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1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(基礎(chǔ)講解)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(基礎(chǔ)講解)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(基礎(chǔ)講解)V:1.0精細(xì)整理,僅供參考 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(基礎(chǔ)講解)日期:20 xx年X月情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法【用法講解】考試要求:中考要求掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在一般疑問(wèn)句的問(wèn)與答,理解情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè)的用法及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度,認(rèn)為“可能”,“應(yīng)該”或“必要”等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身詞義不完全,不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,必須和動(dòng)詞原形連用(ought除外)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can(could), may(might), must, ought to, have to, need, dare, shall

2、(should), will(would)。1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 和could的主要用法(1)表示能力,意為“能,會(huì)”。 Can you swim 你能游泳嗎 His granny is over eighty but still can read without glasses. 他的奶奶雖然八十多歲了, 但是仍舊不用戴眼鏡能夠閱讀。注意:can和be able to表示“能力”時(shí)的區(qū)別: can只有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式,而be able to除了現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式,還有將來(lái)式和完成式等多種形式。 She will be able to help you tomorrow afternoon.

3、 明天下午她將能幫助你。 This is the information that I have been able to get so far. 這是我到目前為止能得到的信息。(2)表示“許可,允許”。can 和could沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)上的區(qū)別,could比can在語(yǔ)氣上更客氣;在回答could引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要用can。 Could/Can you tell me the way to the railway station 你能告訴我去火車(chē)站的路嗎 Could I use your pen 我可以用你的鋼筆嗎Yes, of course you can. 是,當(dāng)然你可以。(3)表示“可能”,

4、can多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。 We know that a computer cant think for itself. 我們知道計(jì)算機(jī)不可能自己思考。 Can she still be alive after all these years 這些年過(guò)后,她仍舊可能活著嗎(4)表示否定推測(cè),意為“不可能”。 The shy boy cant be our monitor. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的否定推測(cè)) 那個(gè)靦腆的男孩不可能是我們的班長(zhǎng)。 The ground is dry. It cant have rained. (對(duì)過(guò)去情況的否定推測(cè)) 地面是干的,不可能下過(guò)雨。2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may和mig

5、ht 的主要用法(1)表示許可,意為“可以”。might比may語(yǔ)氣上更客氣,更委婉。在回答may和might引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),肯定回答用may,否定回答要用mustnt。 May/Might I go now 我可以現(xiàn)在去嗎Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. 是,你可以。/ 不,你一定不要。 May/Might I have a talk with you 我可以和你聊聊嗎(2)表示可能性,意為“可能”,might的可能性比較小。 You may/might walk for miles here without meeting anyone. 你可能在這走數(shù)英

6、里都見(jiàn)不到任何人。 He may/might be sick. 他可能是病了。(3)表示對(duì)可能的情況推測(cè),might的可能性比較小。 That woman goes into the classroom. She may/might be our teacher. 那個(gè)婦女進(jìn)了教室,她可能是我們的老師。 They might/may have gone out at that time. 在那個(gè)時(shí)候,他們可能出去了。(4)表示祝愿。(may+名詞或代詞+動(dòng)詞) May you succeed! 祝你成功! May God bless you! 上帝保佑你!3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must 的主要用法(1

7、)must表示“必須”,“應(yīng)該”,否定式must not/mustnt表示“不準(zhǔn)”,“禁止”。 在回答must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),否定回答要用neednt或dont have to。 The work must be finished as soon as possible. 工作必須盡可能快得完成。 You mustnt swim here,because its dangerous. 你一定不要在這游泳,因?yàn)楹芪kU(xiǎn)。 Must I be home before ten oclock 十點(diǎn)鐘,我必須在家嗎No, you neednt/dont have to. 不,你不必一定在。(2)表示肯

8、定推測(cè),意為“一定,肯定”。 You must be hungry after such a long walk. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在的肯定推測(cè)) 漫長(zhǎng)的步行后,你一定是餓了。 I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. (對(duì)過(guò)去的肯定推測(cè)) 我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到那個(gè)電話(huà)。我一定是睡著了。注意:must和have to的區(qū)別 must表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)看法,而have to表示客觀(guān)需要;must只有一種形式,可用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí),而have to有多種形式,可用于不同時(shí)態(tài)。 As a student, I must study very hard. 作為

