Unit 4 Grammar定語從句易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)導(dǎo)學(xué)案限制性從句非限制性從句-高中英語人教新課標(biāo)選修七

1、定語從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案一、概念：定語從句就是用作定語的句子。在句子中起形容詞的作用，修飾名詞、名詞詞組、代詞或句子。被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞。根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系是否緊密，分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。二、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。注意：定語從句并不一定直接放在先行詞的后面, 要根據(jù)句意來判斷誰是先行詞.判斷方法：1. 劃分主從句（翻譯，判斷句子主次關(guān)系）；2. 標(biāo)先行詞(人、物等)；3. 確定從句中缺少的成分。例如：1.The book _ I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.

2、 2. It is the house _ he was born.3 It is in the house _ he was born.（帶學(xué)生在導(dǎo)學(xué)案第二頁一起畫出定語從句的思維導(dǎo)圖）三、使用關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：（一）who、that、whom（賓）這些詞代替的先行詞是人，在從句中做主語和賓語。（做賓語時(shí)可以省略） When I just got to my office, the secretary showed in the man who/that has asked me for directions. Mr White has two sons, both of whom

3、 are actors. （介賓）（二）that、which所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，可以互換。A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮(which/that 在從句中作主語)The package(which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了(which/that 在從句中作賓語，可以省略)（三）特殊情況：只能用that不用which的情況：（課本p96 自主測評p

4、48）1) 先行詞是anything, everything, few, all, none等不定代詞，或者由every, any, all, some, no, much等不定代詞修飾時(shí)；2) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)或被其修飾時(shí)；3) 先行詞既有人又有物的名詞時(shí)；4) 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last等修飾時(shí)；5) 有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which時(shí)；（四）whose 用來指人或物 （只用作定語，如果指物，它可以和of which 互換）They rushed over to help the man whose car

5、 had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。（五）as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句（常以固定搭配記憶） 1）常用結(jié)構(gòu)，as we all know, as is known (to all), see/as we planned/as we expected, as is reported,as is usual 2）在 the same .as, such/so.as, as.as 的句型中。 Its said that the moon is mad

6、e up of the same kind of matter as exists on the earth. 據(jù)說，月球是由與地球上存在的相同物質(zhì)組成的。先行詞被the same 修飾時(shí)，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞除了as外，還有that。兩個(gè)的區(qū)別是，用as 時(shí)表示前后所指的時(shí)同一類別的不同個(gè)體，用that表示所指的是同一個(gè)事物。 He is wearing the same trousers as the girl wore yesterday. 他穿的褲子和女孩昨天穿的一樣。 He is given the same job that he refused yesterday.他被給了昨天拒絕的

7、那份工作。四、使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：先行詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中做的成分與“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的關(guān)系表示時(shí)間的名詞：time,day,year等when作時(shí)間狀語=at/in/on/during which表示場所的名詞：park,place,country等where作地點(diǎn)狀語=in/at/to/on which表示理由或原因的名詞：reasonwhy作原因狀語=for which當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：point, situation, case, stage等，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句，如果不作狀語，則用which/that.單句語法填

8、空This is the place he works. This is the place we visited last year.That was the time he arrived. Do you still remember the time we spent together?This is the reason _(= for which) I didnt come here. The reason _ she gave was not true.五、介詞+which(指人只能用whom ,指物用which)（一）介詞的選擇：介詞的選擇取決于這個(gè)介詞與先行詞或從句中相關(guān)成分的

9、搭配關(guān)系。 1.與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系1）I will never forget the day _which I joined the army.2）I will never forget the year which my son went to college.3） I will never forget the school which I studied. 2.與從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的固定搭配1）Have you found the book which I paid $29?Have you found the book which I spent $29?Have you found th

10、e book which we learnt a lot?Do you know the man which she often talks?This is the boy whom I take pride.3.根據(jù)句子意思1）I broke my glasses, _ which I cant see clearly.注意：并不是所有情況下介詞都可以前置，含有借此的短語如果前移了介詞，短語的意義已改變，此時(shí)介詞是不能前移。如look for, look after, take care of, listen to,break into等六、定語從句補(bǔ)充考點(diǎn)（一）定語從句和并列句的比較1）H

11、e failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.2）He failed in the exam, _ made his parents angry.3）He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4）He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.5）He has two sons, and both of _ are teachers.提示：做題時(shí)要看清句子的結(jié)構(gòu),判斷句子是單句、并列句還是主從復(fù)合句。（二）定語從句中主謂一致1）This is one of the rooms

12、that (be)damaged in the fire.This is the only one of the rooms that _ (be)damaged in the fire.2）The university in France that I am applying for _(have) its own requirement.句子成分：（英語無謂語不成句）句子成分意義能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞掷渲髡Z表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語或句子We study in HuangQiao Middle school.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組She

13、is dancing under the tree.賓語表示動(dòng)作行為的對象由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語充當(dāng)Both of us like English.表語在系動(dòng)詞后，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞除了形容詞作定語外，代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語也可做定語。We have eight lessons every day.狀語修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子，或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語等來表示。He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)足主語意義的句子成分叫主語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)足賓語意義的句子成分叫作賓語補(bǔ)足語。形容詞，名詞，介詞，介詞短語，不定式，分詞等She always keeps the house clean