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1、 English Academic Paper Writing & Publication30 hours Sept, 2008 Jan, 2009 By Liu Shaofang English Academic Pape English Academic Paper Writing & PublicationRequirements 1. be on time 2. no mobile in class 3. homework in timeArrangements 1. homework 30% 2. presentation 20% 3. papers 50%ContentsWriti
2、ng & PublishingLanguage differencesCultural differences English Academic Pape English Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 1Classification of Professional Paper Writing definition: A professional paper is a formal printed document in which professionals present their views and research findings
3、on any deliberately chosen topic. It is written in a specific format in which the paper is integrated as a whole from the placing of the title to the width of the margins, to the notation used in achnowledging the material drawn from other sources or the help given by others. English Academic Pape E
4、nglish Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 1Format title, author(s), affiliation abstract, keywords introduction textual development results & discussion conclusion acknowledgements, references, footnotes, appendixes English Academic Pape English Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 1Report
5、 paperResearch paperlibrary paper, a thesisCourse paperterm paperThesis paper thesis , dissertationTreatise English Academic Pape English Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 1Ways of preparing professional papersSearch for good ideasFinding topicsConsidering audience and purposeMoving from brai
6、nstorming to draftingEditing and refiningStyles of professional paper writingWays of using language: habitual/peculiarWays of expressions: formal vs informalWays of writing: professional vs non-prpofessional English Academic PapeEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 2 Title, author,af
7、filiation & keywords1. TitleGeneral functions (abstract of an abstract) Generalizing the text, attracting the reader, facilitating the retrievalLinguistic features using more nouns, noun phrases & gerunds; using an incomplete sentence; avoiding question titlesEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for
8、 Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 2 Title, author,affiliation & keywordsWriting requirements being brief and concise (20 words; subtitle); being specific; being unified (parallel parts); being standard(abbreviations,symbols,capitalization of the concrete words)English for Academic Paper WrEn
9、glish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 2 Title, author,affiliation & keywords2. Author/affiliationGeneral functions bearing authors responsibility; facilitating retrieval & correspondence; heightening celebrityLinguistic features spelling names (HU Jingtao, Hu Jingtao, LI Ju, Li Ju); giv
10、ing correct information about affiliation (no abbreviations; adequate postal address; zip code)English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 2 Title, author,affiliation & keywordsWriting requirements printing format: following specific requirements of the journal
11、number of authors: 4; xxx et al professional title: omission address: the same as letters multiple authors multiple affiliations internal unitsEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 2 Title, author,affiliation & keywords3. KeywordsGeneral functions easy ret
12、rieval of information; quick access to the gist of the paperLinguistic features nominalization; limited number of words (4 6, 2 8); designated choiceEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 2 Title, author,affiliation & keywordsWriting requirements using requ
13、ired terms (Keywords; Key words; Keywords index; keywords & phrases; Indexing terms); placing in the right location: below the abstract; capitalizing the letter K; spacing the keywords (:) ( , ; ) (no full stop at the end); adopting standard abbreviations English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Aca
14、demic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 2 Title, author, affiliation & keywordsAbstract: Equality of educational opportunity is the key of educational equality and the reflection of social equality, covering equality opportunities of enrollment educational process and educational result. At present in
15、 our country, inequality of educational opportunity broadly exists. The study of equality of educational opportunity from the sociological perspectives turns out to have important theoretical significance and practical value to propel positive development of education and realize humans comprehensiv
16、e development and social equality.English for Academic Paper Wr Definition of Abstract An abstract is an abbreviated, accurate representation of the contents of a document, preferably prepared by its author(s) for publication with it. by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) English for A
17、cademic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 AbstractGeneral functionsMiniaturizing the text a condensed statement of the contents of a paperDeciding “Yes” or “No” acceptance or not by a journal/conferenceExpanding the circulation academic influenceEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Pape
18、r Writing & PublicationUnit 3 Abstract2. Linguistic featuresLimited length 200 words; 50 100 words; 500 wordsCategories descriptive (indicative): general subject matter in a qualitative way informational (informative): findings and results in a quantitative way English for Academic Paper WrEnglish f
19、or Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 Abstract informational-descriptive: a combined form that bears specific information about the principal findings and results and general information about the rest of document.Complete content self-contained, unified, coherent, concise summary 3 elements
