中國(guó)CDM能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目培訓(xùn)講義課件

1、審定CDM Project Validation 中國(guó)CDM能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目培訓(xùn)講義Training Material Building Capacity for the CDM in China2022/10/141審定中國(guó)CDM能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目培訓(xùn)講義Training MatCDM項(xiàng)目流程：The CDM Project Cycle設(shè)計(jì)審定/注冊(cè)監(jiān)測(cè)核查/認(rèn)證簽發(fā)CERsPP： 項(xiàng)目參與方DOE：指定經(jīng)營(yíng)實(shí)體EB： 執(zhí)行理事會(huì)CER： 經(jīng)核證的減排2022/10/142CDM項(xiàng)目流程：The CDM Project Cycle設(shè)審定： Validation審定是指由指定的經(jīng)營(yíng)實(shí)體對(duì)照第17/CP.

2、7 號(hào)決定、該決定附件及COP/MOP 的有關(guān)決定所規(guī)定的對(duì)清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制合格性的要求, 根據(jù)清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)書(shū)(CDM-PDD), 對(duì)項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)進(jìn)行獨(dú)立評(píng)估的過(guò)程。Validation is the process of independent evaluation of a project activity by a designated operational entity against the requirements of the CDM as set out in decision 17/CP.7 its annex and relevant decisions of the C

3、OP/MOP, on the basis of the project design document (CDMPDD). 2022/10/143審定： Validation審定是指由指定的經(jīng)營(yíng)實(shí)體對(duì)照第1審定流程：The validation process草擬審定報(bào)告Draft Validation Report審定團(tuán)隊(duì)選擇Validation Team Selection選擇審定者ValidatorSelection簽訂審定合同Validation Contract Establishment準(zhǔn)備項(xiàng)目文件Develop ProjectDocumentation改正行動(dòng)要求的決定Resol

4、ution of Corrective Action Requests最終審定報(bào)告與意見(jiàn)Final Validation Report and Opinion背景調(diào)查Background Investigations文件評(píng)審Document Review跟蹤訪問(wèn)Follow-up InterviewsEB 批準(zhǔn)的方法EB Approval ofMethodologies公開(kāi)聽(tīng)取利害相關(guān)方意見(jiàn) Public Stakeholder Comment Process (30 days)在執(zhí)行理事會(huì)注冊(cè)EB Registrationof project基準(zhǔn)線與監(jiān)測(cè)方法學(xué)的檢查Baseline & Mo

5、nitoring Methodology Check2022/10/144審定流程：The validation process草擬審CDM審定的參與方：CDM Validation Actors: (Indicative) 顧問(wèn)Consultants 項(xiàng)目主辦國(guó)DesignatedNationalAuthority指定經(jīng)營(yíng)實(shí)體DesignatedOperationalEntity項(xiàng)目提出方ProjectProponentValidation Contract PartiesInvolved actors 項(xiàng)目實(shí)體Project Entity 執(zhí)行理事會(huì)ExecutiveBoard締約方的相關(guān)

6、方認(rèn)可的NGOParties Stakeholders, Accredited NGOs地方利害相關(guān)方LocalStakeholders項(xiàng)目參與方Project participants 合同關(guān)系 Contractual relationships溝通關(guān)系 Communication channels during validation2022/10/145CDM審定的參與方：CDM Validation ActorCDM 審定的準(zhǔn)則：CDM Validation Criteria項(xiàng)目東道國(guó)的要求：Host country criteria京都議定書(shū)準(zhǔn)則：Kyoto Protocol crit

7、eria馬拉喀什協(xié)議：Marrakech Accords modalities CDM執(zhí)行理事會(huì)的決定：Decisions by the CDM EB項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的特定要求：Project specific criteria方法學(xué)的特定準(zhǔn)則Methodology specific criteria2022/10/146CDM 審定的準(zhǔn)則：CDM Validation Crite新方法學(xué)的審定：Validation of a new methodology 審定者也應(yīng)確認(rèn)項(xiàng)目所用的方法學(xué)，以及此方法學(xué)是否經(jīng)CDM執(zhí)行理事會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。若審定者確認(rèn)此項(xiàng)目應(yīng)使用新的方法學(xué)，則應(yīng)將新的方法學(xué)送交CDM執(zhí)行理事會(huì)

