rèn)識(shí)論和邏輯領(lǐng)域做出了重大而深遠(yuǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)。 他的思想和方法所帶來(lái)的影響一直是后來(lái)的西方哲學(xué)家的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。 Unit 1 蘇格拉底是古代哲學(xué)史上最豐富多彩的人物

2、。 他在那個(gè)時(shí)代已威名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)。雖然他未曾建立什么哲學(xué)體系，未曾設(shè)立什么學(xué)派，也未曾創(chuàng)立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就變得家喻戶曉了。Unit 1 孔子是中國(guó)歷史上著名的思想家，教育家，是儒家學(xué)派的創(chuàng)始人，被尊稱為古代的圣人。 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient “sage. 他的言論和生平活動(dòng)記錄在論語(yǔ)一書中。 His words and life

3、story were recorded in The Analects. Unit 1 論語(yǔ)是中國(guó)古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對(duì)后代思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。 An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Unit 1 Unit 1不研究論語(yǔ)，就不能真正把握中國(guó)幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。Without studying this book,

4、 one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture. Unit 1孔子的很多思想，尤其是教育思想，對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。Much of Confucius thought, especially his thought on education, has had profound influence on Chinese society. Unit 1在21世紀(jì)的今天，孔子的學(xué)說(shuō)不僅受到中國(guó)人的重視，而且也越來(lái)越受到整個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)的重視。 In the 21st cent

5、ury, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.圣誕節(jié)是一個(gè)被廣泛慶祝的文化節(jié)日，全世界有許許多多的人在12月25日慶祝這一節(jié)日。它是為了紀(jì)念耶穌基督的誕辰。該節(jié)日最早可追溯到公元336年。Unit 2 漸漸地，這一節(jié)日演變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)既是宗教又是非宗教的節(jié)日，越來(lái)越多的非基督徒也慶祝圣誕節(jié)。如今，圣誕節(jié)在全球被作為一個(gè)重大的節(jié)日和公共假日來(lái)慶祝。不同國(guó)家的圣誕節(jié)

6、風(fēng)俗也各不相同。Unit 2 現(xiàn)代流行的圣誕節(jié)風(fēng)俗包括交換圣誕賀卡和圣誕禮物、唱圣誕歌曲、參加教堂活動(dòng)、擺放各種圣誕裝飾品和圣誕樹、舉行家庭聚會(huì)以及準(zhǔn)備一頓特別的大餐。對(duì)小孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)節(jié)日充滿了幻想和驚喜。Unit 2 據(jù)傳說(shuō)，圣誕老人會(huì)在圣誕夜從煙囪進(jìn)入每戶人家，給乖巧聽話的孩子帶來(lái)禮物。由于圣誕節(jié)送禮物以及許多其他方面推動(dòng)了基督徒和非基督徒的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，圣誕節(jié)也因此成為商家的一個(gè)重大活動(dòng)和主要銷售季。Unit 2 每年農(nóng)歷（Chinese lunar calendar）八月十五我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中秋節(jié)”（the Mid-Autumn Festival ）。According to the C

7、hinese lunar calendar，August 15 of every year is Chinas traditional holiday/festival- the Mid-Autumn Festival. Unit 2 2.這是一年秋季的中期，所以被稱為中秋。This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn .Unit 2 中秋節(jié)的一項(xiàng)重要活動(dòng)是賞月。夜晚，人們賞明月、吃月餅，共慶中秋佳節(jié)。One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to e

8、njoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival , looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes.Unit 2 4.中秋節(jié)也是家庭團(tuán)圓的時(shí)刻，遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)的游子，會(huì)借此寄托自己對(duì)故鄉(xiāng)和親人的思念之情. The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelin

9、gs of missing their hometowns and families at this festival.Unit 2 5.中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗很多，都寄托著人們對(duì)美好生活的熱愛(ài)和向往。 There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expressing peoples love and hope for a happy life. Unit 2 5.中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗很多，都寄托著人們對(duì)美好生活的熱愛(ài)和向往。 There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all express

