科技英語(yǔ)的概念及特點(diǎn)課件

1、第一講 科技英語(yǔ)的概念及特點(diǎn)第一講 科技英語(yǔ)的概念及特點(diǎn)English for Special Purposes一、科技英語(yǔ)的概念ESP最早稱為1.學(xué)術(shù)用英語(yǔ)（EAP）主要應(yīng)用于以交流學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)言的學(xué)術(shù)場(chǎng)合，使用者多是在英國(guó)美國(guó)或說(shuō)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的留學(xué)人員、研究人員或訪問(wèn)學(xué)者，他們或聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)講座，或參加英語(yǔ)課程培訓(xùn)。Eg1. Different topics will require the use of different information sources, but there are a number of reference tools that every student should be

2、 able to use with ease.2.職業(yè)英語(yǔ)（EOP）3.科技英語(yǔ)（EST）English for Academic PurposesEnglish for Special Purposes一、English for Special Purposes一、科技英語(yǔ)的概念ESP最早稱為1.學(xué)術(shù)用英語(yǔ)（EAP）是職業(yè)人員如國(guó)際接線員、國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)管理者、國(guó)際貿(mào)易商人、旅游服務(wù)人員等等，在工作中必須具備的一項(xiàng)技能。Eg2. A wide variety of accommodation is available to the modern tourist. It varies from th

3、e guest house or tourist home with one or two rooms to grand luxury hotels with hundreds of rooms. A feature of Europe is the pension, a small establishment with perhaps ten to twenty guest rooms. 2.職業(yè)英語(yǔ)（EOP）English for Occupational PurposesEg3.膳宿公寓English for Special Purposes一、English for Special P

4、urposes一、科技英語(yǔ)的概念ESP最早稱為1.學(xué)術(shù)用英語(yǔ)（EAP）科技英語(yǔ)主要指科學(xué)家、技術(shù)人員、工程師等交換或交流其專業(yè)意見(jiàn)、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造、信息、數(shù)據(jù)、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告或?qū)嶒?yàn)過(guò)程等而使用的語(yǔ)言。在文體上應(yīng)該精確、簡(jiǎn)明、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)；內(nèi)容上經(jīng)常包括數(shù)學(xué)公式、圖表等；措辭上常使用典型的句式及大量的專業(yè)或半專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。 3.科技英語(yǔ)（EST）English for Science and Technology2.職業(yè)英語(yǔ)（EOP）Eg4.English for Special Purposes一、二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)1.一般結(jié)構(gòu)（1）標(biāo)題 Title（2）目錄 Contents（3）摘要 Abstract （含Key

5、 words)（5）正文 Body（4）引言 Introduction, Preface（6）結(jié)論與建議 Results, Conclusions, Suggestions（7）總結(jié) Summary（8）致謝 Acknowledgement（9）注釋 Notes（10）參考文獻(xiàn) References（11）附錄 Appendix二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)1.一般結(jié)構(gòu)（1）標(biāo)題 Title（2）二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（1）標(biāo)題 Title科技文章的標(biāo)題往往是文章的中心主旨，文章的標(biāo)題反映了作者所研究的主要內(nèi)容或作者所描述的科學(xué)真理和事實(shí)，或作者要說(shuō)明的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程和產(chǎn)品使用說(shuō)明等。語(yǔ)言特征關(guān)于的

6、研究、探討、分析、描述、說(shuō)明等：Research/study/probeonIntroduction/brief introduction toInvestigation/survey/analysis/description of說(shuō)明一個(gè)科學(xué)真理和事實(shí)、實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程、產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明 等，一般采用名詞性詞組、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式 The Miracle Chip, Machine Tools二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（1）標(biāo)題 Title科技文二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（2）摘要 Abstract反映科技文獻(xiàn)主要內(nèi)容、思想方法、重要觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論等一般長(zhǎng)度為150200words多由3部分組成：主題句、支

7、持句和結(jié)論句語(yǔ)言特征主題句The purpose of the paper isThe primary goal of this research isThe overall objective of this study isIn this paper, we aim atThe chief aim of the present work is to investigate the facts thatThe main objective of our study has been to obtain some resultsThe emphasis of the research lies