8、批準(zhǔn)。The validator shall determine whether the methodology employed by the project to determine the projects methodology is previously approved by the CDM Executive Board. If the validator determines that the project intends to use a new methodology, the new methodology must be submitted for approval

9、by the CDM Executive Board.CDM modalities & procedures, paragraph 382022/10/147新方法學(xué)的審定：Validation of a new me文件評(píng)審：Document review文件是否全面符合并遵照UNFCCCC CDM-EB的PDD模版結(jié)構(gòu)和準(zhǔn)則要求The documentation is complete and comprehensive and follows the structure and criteria given in the UNFCCC CDM-EB template 基準(zhǔn)線和監(jiān)測(cè)計(jì)劃是否

10、合理并適合該項(xiàng)目之特點(diǎn)The baseline and monitoring methodologies are justified and appropriate for the specific project有關(guān)基準(zhǔn)線的假設(shè)是保守的和適宜的The assumptions for the baseline are conservative and appropriate對(duì)基準(zhǔn)線發(fā)展的描述已考慮了與項(xiàng)目有關(guān)的技術(shù)、政治、社會(huì)人口、環(huán)境以及立法趨勢(shì)的因素The description of the baseline development has considered technologica

11、l, political, socio-demographic, environmental and legal trends of relevance to the project項(xiàng)目文件可以充分證明項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的額外性Additionality of the project is sufficiently demonstrated in the PDD2022/10/148文件評(píng)審：Document review文件是否全面符合并遵背景調(diào)查：Background Investigations項(xiàng)目使用的技術(shù)：Project technology東道國(guó)國(guó)家的環(huán)境法律法規(guī)：Environmental

12、 legislation in the host countryUNFCCC已經(jīng)接受和注冊(cè)的相似項(xiàng)目UNFCCC acceptance and registration of similar projects以前項(xiàng)目參與方與東道國(guó)簽訂的協(xié)議等Previous established agreements, Memorandums of Understanding or Letters of Intent between the project proponent and the host Party東道國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策Sustainable development prior

13、ities and Macro-economic trends in the host country 數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源及可用性Identification of data sources and data availability項(xiàng)目實(shí)施可能遇到的其他問(wèn)題，如配銷、電廠、電網(wǎng)等， 以及能原項(xiàng)目的氣體配送網(wǎng)絡(luò)Issues related to project implementation impacts, such as dispatch patterns, marginal power plants, grid factors etc. and gas distribution network co

14、verage for energy projects2022/10/149背景調(diào)查：Background Investigations跟蹤訪問(wèn)：Follow up interviews 與項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)者討論項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)實(shí)施或項(xiàng)目財(cái)務(wù)情況，并確認(rèn)CDM的實(shí)用性Discussing the technical implementation or financing of the project with the project developer and justification of CDM application與項(xiàng)目東道國(guó)項(xiàng)目指定管理機(jī)構(gòu)討論，以了解并確認(rèn)東道國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略及要求Discuss

15、ing with the host Partys designated national authority in order to understand and validate issues related to sustainable development and national requirements2022/10/1410跟蹤訪問(wèn)：Follow up interviews 與項(xiàng)目開(kāi)相關(guān)方協(xié)商過(guò)程：Stakeholder Consultation ProcessDOE應(yīng)：a) 建立與UNFCCC CDM網(wǎng)站連接的網(wǎng)站，將項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)文件并以PDF形式公開(kāi)；或The DOE shall