10、ing peoples love and hope for a happy life. Unit 2 Unit 3 倫敦地鐵是英國(guó)的一個(gè)快速交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)，服務(wù)于大倫敦的大部分地區(qū)。地鐵系統(tǒng)因其地鐵隧道的典型形狀也被稱為地下管道。倫敦地鐵始建于19世紀(jì)中期，是世界上最早的地下鐵路系統(tǒng)。它的第一段地鐵于1863年開始運(yùn)營(yíng)。自此，倫敦地鐵不斷延伸，發(fā)展成為一個(gè)包括12條線路、275個(gè)車站、鐵軌總長(zhǎng)超過(guò)250英里的地鐵杰作，其中45%在地下運(yùn)行。就路線長(zhǎng)度而言，它是世界上第四大地鐵系統(tǒng)，也是車站數(shù)量最多的地鐵系統(tǒng)之一。Unit 3作為一個(gè)走遍倫敦的經(jīng)濟(jì)便捷的途徑，倫敦地鐵一向是每天數(shù)百萬(wàn)通勤者以及在節(jié)

11、假日游歷倫敦的游客的首選。倫敦地鐵已成為倫敦的一個(gè)國(guó)際標(biāo)志。2013年倫敦舉辦了各種各樣的活動(dòng)，慶祝地鐵運(yùn)營(yíng)150周年，紀(jì)念這一里程碑。Unit 3中國(guó)航天業(yè)開創(chuàng)于1956年。Chinas space industry was launched in 1956. 幾十年來(lái)，中國(guó)航天事業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)又一個(gè)奇跡。Over the past decades, Chinas space industry has created one miracle after another. 2022/9/26Unit 31970年，中國(guó)成功發(fā)射第一顆人造衛(wèi)星，成為世界上第五個(gè)獨(dú)立自主研制和發(fā)射人造地球衛(wèi)星的國(guó)家。

12、In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites. Unit 31992年，中國(guó)開始實(shí)施載人航天飛行工程（ manned spaceflight program ）。In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program. 2003年，中國(guó)成功發(fā)

13、射了“神舟5號(hào)”載人飛船，使中國(guó)成為第三個(gè)發(fā)射載人飛船的國(guó)家。In 2003 China launched Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. The successful launch made China the third country to launch manned spaceships. Unit 32007年發(fā)射了“嫦娥一號(hào)”，即第一顆繞月球飛行（ lunar-orbiting ）的人造衛(wèi)星。In 2007 Change-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite, was sent to space

14、. 2013年，第五艘載人飛船“神州十號(hào)”發(fā)射成功，為中國(guó)空間站的建設(shè)打下了基礎(chǔ)。In 2013 Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfully, laying the foundation for building the Chinese Space Station.Unit 3As one of the first Europeans to travel across Asia through China, Marco Polo is perhaps the most well-known foreign

15、 merchant and voyager to the Chinese people. 作為通過(guò)中國(guó)游歷亞洲的首批歐洲人之一，馬可波羅可能是中國(guó)人最熟知的外國(guó)商人和航海家。He traveled extensively with his family, journeying from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295. He remained in China for 17 of those years. 從1271年到1295年，他和他的家人游歷廣泛，遍及歐洲和亞洲。Unit 4He remained in China for 17 of those yea

16、rs. 期間，他在中國(guó)居留了17年。His book The Travels of Maco Polo depicts his journey throughout Asia, giving Europeans their first comprehensive look into the Far East, including China, India, and Japan. 他的著作馬可波羅游記描述了他游歷亞洲的旅程，讓歐洲人首次全面領(lǐng)略了包括中國(guó)、印度和日本在內(nèi)的遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)的情況。2022/9/26Unit 4From his written accounts the Westerners

17、 learned of porcerlain, coal, gunpowder, printing, paper money, and silk for the first time.從他的文字?jǐn)⑹鲋?，西方人第一次了解到了瓷器、煤炭、火藥、印刷術(shù)、紙幣以及絲綢。2022/9/26Unit 4The wealth of new geographic information recorded by Polo was widely used in the late 15th and the 16th centuries during the age of the European voyages o

18、f discovery and conquest. 在15世紀(jì)末和16世紀(jì)歐洲發(fā)現(xiàn)與征服的大航海時(shí)代，馬可.波羅所記錄的大量新的地理信息得到了廣泛使用。Unit 4In the centuries since his death, Maco Polo has received the recognition that failed to come his way during his lifetime. 在他去世后的這幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里，馬可波羅獲得了他在有生之年未曾獲得的贊譽(yù).Maco Polos story has inspired countless other advertures to se

19、t off and see the world.馬可波羅的故事鼓舞了其他無(wú)數(shù)的探險(xiǎn)者去踏上征途,發(fā)現(xiàn)世界。9/26/2022Unit 4鄭和是中國(guó)歷史上最著名的航海家（maritime explorer）。Zheng He was the most famous maritime explorer in Chinese history. Unit 4公元1405年，明朝的統(tǒng)治者為了穩(wěn)固邊防（border defense）和開展海上貿(mào)易，派鄭和下西洋(Western Sea)。In 1405 AD, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He on a