9、一個(gè)學(xué)生,我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。 I have to be at my office before eight every morning. 每天早上八點(diǎn)之前,我必須在我的辦公室。4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 need 的主要用法(1)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件句。need無(wú)人稱(chēng)變化,后接動(dòng)詞原形,意思是“需要”。 在回答need引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt。 He neednt do that. 他不需要那樣做。 Need you go now 你需要現(xiàn)在去嗎Yes, I must. / No, I neednt. 是,我必須(現(xiàn)在去)。/ 不,我不需要。(

10、2)need可用作行為動(dòng)詞,用法與其他的行為動(dòng)詞一樣。 We need to think it over. 我們需要仔細(xì)考慮。 Does he need to go now 他需要現(xiàn)在去嗎 She didnt need to know it. 她不需要知道它。5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 shall 的主要用法shall用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,用于第二和第三人稱(chēng),表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的意愿,有“命令”,“警告”,“允諾”的意思。在疑問(wèn)句中,shall用來(lái)征詢(xún)對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示,多用于第一人稱(chēng)。 You shall do as I say. 你應(yīng)該按照我說(shuō)得做。 Shall we take a walk after dinne

11、r 我們飯后去散步好嗎 Lets go home together, shall we 讓我們一起回家,好嗎6. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should 的主要用法(1)表示“應(yīng)該”,說(shuō)話(huà)人主觀(guān)上認(rèn)為的責(zé)任和義務(wù),可用于所有人稱(chēng)。 You should keep your promise once you make it. 你一旦許諾,就應(yīng)該兌現(xiàn)。 (2)should have done表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做的事,而shouldnt have done表示過(guò)去不應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了的事。 Its eleven oclock. He should have arrived here by now. 十一

12、點(diǎn)鐘了。他應(yīng)該不晚于現(xiàn)在到這。 You shouldnt have told anyone about that. 你本不該告訴任何人關(guān)于那事。7. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to 的主要用法表示“應(yīng)該”,沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,只有一種形式。否定形式為ought not to(縮寫(xiě)形式為oughtnt to),疑問(wèn)形式為ought+主語(yǔ)+to+動(dòng)詞原形。 You ought to do it now. 你應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就做。Ought we to go there now 我們應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就去那嗎Yes, you ought(to). 是,你應(yīng)該去。No, you ought not(to). 不,你不該去。

13、8. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 will 的主要用法表示“意志”,“意愿”,用于各人稱(chēng)。在疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱(chēng),表示詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求。 We will help her if she asks to us. 如果她問(wèn)我們,我們就愿意幫助她。 Will you please give him a message when you see him 當(dāng)你看見(jiàn)他時(shí),給他稍個(gè)信好嗎9. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 would 的主要用法would是 will 的過(guò)去式,表示過(guò)去的“意志”,“愿望”,用于各個(gè)人稱(chēng)。用于陳述句和疑問(wèn)句中還表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求,語(yǔ)氣比will委婉。 She said that she

14、 would do that whatever happened. 她說(shuō)無(wú)論發(fā)生什么她都愿意做。 I promised you that I would do my best to help you. 我保證過(guò)我將盡力幫助你。 Would you like some apples 你想吃蘋(píng)果嗎 Yes, Id like to. 是的,我想吃。 I would like to go with you tonight. 今晚我想和你一起去。10 .理解含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式及其基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞; 其時(shí)態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成,“be+過(guò)去分詞

15、”部分不變。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí),應(yīng)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not;變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句時(shí),應(yīng)將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首。 Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石頭制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那時(shí)桌子可由石頭制造。(一般過(guò)去時(shí))Can tables be made of stone 桌子能用石頭制造嗎(疑問(wèn)句)Waste paper should not be thrown here. 廢紙不應(yīng)該扔在這里。Should it be done by Li Ming 這件事應(yīng)該是李明干嗎【真題再現(xiàn)】1. I

16、know by what time you want the project to be done By the day after tomorrow. you finish it on time A. May; CanB. Must; Need C. Could; MustD. Need; Would2. I follow you. Would you please repeat it A. cant B. mustnt C. needntD. shouldnt3. Whos singing in the garden It be Mr. Brown. He always practices

17、 singing at this time.A. must B. cant C. need4. May I take this magazine out of the reading room No, you _. You read it in here.A.mightntB.wontC.needntD.mustnt5.You_touchanelectricfire.Itsdangerous. A.needB.mustC.needntD.mustnt6. _ you come with me to Lang Langs piano concert this evening Id love to

18、, but I have to study for my math test.A. Should B. May C. Must D. Can7. Children _ sit in the front seat of a car. Its too dangerous. A. need B. neednt C. must D. mustnt8. Look, someone left a book. Oh, yeah This book _ be Kittys. Only she likes to read this kind of books.A. canB. mustC. may D. mig