16、: a) establish a web site where PDDs shall be made publicly available in PDF format through a link to the UNFCCC CDM web site; orb) 將項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)文件直接放在UNFCCC網(wǎng)站上公開(kāi)b) make PDDs directly publicly available in PDF format on the UNFCCC web.CDM-EB-09 Annex 7審定機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)將PDD文件公開(kāi)30天，邀請(qǐng)締約方、利害相關(guān)方、UNFCCC認(rèn)可的非政府組織發(fā)表評(píng)論。協(xié)商過(guò)程內(nèi)收到的

17、評(píng)論應(yīng)為公眾所獲取。The validator shall make the PDD under consideration publicly available and invite Parties, stakeholders and UNFCCC accredited NGOs to comment on the validation requirements within 30 days. Comments received during the 30 day stakeholder consultation process shall be made publicly availabl

18、e. 確認(rèn)機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)考慮所收到的評(píng)論并證明如何把這些評(píng)論意見(jiàn)納入到確認(rèn)過(guò)程中。The validator shall take into account the comments received and shall demonstrate how due account was taken in the validation process of the comments received.為確保確認(rèn)的透明度，確認(rèn)機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)將所受到的評(píng)論意見(jiàn)以、如可與利害相關(guān)方討論、評(píng)審這些評(píng)論意見(jiàn)詳細(xì)描述在確認(rèn)報(bào)告的附件中。To ensure a transparent validation process, t

19、he validator may include the comments received and how the validation has taken due account of the comments received in a separate appendix to the validation report. Issues brought up by stakeholders may be further discussed and elaborated in the projects validation protocol2022/10/1411相關(guān)方協(xié)商過(guò)程：Stake

20、holder Consultati澄清與改正要求：Clarifications and Corrective Action Requests審定機(jī)構(gòu)可能識(shí)別出部分議題與項(xiàng)目的基準(zhǔn)線、實(shí)施或運(yùn)行需進(jìn)一步改善、研究或增加，以符合UNFCCC或東道國(guó)的要求，并獲得可信的減排。與項(xiàng)目要求不符合、或可能造成特定項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)成功達(dá)成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的發(fā)現(xiàn),均開(kāi)立“改正行動(dòng)要求”A validation may identify issues related to the projects baseline, implementation or operations that need to be further elab

21、orated, researched or added to meet UNFCCC or host Party requirements and achieve credible emission reductions. Non-compliance with project requirements, or the identification of a risk to successful fulfilment of the particular projects objectives have been termed ”Corrective Action Request . 可能對(duì)項(xiàng)目

22、結(jié)果產(chǎn)生直接影響的假設(shè)或項(xiàng)目文件錯(cuò)誤mistakes have been made in assumptions or the project documentation which directly will influence on project results; 項(xiàng)目審定相關(guān)要求中部分特性沒(méi)有滿足要求the requirements deemed relevant for validation of a project with certain characteristics have not been met; 存在著項(xiàng)目不能在UNFCCC注冊(cè)或減排無(wú)法核查或認(rèn)證的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)a risk

23、that the project would not be registered by the UNFCCC or that emission reductions cannot be verified and certified. 當(dāng)信息不夠充分、不清楚或不夠透明以確認(rèn)是否滿足要求時(shí)， 會(huì)開(kāi)立“澄清要求“A Clarification Request is issued where information is insufficient, unclear or not transparent enough to establish whether a requirement is met.2

24、022/10/1412澄清與改正要求：Clarifications and Cor改正要求的處理：Resolution of Corrective Action Requests 項(xiàng)目的提出者應(yīng)回應(yīng)改正行動(dòng)和澄清要求，并應(yīng)在審定者完成組最終審定觀點(diǎn)前所提的逐一解決The project proponent will have to respond to the corrective action and clarification requests and barring exceptions resolve the issue before a final validation opinio

25、n is formulated by the validator and every exception shall be justified.項(xiàng)目的提出者有責(zé)在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)回應(yīng)審定者所提出的改正行動(dòng)要求It is the responsibility of the project proponent to respond to the corrective action requests identified by the validator in a timely manner. 改正行動(dòng)要求可能造成項(xiàng)目監(jiān)測(cè)計(jì)劃修改或、基準(zhǔn)線的確定以及項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)書(shū)的調(diào)整，也可能包括對(duì)項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)文件未體現(xiàn)或充分關(guān)