8、 inThe author intends to build a model/a framework ofExperiment on is made in order to measure the amount of二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（2）摘要 Abstract二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（2）摘要 Abstract反映科技文獻(xiàn)主要內(nèi)容、思想方法、重要觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論等一般長(zhǎng)度為150200words多由3部分組成：主題句、支持句和結(jié)論句語(yǔ)言特征支持句The method used in our study is known asThe technique we applied is

9、referred to asThe procedure they followed can be briefly described asThe approach adopted extensively is calledDetailed information has been acquired by the authors usingThe research has recorded valuable data using the newly-developed method.This is a working theory which is based on the idea thatT

10、he fundamental feature of this theory is as follows,二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（2）摘要 Abstract二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（2）摘要 Abstract反映科技文獻(xiàn)主要內(nèi)容、思想方法、重要觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論等一般長(zhǎng)度為150200words多由3部分組成：主題句、支持句和結(jié)論句語(yǔ)言特征The theory is characterized byThe experiment consisted of three steps, which are described inThe test equipment that was used c

11、onsisted ofIncluded in the experiment wereThey undertook many experiments to support the hypothesis whichRecent experiments in this area suggested thatA number of experiments were performed to checkExamples with actual experiment demonstrateSpecial mention is given here to支持句二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（2）摘要 Abs

12、tract二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（2）摘要 Abstract反映科技文獻(xiàn)主要內(nèi)容、思想方法、重要觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論等一般長(zhǎng)度為150200words多由3部分組成：主題句、支持句和結(jié)論句語(yǔ)言特征In conclusion, we state thatIn summing up it may be stated thatIt is concluded thatThe results of the experiment indicate thatThe studies we have performed showed thatWe carried out several studies that

13、have demonstrated thatThe research we have done suggests thatThe investigation carried out byhas revealed thatAll our preliminary results throw light on the nature of結(jié)論句二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（2）摘要 Abstract二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（2）摘要 Abstract反映科技文獻(xiàn)主要內(nèi)容、思想方法、重要觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論等一般長(zhǎng)度為150200words多由3部分組成：主題句、支持句和結(jié)論句語(yǔ)言特征As a resul

14、t of our experiments, we concluded thatFrom our experiment, the authors came to realize thatThis fruitful work gives explanation of The research work has brought about a discovery ofThese findings of the research have led the author to the conclusion thatThe data obtained appear to be very similar t

15、o those reported earlier byThe author has satisfactorily come to the conclusion thatFinally, a summary is given of結(jié)論句二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（2）摘要 Abstract二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（3）引言Introduction, Preface對(duì)全文的綜述和概述，包括研究的背景及目的意義，向讀者介紹文章的思想和內(nèi)容，常用句型如下：Over the past several decadesSomebody reportedThe previous work on ha

16、s indicated thatRecent experiments by have suggestedSeveral researchers have theoretically investigatedIn most studies of has been emphasized with attention being given toIndustrial use of is becoming increasingly common.There have been a few studies highlightingIt is well known that二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（

17、3）引言Introducti二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（4）正文 body正文是科技文章的主體，是科學(xué)分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)論證的過(guò)程反映，經(jīng)常使用各種圖表、公式論證作者的觀點(diǎn)。 表：Table;圖：Figure/Diagram/Graph/view/Flow Diagram/Chart/Frame Figure；公式、算式、方程式：Formula/Equation;如圖A所示，如表B所示：As it is shown in Fig. A, as it is shown in Table B.二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（4）正文 body正文是科二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（5）結(jié)論 concl

18、usion是對(duì)全文的總結(jié)，經(jīng)過(guò)科學(xué)的分析、研究而得出的結(jié)論。The following conclusions can be drawn fromIt can be concluded thatWe may conclude thatWe come to the conclusion thatIt is generally accepted (believed, held, acknowledged) thatWe think (consider, believe, feel) thatIt is advantageous to doIt should be realized (emphasi