20、 voyage to the Western Seas in order to strengthen border defense and develop trade by sea. 9/26/2022Unit 4在此后的28年里，鄭和帶領(lǐng)船隊(duì)七下西洋，前后出海的人員有10多萬(wàn)人，訪問(wèn)了30多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。In the following 28 years, Zheng He led his fleet, made seven voyages to the the Western Seas with over 100,000 crew members in total, and visited

21、 more than 30 countries and regions.9/26/2022Unit 4船隊(duì)縱橫南亞，西亞，一直到非洲大陸。The fleet traveled far into South Asia and West Asia, and made all the way to the continent of Africa. Unit 4鄭和下西洋是世界航海（navigation）史上的壯舉。 Zheng Hes voyages to the Western Seas were a great feat in the worlds navigation history. 9/2

22、6/2022Unit 4它展現(xiàn)了整合卓越的航海和組織才能，同時(shí)展現(xiàn)了明朝的國(guó)力和國(guó)威(national strength and prestige)，加強(qiáng)了明朝和海外各國(guó)之間的關(guān)系。It showed Zheng Hes outstanding navigation and organization talents; meanwhile, it exhibited the national strength and prestige of the Ming Dynasty, and strengthened the relationships between the Ming Dynasty

23、and the overseas countries. Unit 4有關(guān)古代奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的最早文字記載可追溯至公元前776年。古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)每4年舉辦一次，在8月6日與9月19日之間的一個(gè)紀(jì)念宙斯的宗教節(jié)日期間舉行。第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)于1896年在希臘雅典舉辦。Unit 5奧運(yùn)會(huì)的標(biāo)志由五個(gè)大小相同的套環(huán)組成，代表著五大洲的聯(lián)合和來(lái)自世界各地運(yùn)動(dòng)員的大聚會(huì)。奧運(yùn)會(huì)真正騰飛、成為一項(xiàng)國(guó)際體育盛會(huì)是在1924年后，即第8屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)在巴黎舉辦之后。這一年，來(lái)自44個(gè)國(guó)家約3000名運(yùn)動(dòng)員同場(chǎng)競(jìng)技，并且第一次在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上增加了閉幕式這一儀式。Unit 5同年，冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)首次亮相，比賽項(xiàng)目包括花樣滑冰、冰球、雪

24、橇和冬季兩項(xiàng)(滑雪及射擊)運(yùn)動(dòng)。80年后，2004年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)在相隔一個(gè)多世紀(jì)后再次在雅典舉辦，來(lái)自201個(gè)國(guó)家的近11000名運(yùn)動(dòng)員展開競(jìng)技，創(chuàng)下參賽國(guó)數(shù)目之最。Unit 5太極拳是一種武術(shù)項(xiàng)目，也是一種健身運(yùn)動(dòng)。在中國(guó)有著悠久的歷史。Tai Chi is a kind of martial arts, and a fitness exercise as well. It has a long history in China. 太極拳動(dòng)作緩慢而柔和，適合任何年齡、性別、體型的人練習(xí)。With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable fo

25、r people of any age, sex, or body type to practice. Unit 5太極拳既可防身，又能強(qiáng)身健體，因而深受中國(guó)人的喜愛(ài)。It can be used to provide self-defense as well as build the body. Therefore,it has become very popular among Chinese people. Unit 5太極拳在發(fā)展過(guò)程中，借鑒并吸收了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)、醫(yī)術(shù)、武術(shù)的合理內(nèi)容，成為特色鮮明的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。During its development, Tai Chi borrowe

26、d and absorbed desirable elements from traditional Chinese philosophy, medicine, and marital arts, and it has developed into a sport with unique features. Unit 5As a unique sport in China, Tai Chi is also gaining increasing popularity among many foreign friends. Unit 5作為中國(guó)特有的一種運(yùn)動(dòng)形式，太極拳也越來(lái)越受到眾多外國(guó)朋友的喜

27、愛(ài)。間隔年指的是學(xué)生休假不去上學(xué)而去旅行或工作等的一段時(shí)間，但不一定是一年。間隔年通常選在高中畢業(yè)和進(jìn)入大學(xué)之前的一段時(shí)間。Unit 6在這段時(shí)間里，學(xué)生可以旅行、參加志愿者工作或是在國(guó)外邊打工邊度假。一種新潮流是參加語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)、住家、文化交流、社區(qū)服務(wù)和自主學(xué)習(xí)于一體的國(guó)際教育活動(dòng)。Unit 6間隔年的做法于20世紀(jì)60年代興起于英國(guó)。它在英國(guó)、澳大利亞、新西蘭和加拿大已經(jīng)變得非常流行。但是在美國(guó)，間隔年的做法仍然只是個(gè)別現(xiàn)象。不過(guò)近年來(lái)，間隔年對(duì)美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)變得稍微普遍起來(lái)。Unit 62013年有大約四萬(wàn)美國(guó)學(xué)生參加了間隔年活動(dòng)，比2006年增加了近20%。普林斯頓大學(xué)、哈佛大學(xué)、麻省理工學(xué)