19、ht 9. Look! The traffic light has turned redWe_ stop our car Acan Bcant Cmust Dmustnt 10. Do you have any plans for this Sunday Im not sure. I _ go to the countryside to see my grandmother. A. can B. must C. may D. need 11. As middle school students, we _ be afraid of difficulties if we want to make

20、 our dreams come true. Amust Bshouldnt Cneed 12. You return the book now. You can keep it until next week if you like.A. have to B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 13 Mom, must I go shopping with you No, you You can watch the film Big Hero 6 with your friendsAneedntBcantCshouldntDmustnt 14. Harrys been dri

21、ving all day he be tired. A. need B. can C. shall D. must 15. Its surprising that Mr. Mas little daughter speak English so well. A. mustB. can C. mustntD. cant【答案與解析】1. A。句意:我可以知道你想這個(gè)項(xiàng)目何時(shí)完成嗎到后天。你能按時(shí)完成嗎 may可以;can能夠;must必須;could用于一般疑問(wèn)句通常表示請(qǐng)求;need需要。題干問(wèn)句是請(qǐng)求,可用may或者could,排除B、D兩項(xiàng);答句是詢(xún)問(wèn)能否按時(shí)完成任務(wù),應(yīng)選can。故選A項(xiàng)

22、。2. A。句意:我聽(tīng)不懂你的(話(huà))。請(qǐng)你再重復(fù)一遍可以嗎 cant不能;mustnt不準(zhǔn);neednt不必;shouldnt不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意可知答案為A項(xiàng)。3. A。句意:誰(shuí)在花園里唱歌一定是布朗先生。他總是在這個(gè)時(shí)候練習(xí)唱歌。 must表示“一定”;cant表示“不可能”;need表示“需要”。故選A。4. D。句意:我可以把雜志帶出閱覽室嗎不,你不可以。你在這里讀。mightnt可能不;wont不會(huì);neednt不需要;mustnt禁止,不許。May I. 的否定回答通常是No, you mustnt/cant,故選D項(xiàng)。5. D。句意:你千萬(wàn)不要摸電暖器。它很危險(xiǎn)。need需要;mus

23、t必須;neednt不必;mustnt千萬(wàn)不要,表禁止。根據(jù)題意可知選D。6. D。句意:今晚你可以跟我去聽(tīng)朗朗的鋼琴音樂(lè)會(huì)嗎我很想去,但我不得不為我的數(shù)學(xué)測(cè)試而學(xué)習(xí)。should表示“應(yīng)該”;must表示“必須,一定”。may和can都可表示請(qǐng)求、許可,意為“可以”,但may用在一般疑問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求、許可時(shí),其主語(yǔ)常用第一人稱(chēng),故答案為D。7. D。句意:禁止兒童坐在汽車(chē)的前排座位上。那樣太危險(xiǎn)。need需要;neednt沒(méi)必要;must必須;mustnt表禁止。根據(jù)句意可知答案為D項(xiàng)。8. B。本句意為:看,有人把書(shū)落在這里。這本書(shū)一定時(shí)Kitty的,只有她喜歡讀這類(lèi)型的書(shū)。由“only”

24、可知此處表示肯定,故答案選B。 9. C。C項(xiàng)意為“必須”。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,必須遵守交通規(guī)則,紅燈亮必須停車(chē)。故選C。 10. C。句意:你這周日有什么計(jì)劃嗎我不確定,我可能去鄉(xiāng)下看我奶奶。can表示推測(cè)時(shí)經(jīng)常用于否定句,表示肯定不;must肯定,表示把握很大的推測(cè);may可能,也許,表示推測(cè)的可能性很?。籲eed需要。根據(jù)上句的還沒(méi)有確定,可知說(shuō)話(huà)的可能性小,故選C。11. B。句意:作為中學(xué)生,如果我們想要我們的夢(mèng)想成真,我們就不應(yīng)該害怕困難。must必須,應(yīng)該,一定;shouldnt不應(yīng)該;need需要,不得不。根據(jù)題意,故選B。12. D。句意:你不必現(xiàn)在歸還這本書(shū),如果你喜歡,你可以到