19、zed, stressed, noted, pointed out )thatIt is suggested (proposed, recommended, desirable) thatIt would be better (helpful, advisable) that語(yǔ)言特征二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（5）結(jié)論 conclusi二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（6）致謝 Acknowledgement 致謝時(shí)作者在完成論文之后，為了表達(dá)對(duì)曾經(jīng)幫助自己的人的感謝 。I am thankful to sb. for sth.I am grateful to sb. for sth.I a

20、m deeply indebted to sb. for sth.I would like to thank sb. for sth.Thanks are due to sb. for sth. The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to sb. for sth. 語(yǔ)言特征（7）參考文獻(xiàn) References論文最后應(yīng)將參考過(guò)的主要文獻(xiàn)一一列出，表示對(duì)別人成果的尊重及作者的寫(xiě)作依據(jù)。 二、科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)2.語(yǔ)言特征（6）致謝 Acknowle三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式1.摘要部分常用的動(dòng)詞表達(dá)：常用的動(dòng)詞有： present,

21、 state, specify, describe, introduce, illustrate, interpret, report, explain, support, deal with, propose, characterize, argue, intent, decide, conclude, review, account for, discuss, treat, address, show, concern, develop, extend, consider, suggest, relate to, look at, etc.三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式1.摘要部分常用的動(dòng)詞表達(dá)

22、：三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式1.摘要部分常用的動(dòng)詞表達(dá)：常用句型有：The paper is essentially about, The author presents the theory/method/technology/facts that, A dominant factor is determined/ decided by, The model is set up/ established/ built through, To improve the process/ method/ technology/ theory, we will use a new kind of st

23、andard/ flow procedure, The author suggests that, To make full use of resource/ energy/ information/ data, we must adopt/ make/ take measure, It is shown/ probed proved investigated that, It is concluded that. 三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式1.摘要部分常用的動(dòng)詞表達(dá)：三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式2. 介紹、描述、分析、推理過(guò)程的表達(dá)常用的動(dòng)詞有：Discuss, study, research,

24、develop, design, make, perform, implement, mount, accomplish, testify, complete, equip with, produce, install, find out, describe, analyze, focus on, detect, compute, constitute, insist, comprise of, communicate with, consist of ,set up, cite, establish, build, increase, decrease, deduce, induce, in

25、fer, refer to, explain, investigate, survey, prove, divide into, accept, report, modify, repair, from, maintain, pay for, hold, indicate, stand for, show, be characterized by, faced with, emphasize, seem, conclude, create, based on benefit from, draw, change into, turn into, convert into, aim at, hi

26、ghlight, attempt to, propose, advise, put forward, innovate, range from, vary from, quote, verify, separate point out, represent, employ, discharge, charge, provide, supply, be regarded as, direct, apply for, compare to/with, express, believe, include, control, lead to state, illustrate, require, di

27、ffer from, support, delivery, etc. 三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式2. 介紹、描述、分析、推理過(guò)程的表三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式2. 介紹、描述、分析、推理過(guò)程的表達(dá)常用句型有：There are also a number of expressions used to introduce the present work:In this paper, is investigated (studied, discussed, presented, etc.)The present work deals mainly withWe report here, in the

28、 presence of This paper reports on On the basis of existing literature data, we carried out studies in an effort toThe present study will therefore focus onThe primary goal of this research isThe purpose of this paper (study, thesis, etc.) isIn this paper, we aim at三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式2. 介紹、描述、分析、推理過(guò)程的表三、機(jī)電

29、專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式3.表示討論、結(jié)果和結(jié)論的句型The research we have done suggests an increase inAs a result of our experiments we concluded thatThis fruitful work gives an explanation ofOur experimental data are briefly summarized as followsFigure 3 shows the results obtained from studies ofTable 5 presents the data provid

30、ed by the experiments onThis table summarized the data collected during the experiment ofSome of the authors findings are listed in tables.The direct outcome was then reported inSufficient result for has been observed with the new methodThis work did provideMost recent experiments to the same effect

31、 have led the author to believe thatAs a result of our experiments, we concluded that三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式3.表示討論、結(jié)果和結(jié)論的句型三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式3.表示討論、結(jié)果和結(jié)論的句型On the basis of, the following conclusion can be madeFromwe now concludeTo sum up, we have revealedWe have demonstrated in this paperThe results of the experimen