20、: a statement of the problem; a statement of the approach to solving the problem; the principal resultsEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 AbstractFormalized structure topic sentence (what): going straightforwardly to the subject or the problem and ind
21、icating the primary objective supporting sentences(main body): specifying further the subject by research methods,experiments, procedures, investigations, calculations, analysis, results concluding sentence(s): analyzing the results, explaining the application, pointing out the significance of the r
22、esearchEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 Abstract3. Writing requirementsIntegrity 1 paragraph about what has been done, especially the authors own contributionConciseness essential information, economy of words,no number, equations & mathematical exp
23、ressions and othersConsistency exclusion of non-mentioned informationConcentration exclusion of certain elements (figures, tables, literature reference, etc.)English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 Abstract4. “5 Steps” for abstract writingUnderlining key w
24、ords and sentencesListing essential points of the paperBoiling down each section to a sentence or twoDrafting the abstractChecking the final draftEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 Abstract5. “5Q-A strategy”Q1: What is the general knowledge of your to
25、pic in the academic field?Q2: What research topic is the paper to focus on?Q3: What method or material do you use to support your main point of view?Q4: What conclusion will you draw?Q5: What is the main contribution of the paper?English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & Publ
26、icationUnit 3 AbstractA1: 1 sentenceA2: 1 topic sentence, 1/2 supporting sentences A3: 2/3 sentencesA4: 1 sentenceA5: 1 sentenceEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 Abstract6. Likely mistakes/Common errorsMixed writing styleOver-simplified statementsMon
27、otonous expressionIncomplete contentsDisplacement of informationEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 AbstractSentence patterns for the topicThe purpose/goal/intention/objective/object/ emphasis/aim of this paper is The primary/chief/overall/main object
28、of this study is to surveyThe chief aim of this paper/research/study/ experiment/the present work isThe emphasis of this study lies inEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 AbstractThe work presented in this paper focuses on The experiment made by the res
29、earch group is aimed at obtaining the resultsExperiments on were made to measure The problem we have outlined deals largely with the study ofOur goal has been to provideThe main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge ofThe object of this fundamental research will be to reve
30、al English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 AbstractWith his recent research, the author intends to outline the framework of The author attempted the set of experiments with a view to demonstrating certain phenomenaThe authors are now initiating experimenta
31、l investigation to establishWith his research, the authors endeavor is to explainIn this paper we aim atEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 AbstractSentence patterns for supporting ideasThe method used in our study is known asThe approach adopted exten
32、sively is called The technique we applied is referred to as The procedure they followed can be briefly described as The test equipment consisted ofThe winch is composed of the following main parts:English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 AbstractDetailed in
33、formation has been acquired by the author The research has recorded valuable data This is a working theory which is based onThe fundamental feature of this theory is as follows.The theory is characterized byThe experiment consisted of three steps, which are described inRecent experiments in this are
34、a suggested thatA number of experiments were performed to checkEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 AbstractThis formula is verified byIncluded in the experiment wereWe have carried out several sets of experiments to test the validity of They undertook
35、the experiment to support the hypothesis English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 AbstractSentence patterns for conclusionIn conclusion, we state thatIt is concluded thatAs a result of our experiments, we concluded thatThese findings of the research have le
36、d the author to the conclusion thatThe author has satisfactorily come to the conclusion thatIn summing up it may be stated thatFinally, a summary is given ofEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 AbstractThe results of the experiment indicate thatThe stud
37、ies we have performed showed thatThe research we have done suggests thatWe carried out several studies which have demonstrated thatThe investigation carried out by has revealed that English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 AbstractLaboratory studies of did
38、not furnish any information aboutAll our preliminary results throw light on the nature of This fruitful work gives explanation of The authors pioneer work has contributed to our present understanding of The research work has brought about a discovery of English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Acade
39、mic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 3 AbstractFrom the experiment, the authors came to realize thatThe data obtained appear to be similar to those reported earlier byOur work involving studies of prove to be encouraging.English for Academic Paper Wr English for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUn
40、it 4 IntroductionGeneral functions Introducing the subject (what) sufficient background information preliminary but overall impression for the readerLimiting the research scope (what) narrowing down the scope of work delimiting the boundary of studyStating the general purpose (why/where)Showing the