26、注問(wèn)題的進(jìn)一步調(diào)查。Corrective action requests may lead to amendments to the projects monitoring plan, or adjustments of the selected project baseline also require further investigation of issues that are not considered or appropriately addressed in the project documents. 如果澄清改正要求沒(méi)有在最終審定階段完成，將可能導(dǎo)致審定機(jī)構(gòu)不推薦注冊(cè)，或者

27、導(dǎo)致減排將不能被核查或核證。If this is not done in the final stages of the validation, it may cause the project not to be recommended for UNFCCC registration, or cause the expected emission reductions not to be subsequently verified and certified. However, such a choice shall be reflected as a qualification in th

28、e final validation opinion. 2022/10/1413改正要求的處理：Resolution of Correcti審定的最終報(bào)告：Validation Report審定最終報(bào)告應(yīng)能包括以下方面：The validation report should reflect:在提交草擬報(bào)告后有關(guān)項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)完善的調(diào)整情況，例如項(xiàng)目提出者對(duì)改正或澄清要求的討論、回復(fù)以及對(duì)項(xiàng)目文件的修改情況。The results from the dialogue and any adjustments made to the project after the draft validation

29、report was submitted. 報(bào)告應(yīng)對(duì)該項(xiàng)目是否符合UNFCCC有關(guān)要求形成結(jié)論，The final validation report should give the final conclusions regarding the projects conformance with relevant UNFCCC requirements. 報(bào)告應(yīng)對(duì)在項(xiàng)目實(shí)施過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。The validation report may raise issues that need to be subsequently addressed during project impl

30、ementation. 報(bào)告應(yīng)包括審定意見(jiàn)，是否同意推薦注冊(cè)或者不推薦注冊(cè)的理由The final validation report shall include a validation opinion which either forms the basis for UNFCCC registration of the project or which explains the reason for non-acceptance if the project is judged not to fulfill validation requirements. 2022/10/1414審定的最

31、終報(bào)告：Validation Report審定最終報(bào)審定意見(jiàn)：Validation Opinion A. 肯定的審定意見(jiàn)如果對(duì)項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)、基準(zhǔn)線監(jiān)測(cè)計(jì)劃的評(píng)審和進(jìn)一步評(píng)估的結(jié)果是項(xiàng)目符合UNFCCC以及項(xiàng)目發(fā)起國(guó)的要求，則形成肯定的合格審定意見(jiàn)B. 有保留的審定意見(jiàn)如果項(xiàng)目符合UNFCCC及項(xiàng)目東道國(guó)要求，但是項(xiàng)目在運(yùn)行、監(jiān)測(cè)和報(bào)告上不符合一致性的要求時(shí)，項(xiàng)目方應(yīng)在項(xiàng)目開(kāi)始時(shí)作出調(diào)整。 首次核查或第一次定期審核時(shí)應(yīng)確定這些有保留的審定意見(jiàn)是否得到了充分的關(guān)注C. 否定的意見(jiàn)當(dāng)審定機(jī)構(gòu)無(wú)法獲得充分適合的證據(jù)以判斷項(xiàng)目是否符合UNFCCC和項(xiàng)目發(fā)起國(guó)的要求得到滿足時(shí)，將形成否定的確認(rèn)意見(jiàn)。在這種情況

32、下項(xiàng)目將不能被審定。A. Unqualified validation opinion An unqualified validation opinion is issued if the review and further assessment of the project design, the baseline and monitoring plan concluded that the project complies with all UNFCCC and host Party requirements. This means that all corrective action

33、requests presented in the draft validation report were satisfactorily resolved.B. Qualified validation opinionA qualified validation opinion will be issued when the project meets all UNFCCC and host Party requirements, but does not meet criteria given to provide for consistent project operations, mo