32、t indicateIn conclusion, the result showsWe have described, we foundOur argument proceeds inThe research work has brought about a discovery of Finally, a summary is given ofThese findings of the research have led the author to the conclusion thatThe research has resulted in a solution of三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式

33、3.表示討論、結(jié)果和結(jié)論的句型三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式4.時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)特點(diǎn) 時(shí)態(tài)比較單一，講述工作過(guò)程多用過(guò)去 時(shí)態(tài)，總結(jié)結(jié)論用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)； 常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)5.“圖”的表示法 drawing圖，工程圖 figure圖，插圖 picture圖畫(huà)，圖像 illustration插圖，圖解 diagram圖標(biāo)，簡(jiǎn)圖 view圖，視圖 sketch草圖，圖解 image像，圖像 graph曲線圖，圖表 outline輪廓圖，略圖三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式4.時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)特點(diǎn)三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式(1) This paper discusses the relation between the sampling

34、period and the stability of sampled-data.(2) The paper looks at what is happening across the UK as well as at new design techniques and materials now in use.(3) The paper addresses an important problem in design techniques.(4) The author describes a configuration of a high-field machine capable of w

35、orking at leading or lagging power factor.(5) The paper reviews these applications, summarizes the theory from materials science viewpoint, and discusses the instrumentation considerations or extensions of the techniques to other studies, and presents more recent applications.Drills三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式(1) T

36、his paper dis三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式(6) The author describes the techniques of open-loop vibration control.(7) The author proposes an approach to the creation of an integrated method of investigation and designing objects, based on a local computer system.(8) The paper concludes that, for British place in the

37、world to be restored, changes must be initiated in the areas of marketing, design, development and manufacture.(9) The paper provides a new framework for the analysis of loss of power.(10) A triangulation technique consisting of participant observation, interviews, and questionnaires was used to col

38、lect data from one hundred and ten engineers and twenty project managers over a two-year period.(11) The paper describes the use and development trends of telecommunication.Drills三、機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式(6) The author desMechatronics Mechatronics is nothing new; it is simply the application of the latest techni

39、ques in precision mechanical engineering, controls theory, computer science, and electronics to the design process to create more functional and adaptable products. This, of course, is something many forward-thinking designers and engineers have been doing for years. As shown in figure 1, mechatronc

40、ics is the interdisciplinary fusion (not just a simple mixture!) of mechanics, electronics and information technology. The objective is for engineer to complete development, which is why it is currently so popular with industry.最新技術(shù)指代超前設(shè)計(jì)思想機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)跨學(xué)科的、多領(lǐng)域的Mechatronics Mechatronics A Japanese enginee

41、r from Yasukawa Electric Company coined the term “mechatronics” in 1969 to reflect the merging of mechanical and electrical engineering disciplines. Until the early 1980s, mechantronics meanta mechanism that is electrified. In the mid-1980s, mechatronics came to mean engineering that is the boundary

42、 between mechanics and electronics. Today, the term encompasses a large array of technologies, many of which have become well-known in their own right. Each technology still has the basic element of the merging of mechanics and electronics but now many also involve much more, particularly software a

43、nd information technology. For example, many early robots resulting from mechanical and electrical systems became central to mechatronics.杜撰，生造學(xué)科目的狀語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生了邊緣學(xué)科包含Mechatronics Mechatronics gained legitimacy in academic circles in 1996 withthe publication of the first referred journal: IEEE/ASME Transacti

44、ons on mechatronics. In the premier issue, the authors worked to define echatronics. After acknowledging that many definitions have circulated, they selected the following for articles to be included in Transactions: “The synergistic integration of mechanical engineering with electronics and intelli

45、gent computer control in the design and manufacture of industrial products and processes.” The authors suggested 11 topics that should fall, at least in part, under the general category of mechatronics:電子電氣工程師協(xié)會(huì)Mechatronics合理，正式學(xué)術(shù)界隨著的出版美國(guó)機(jī)械工程師協(xié)會(huì)學(xué)報(bào)協(xié)作的、合作的綜合include Mechatronics gMechatronics(1)modelin