28、院等大學(xué)都有明文規(guī)定允許學(xué)生延遲入學(xué)。Unit 6改革開放以來(lái)，中國(guó)的教育事業(yè)得到了快速發(fā)展，取得了引人矚目的成就。Since its economic reform and opening-up to the world, Chinas education has gone through rapid development and made remarkable achievements. Unit 6中國(guó)政府把教育擺在優(yōu)先發(fā)展的地位，堅(jiān)持科教興國(guó)(revitalize the country) ，全面提倡素質(zhì)教育(quality-oriented education) 。The Chin

29、ese government gives top priority to the development of education, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education, and fully advocates quality-oriented education.Unit 6同時(shí)，積極推進(jìn)教育公平，保證人人有受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。Meanwhile, it actively promotes equality in education to guarantee everyone access to educati

30、on. Unit 6 中國(guó)的教育成就反映在兩個(gè)不同的層面：一個(gè)是全面普及了九年義務(wù)教育（ nine-year compulsory education），另一個(gè)就是實(shí)現(xiàn)了高等教育大眾化（ mass higher education ）。 Chinas achievements in education can be reflected in two different layers: One is the popularization of the nine-year compulsory education; the other is the realization of mass high

31、er education. Unit 6教育的發(fā)展為中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。The development of education has made significant contributions to Chinas economic development and social process.Unit 6近年來(lái)，為適應(yīng)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要，中國(guó)政府不斷加快培養(yǎng)各領(lǐng)域的急需人才。In recent years, to satisfy the needs of social and economic development, the Chinese government

32、had sped up the training of qualified personnel urgently needed in various fields.Unit 6在所有美國(guó)人的信念中，最基本、最強(qiáng)烈的信念可能就是崇尚個(gè)人自由。要理解美國(guó)人，最重要的也許就是了解他們對(duì)“個(gè)人主義”的熱愛(ài)。生活中他們很早就開始受到教育，把自己看成獨(dú)立的個(gè)體，對(duì)人生中自己的處境以及自己的前途命運(yùn)負(fù)責(zé)。Unit 7美國(guó)人認(rèn)為自己的思想和行為高度個(gè)性化。他們不愿被視為任何同質(zhì)群體的代表。如果確實(shí)加入了群體，他們也認(rèn)為自己有特別之處，與同一個(gè)群體中的其他成員有著些許的差別。Unit 7與美國(guó)人對(duì)個(gè)人主義賦予價(jià)

33、值緊密相關(guān)的是他們對(duì)個(gè)人隱私的重視。美國(guó)人認(rèn)為，人“需要有自己的時(shí)間”或者“有時(shí)間獨(dú)處”，用來(lái)思考事情，或者恢復(fù)他們所消耗的心理能量。美國(guó)人很難理解那些總想與人結(jié)伴、不愛(ài)獨(dú)處的外國(guó)人。Unit 7為人誠(chéng)信，以和為貴是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德。Integrity and harmony are traditional Chinese virtues. “和”的思想體現(xiàn)在很多方面?！癏armony is demonstrated in various aspects. Unit 7在處理人與人的關(guān)系上，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)思想主張“和為貴”以及“家和萬(wàn)事興”，從而創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和諧的社會(huì)環(huán)境。In regard to i

34、nterpersonal relations, traditional Chinese thoughts hold that “Harmony is most precious” and “A family that lives in harmony will prosper”. A harmonious social environment can be created based on these principles. Unit 7在人與自然的關(guān)系上，人類應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)自然，尊重自然，保護(hù)自然。As for relations between human beings and nature

35、, people should learn to understand, respect and protect nature.Unit 7人與人，人與社會(huì)，人與自然都需要“和諧”。 Harmony is essential to interpersonal relations, relations between human beings and society, as well as between human beings and nature. Unit 7如今，和諧發(fā)展依然是我們的治國(guó)之本和管理人才之道。 Nowadays, harmonious development is still the way of running the country and managing talented personnel. 著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的發(fā)展，“和”的思想