34、nitoring and reporting. The project developer shall rectify such issues prior to project commencement, and the initial verification or first periodic verification shall determine whether qualifications stated in the validation opinion have been sufficiently addressed. C. Denial of validation A denia

35、l of validation shall be clearly expressed when the validator is unable to obtain sufficient and appropriate evidence which could confirm that UNFCCC or host Party requirement are met, or where evidence show that such requirement are not met. Hence, the validator will conclude that the project canno

36、t be validated.2022/10/1415審定意見(jiàn)：Validation Opinion A. 肯定的審定意見(jiàn)：Examples of Validation Opinions肯定的審定意見(jiàn) Unqualified validation opinion “XYZ 機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)ABC 公司提出的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了審定。審定活動(dòng)是根據(jù)UNFCCC的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及項(xiàng)目發(fā)起國(guó)的相關(guān)要求以及說(shuō)給定的項(xiàng)目在實(shí)施、監(jiān)測(cè)和報(bào)告的一致性的規(guī)則進(jìn)行。在審定項(xiàng)目文件以及后續(xù)的跟蹤訪問(wèn)活動(dòng)過(guò)程中，提供給審定組有關(guān)項(xiàng)目證據(jù)可以證明符合確認(rèn)的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此我們的確認(rèn)意見(jiàn)該項(xiàng)目符合UNFCCC和東道國(guó)的相關(guān)要求。XYZ 驗(yàn)證公司

37、受到項(xiàng)目主辦國(guó)對(duì)該項(xiàng)目有準(zhǔn)予可持續(xù)發(fā)展的確認(rèn)文件通過(guò)可再生能源替代石化燃料發(fā)電，該項(xiàng)目所產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳減排對(duì)減緩氣候變化是真實(shí)的、可測(cè)量的和具有長(zhǎng)期利益的。通過(guò)對(duì)投資和技術(shù)障礙的分析，所提出的項(xiàng)目不是可能的基準(zhǔn)線情景，因此由于項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的減排險(xiǎn)對(duì)于沒(méi)有改項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的情況是額外的。如果項(xiàng)目能過(guò)按照所設(shè)計(jì) 方案實(shí)施，該項(xiàng)目可能帶到估計(jì)的減排數(shù)量。根據(jù)項(xiàng)目東道國(guó)指定管理機(jī)構(gòu)的認(rèn)可文件，該項(xiàng)目將由XYZ推薦在UNFCCC注冊(cè)。有保留的審定意見(jiàn)Qualified validation opinion審定發(fā)現(xiàn)，監(jiān)測(cè)與報(bào)告程序尚未完全建立，缺乏這一程序可能導(dǎo)致減排無(wú)法核查和核證。因此項(xiàng)目應(yīng)在實(shí)施前建立健全

38、這一程序2022/10/1416審定意見(jiàn)：Examples of Validation Op審定檢查清單：Validation Protocol在對(duì)CDM項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行審定時(shí)，檢查清單是提高審定全面性和效率的手段A generic protocol for the validation of CDM projects has been developed to facilitate cost-effective and comprehensive validation of CDM projects. 檢查清單還能幫助確認(rèn)人員追蹤：The protocol may also be used duri

39、ng the validation process to assist the validator to keep track of:需要進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證/檢查的問(wèn)題issues to be further verified/ checked,需要項(xiàng)目方澄清的問(wèn)題issues to be clarified by the project parties,需要項(xiàng)目方改正的問(wèn)題issues to be corrected by the project parties2022/10/1417審定檢查清單：Validation Protocol在對(duì)CD審定檢查清單：Validation ProtocolTa

40、ble 1CDM 強(qiáng)制要求REQUIREMENT出處Ref結(jié)論CONCLUSION引用檢查清單Cross Reference to Checklist (Table 2)項(xiàng)目必須滿足的要求The requirements the project must meet. 該要求的出處Reference to the legislation or agreement where the requirement is found. 該要求通過(guò)提供的證據(jù)可接受，或者由于存在一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或不滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求開(kāi)出CAR. This is either acceptable based on evidence p