46、g and design(2)system integration(3)actuators and sensors(4)intelligent control(5)robotics(6)manufacturing(7)motion control(8)vibration and noise control(9)micro devices and optoelectronics systems(10)automotive systems(11)other applicationsMechatronics(1)modeling and de1.選擇題(1) Mechatronics is noth

47、ing new; it is simply the application of the ( ) techniques in precision mechanical engineering. A. newly B. complex C. latest D. advanced(2) This, of course, is something many forward-thinking designers and engineers ( ) for years. A. has been doing B. have been doing C. have done D. will be doing(

48、3)Mechatronics is the interdisciplinary fusion (not just a simple mixture!) of mechanics, ( ) and information technology. A. optics B. physics C. biology D. electronics(4) A Japanese engineer from Yasukawa Electric Company ( ) the term “mechatrocics” in 1969 to reflect the merging of mechanical and

49、electrical engineering disciplines. A. made B. used C. discovered D. coined(5) Today, the term encompasses a large array of technologies; many of ( ) have become well-known in their own right. A. what B. that C. which D. whereCBDDC1.選擇題CBDDC1.選擇題(6) For example, many early robots resulting ( ) mecha

50、nical and electrical systems, became central to mechatronics. A. in B. of C. from D. by(7) Mechatronics gained legitimacy in academic circles in 1996 ( ) the publication of the first referred journal: IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics. A. in B. as C. at D. with(8) After acknowledging that many

51、definitions have circulated, they selected the following for articles to ( ) in Transactions. A. include B. be included C. including D. have been included(9) In the mid-1980s, mechatronics came to mean engineering that is the boundary ( ) mechanics and electronics. A. among B. between C. mid D. midd

52、le(10) The authors suggest 11 topics that should fall, at least in part, ( ) the general category of mechantronics. A. under B. below C. in D. atCDBBA1.選擇題CDBBA2.將下列句子譯成中文(1) Mechatronics is the interdisciplinary fusion (not just a simple mixture!) of mechanics, electronics and information technolog

53、y. The objective is for engineer to complete development, which is why it is currently so popular with industry.(2) In the mid-1980s, mechatronics came to mean engineering that is the boundary between mechanics and electronics.(3) For example, many early robots resulting from mechanical and electric

54、al systems became central to mechatronics機(jī)電一體化是一門(mén)由機(jī)械學(xué)、電子學(xué)、信息技術(shù)多學(xué)科融合的科學(xué)（不是簡(jiǎn)單融合），目標(biāo)是使工程師完成產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)，這就是為什么機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)目前在工業(yè)上非常流行的原因在20世紀(jì)80年代中，機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)生了工程學(xué)，它是由機(jī)械學(xué)和電子學(xué)組成邊緣科學(xué)。例如，由機(jī)械系統(tǒng)和電子系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的許多早期機(jī)器人已經(jīng)成為機(jī)電一體化的核心。2.將下列句子譯成中文機(jī)電一體化是一門(mén)由機(jī)械學(xué)、電子學(xué)、信息3.將下列短語(yǔ)或句子譯成英語(yǔ)(1)機(jī)電一體化技術(shù) 電子學(xué) 機(jī)械學(xué) 智能控制 機(jī)器人學(xué) 信息技術(shù) 科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)(2)機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)是一門(mén)關(guān)于機(jī)械學(xué)、電子學(xué)和

55、信息技術(shù)的跨學(xué)科技術(shù)。(3)機(jī)器人是機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，它涉及機(jī)械學(xué)、電子學(xué)、智能控制技術(shù)等。(4)機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車工業(yè)、機(jī)械工業(yè)及國(guó)防工業(yè)。(5)今天，機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為研制機(jī)器人的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。mechatronicselectronicsmechanicsintelligent controlroboticsinformation technologyscientific termMechatronics is the interdisciplinary of mechanics, electronics and information technology.Robot

56、 is the evolutional outcome of mechatronics, which includes mechanics, electronics and Intelligent Control technology, etc.Mechatronics has been applying widely to auto industry, mechanical industry and national defense industry.Tody, mechatronics has become the key technology of developing robots.3.將下列短語(yǔ)或句子譯成英語(yǔ)mechatronic