藥理學(xué)講義01 Introduction課件

1、Pharmacology藥理學(xué)Introduction1What is pharmacology?Drug藥物Pharmacology is the study ofinteractions between drugs and the bodyBody身體2What is pharmacology?Drug藥物Pharmacology is the study ofinteractions between drugs and the bodyBody身體Pharmacodynamics 藥物效應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)is the study of what the drug does to the body3

2、What is pharmacology?Drug藥物Pharmacology is the study ofinteractions between drugs and the bodyBody身體Pharmacodynamics 藥物效應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)is the study of what the drug does to the bodyAbsorption, distribution, eliminationare what the body does to the drugPharmacokinetics 藥物代謝動(dòng)力學(xué)studies the concentrations (濃度) ove

3、r time4Action on the bodyDrug藥物5Action on the bodyDrug藥物Poison毒物Indication 適應(yīng)征Unwanted EffectsContra-indication7Action on the bodyDrug藥物Dose劑量Poison毒物Indication 適應(yīng)征Adverse reactionContra-indication8Highlights of theHistory of PharmacologyThe Egyptian Ebers papyrus from the 16th century BC is the old

4、est complete medical document still in existence. It is mainly a collection of prescriptions (處方) for various symptoms (癥狀).神農(nóng)本草經(jīng) (Shennongs Classic of Herbal Medicine) is considered to be the earliest Chinese pharmacological work, a compilation of all medicinal knowledge accumulated around the firs

5、t century BC.Tang Dynastys 新修本草 (Revised Canon of Materia Medica) is the first official pharmacopoeia (藥典) in the world, dating from 659.Ming Dynastys 李時(shí)珍 writes the 本草綱目 (Compendium of Materia Medica) in 1596. It is the classical reference of Traditional Chinese Medicine, or TCM. It consists of 52

6、volumes detailing more than 1800 drugs. It is a must-have for TCM scholars today.10German chemist F. W. Sertrner (1783-1841) is the first to isolate morphine (分離提純嗎啡) from the poppy. Experimentation on dogs proves its analgesic action. ISOLATION (分離) OF COMPOUNDSGerman microbiologist P. Ehrlich test

7、s hundreds of chemical substances on syphilis. The 606th substance tested, an arsenic compound, proves effective. SCREENING (篩選出) OF COMPOUNDSPharmacology becomes an independant discipline when R. Buchheim (1820-1879) sets up the first laboratory of pharmacology in Germany, writes the first pharmaco

8、logy textbook, and becomes the first professor of pharmacology. In 1869, Buchheims student O. Schmiedeberg (1838-1921) shows that muscarine produces the same effect on the heart as electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. STUDY OF DRUG TARGETS (藥物的作用部位)In 1940 in Britain, Florey, on the basis of F

9、lemings work in 1928, isolates penicillin (分離出青霉素) from a culture of blue mold, and initiates the clinical use of antibiotics (抗生素).MODERN CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY11More Recent Research DevelopmentsBetter understanding of molecular mechanisms of drug actions and the root causes of diseasesIdentification of new drug targetsNew techniques of chemical synthesis and high-throughput screeningDevelopment of New DrugsPreclinical tests on isolated tissues and animalsClinical tests:Phase 1: test of activity and toxicity on a few health