41、rovided (OK), or a Corrective Action Request (CAR) of risk or non-compliance with stated requirements.使用表2的檢查清單的部分，說(shuō)明確認(rèn)過(guò)程是如何進(jìn)行的。To ensure a transparent process, this refers to the relevant checklist questions in Table 2 to show how the specific requirement is validated. Table 2檢查的問(wèn)題CHECKLIST QUESTIO

42、N出處Ref檢查方法MoV意見(jiàn)COMMENTS初步結(jié)論Draft Conclusions最終意見(jiàn)Final Conclusions根據(jù)表1中的總要求展開(kāi)一系列的問(wèn)題。（根據(jù)CDM-PDD躲結(jié)溝逐一展開(kāi)。每一個(gè)問(wèn)題可能包括一系列的子問(wèn)題。The various requirements in Table 1 are linked to specific checklist questions the project shall meet. The checklist is organised in different sections, following the CDM-PDD structu

43、re. Each section is then further sub-divided. The lowest level constitutes a checklist question檢查問(wèn)題的依據(jù)Reference to documents where the source to the checklist question or item is found.文件評(píng)審/現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察/訪問(wèn)等 The means of verification explains how conformance with the checklist question is investigated, i.e.

44、through document review (DR) or interview (I).說(shuō)明問(wèn)題是否符合要求形成結(jié)論 The section is used to elaborate and discuss the checklist question and/or the conformance to the question. and to explain the conclusions reached. 根據(jù)證據(jù)說(shuō)明是否可接受或者開(kāi)出CAR。表3應(yīng)對(duì)所開(kāi)出的CAR進(jìn)行追蹤 This is either acceptable based on evidence provided (OK

45、), or a CAR or a CL Whenever a CAR or CL is issued, table 3 shall be used to describe how the findings have been resolved and concluded. 根據(jù)表3或證據(jù)得出審定最終結(jié)論The final conclusion of the validation shall be documented as either OK , CAR or CL. This is based on the resolution of outstanding issues as elabor

46、ated in Table 3.Table 3澄清與改正要求Draft report clarifications and corrective action requests by validation team出處對(duì)回答的總結(jié)審定結(jié)論澄清或改正行動(dòng)要求的描述 If the conclusions from the draft validation are either a Corrective Action Request or a Clarification Request, these shall be listed in this section.表2檢中的問(wèn)題 Reference

47、to the checklist question number in Table 2 where the CAR or CL is explained.對(duì)澄清或改正行動(dòng)要求的回答 The responses given from the project proponent or other project participants during the communications with the validation team shall be summarised in this section.對(duì)回答的評(píng)審結(jié)果（最終審定結(jié)論） This section shall summarise

48、 the Validation Team responses and final conclusions. The conclusions shall also be included in Table 2, in the section called “Conclusions Final”.2022/10/1418審定檢查清單：Validation ProtocolTabl總結(jié)：Summary 對(duì)審定機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)，審定報(bào)告是核查減排的一個(gè)輸入。所有在審定之后可能發(fā)生的對(duì)減排有重要影響的變化都應(yīng)考慮在內(nèi)。For the verifier, the validation report will hen

49、ce be one of the inputs used for verification of emission reductions, and any changes that have occurred since validation and that have impact on the claimed emission reductions shall therefore be considered.審定機(jī)構(gòu)只能對(duì)在特定情況下項(xiàng)目符合要求的可能性進(jìn)行說(shuō)明It must be kept in mind that a validation can only tell something

50、 about the projects likelihood to comply with requirements and to succeed at a certain point in time and under given circumstances. 2022/10/1419總結(jié)：Summary 對(duì)審定機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)，審定報(bào)告是核查減排的一個(gè)補(bǔ)充信息：additional information/Validation/VVM/VVM_4.htm2022/10/1420補(bǔ)充信息：additional informationhtt羕鞳篆妖寧獀炃慦唦槞嚳瀱嗗顉鐋鷉壘頜賆轇檣玀迣鬨浟巡柮璵釵轛義磷

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