25、下周再還。have to必須;cant不能;mustnt一定不要;neednt不必。根據(jù)You can keep it until next week if you like可知用neednt。13. A。媽媽?zhuān)冶仨氁闳ベ?gòu)物嗎不,你不需要。你可以和你的朋友們一起看電影超能陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)6。當(dāng)用must提問(wèn)時(shí),肯定回答是Yes, you must否定回答是No, you neednt.或者No, you dont have to故選A項(xiàng)。 14. D。此題意為“Harry開(kāi)了一整天車(chē),一定很累”,表示肯定推測(cè),故選must。 15. B。句意:真的很令人驚訝,馬先生的小女兒英語(yǔ)能夠說(shuō)得如此好。mu

26、st必須;can能,會(huì);mustnt禁止;cant不能。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B項(xiàng)。【鞏固練習(xí)】I.單項(xiàng)選擇。1The last bus has gone. We _ go home on foot. A. couldB. mustC. have toD. can 2 _ you please tell me how to get to the airport A. ShallB. MayC. ShouldD. Will3Post the letter for me when you go out, _ you A. willB. doC. dont D. shall 4. I_work out

27、the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. neednt5. Judging by her accent, she _ be an American. A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. will6_ you turn down your radio, pleaseYes, I can. AMay BNeed CMust DCan7Can I wear any clothes I like to schoolNo, you cantYou _

28、 wear a uniform. Amight Bmust Cwill Dwould8Everyone _ go through the security check (安檢) when entering the World Expo Park. A. can B. may C. must D. ought9Must I clean the room nowNo,you can do it tomorrow. Amustnt Bmust Cneednt Dneed10I saw Kevin in the supermarket this morning No,it _ himHe moved

29、to Canada last week Acan be Bmust be Ccant be Dmustnt be11Look at that girl! Is it SusanNo, it _ be her. She has gone back to her hometown. Amustnt Bcant Cneednt Dwouldnt12 Im feeling much better now so you _ call the doctor. A. couldnt B. wouldnt C. cant D. neednt13Dad,must I do my homework now NoY

30、ou _ play games with your friends for a little while Awould Bneednt Cmay Dmust14What will the weather be like tomorrowIt _ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows Amust Bmight Cshall Dshould15How was the youth club last night, MarkIt was great fun. You _ come. Amust Bcan Cshould Dmay16_ your American f

31、riend eat with chopsticks Yes,he can. But he cant use them well ACan BShould CMust D. will17. _ I take some photos in the hall No, you _ .A. Can; neednt B. Must ; mustnt C. Could; wont D. May; mustnt18. Look! A book is on the floor. Whose is it It _be Ricks. It has his name on it.A. mustnt B. cant C

32、. must D. need toy Mickey Mouse _be Amys. shes the only kid at the picnic. A. must B. can C. need D. cant 20一Shall I tell Jim the good news一No, you_Ive told him alreadyAwouldnt Bneednt Cshouldnt DmustntII.用方框內(nèi)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞填空。(每詞只用一次)need, can, cant, shall, shouldnt, may, must, mustnt, have to, would 1. I sh

33、ow him the wayNo,you neednt.2. Can you answer this question in FrenchNo, I .3. May I keep the book for three weeks No, you .4. Nobody live without air or water.5. You not worry. Everything will be all right.6. I have some chocolates now No, you mustnt.7. Children be left alone.8. I finish my homewor

34、k before I go to bed.9. we go out for a walk Thats a good idea.10. you like some fish【答案與解析】I.單項(xiàng)選擇。1. C。 這里是表示客觀(guān)需要,意為“不得不”。2. D。 Will you please do這是一個(gè)固定句型,表示請(qǐng)求,意為“請(qǐng)你做某事好嗎”。3. A。 考查祈使句的反義疑問(wèn)句,附加問(wèn)句常用will you,表示請(qǐng)求。4. B。 由yesterday可知用couldnt而不用cant。5. A。 這里cant表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的否定推測(cè),意為“不可能是”。6. D。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。由答句“Yes,I can”可知答案為D項(xiàng)。 句意:我可以穿我喜歡的任何一件衣服去上學(xué)嗎不,你不能。你必須穿校服。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。might可能,也許;must必須;will將要;would意愿。根據(jù)句意說(shuō)話(huà)者要表達(dá)命令的語(yǔ)氣,故選B項(xiàng)。8. C。 句意:當(dāng)進(jìn)入世博園時(shí),每個(gè)人必須通過(guò)安檢。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。can能,可能;may可以;must必須;ought應(yīng)該。根據(jù)常識(shí)及實(shí)際情況,進(jìn)人世博園必須安檢。故選C。9. C。 句意:我現(xiàn)在必須打掃房間嗎不必,你可以明天打掃。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。對(duì)must引起的疑問(wèn)句的否定回答要用neednt。10. C。本題考查了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法

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