41、writing arrangement English for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 4 Introduction2. Structure features Starting with the research background (what has been done) reviewing the pertinent literatureTransiting to the existing problem (what has not been done) problems/weak points not found methods
42、 not adopted materials not discovered factors ignored English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 4 IntroductionFocusing on the present research (what to do) primary research objectives novel ideas advanced methods new materials new factorsEnglish for Academic P
43、aper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 4 IntroductionSentence patterns for background introductionIt is well known thatIt is reported that There have been studies highlightingOver the past 3 decades,The previous work on has indicated thatRecent experiments by have suggested Seve
44、ral researchers have theoretically investigated In most studies of , has been emphasized with attention being given toIndustrial application of is becoming increasingly common.English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 4 IntroductionSentence patterns to transit
45、 to the existing problemGreat progress has been made in this field, but/however, neverthelessA part of the explanation could lie in However, The study of gives rise to two main difficulties; one is ; the other isAlso, the consideration of alone cannot explain the observed fact that Despite the recen
46、t progress reviewed in , there is no generally accepted theory concerningFrom the above discussion, it appears that at present neither nor English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 4 IntroductionAn experiment of the kind has not been made.Until now no field ex
47、periments of have been reported.The method we used differs greatly from the one reported last year.No clear advancement has so far been seen in The data available in literature failed to prove that English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 4 IntroductionSenten
48、ce patterns for present work introductionIn this paper, is investigated/studied/discussed/presentedThis paper reports onThe purpose of this paper/ study/ thesis isThe primary goal of this research is The present study will therefore focus onThe present work deals mainly with In this paper, we aim at
49、 On the basis of existing literature data, we carried out studies in an effort to English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 4 IntroductionSentence patterns for research scopeThe problem under discussion within the scope of The problem I have referred to falls
50、within the field of The problem we have just outlined seems to be inside of the province ofStudies with these effects covered various aspects of Our studies with this technique are confined to only one particular aspect This subject is concerned chiefly with the study of The approach under study is
51、only applied to English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 4 IntroductionThe theory cannot apply to other cases of The emphasis of this paper is to surveyThe author has limited his studies to the related aspects of Sentence patterns for writing arrangementThis
52、paper is divided into 5 sections as followsSection one of the paper opens withSection 3 develops the second hypotheses onSection 4 shows/introduces/reveals/treats/ develops/deal withEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 4 IntroductionThe 5th section provid
53、es an exposition that places the primary emphasis onThe result of . Is given in the last section.In this paper, data and results are presented under the major heading of English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 5 Textual DevelopmentI. Kinds of academic paper
54、theoretical experimentalII. Papers of theoretical natureDescriptionsObjective focus on the object rather than on his personal reactions to it; build up as accurate a picture as he can for his readersSubjective/impressionistic show the authors impressions of or responses to what they see; not only co
55、nvey the actual record but also the authors attitudesEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 5 Textual Development1. requirements for research descriptionPresenting a picture of the object group, set, class, kind, variety, subdivision, subgroup subset be num
56、bered among, be included in, be grouped with exclude, include, comprise, contain, take in excluding, excepting, except, also, in addition, likewise, similarly English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 5 Textual DevelopmentIllustrating the object in artificial
57、language for example, for instance, such as in the same way, by the same token comparable, similar similarly, correspondingly be analogous, can/could be compared to, to make a comparison between X and Y, to draw an analogy between X and YEnglish for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writin
58、g & PublicationUnit 5 Textual DevelopmentMaking necessary comparison similarity: similar, the same, identical similarity, resemblance, correspondence resembling, connected with correspondingly, likewise, in the same way, not unlike appear /seem like, correspond to, compare to, resemble difference: d
59、issimilar, different from, opposed difference, distinction conversely, unlike, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand differ from, distinguish, make a distinction between, bear no resemblance to English for Academic Paper WrEnglish for Academic Paper Writing & PublicationUnit 5 Textual Deve
60、lopmentSizing the object speciallyLocating the object correctly above, below, underneath, beside, alongside inside, outside, within, near, over at the front, at the back, upside down, to the right, to the left, on the right hand side, on the left hand side, in the middle, on top of, at the foot/base
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