版中考英語語法復(fù)合句

1、人教版中考英語專項練習(xí)復(fù)合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。主句為句子的主體，從句可是做句子的一個成分。依照從句在句子中的作用，能夠把從句分為名詞性從句（主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句），定語從句和狀語從句（時間，地點，原因，條件，退步，方式，比較等）三類。一.賓語從句1.賓語從句依照引導(dǎo)詞的不相同分為三各種類由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其中that不做成分，可省略。Weallknew(that)weshouldlearnfromeachother.由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmeri

2、ca.由who,where,how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice?2.賓語從句“三關(guān)”引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)注意：whether與if的差異只用whether的情況在介詞后邊Wedontthinkaboutwhetheritwouldrainthenextday.在動詞不定式前Theyaskedmewhethertositatthefront.當與ornot連用，或提出兩種選擇時MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornotatthattime賓語從句提前時Whetherthisi

3、strueornot,Icantsay在動詞discuss后的賓語從句中Wediscussedwhetherweshouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.引導(dǎo)表語從句或位于句首的主語從句用whetherThequestionwaswhetherhewenttherelastnight只用if的情況引導(dǎo)否定看法的賓語從句時HeaskedmeifIhadtfinishedmyhomework引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時，if意為“若是”Wellgohikingifitdoesntraintomorrow語序關(guān)賓語從句若為陳述句，語序不變賓語從句若為一般疑問句或特別疑問句，語序還原為陳

4、述語序時態(tài)關(guān)若是主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)據(jù)實質(zhì)情況而定若是主句是過去某種時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)必然變成過去某時態(tài)注意：賓語從句表述的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象時，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時3.人稱變化：4.從句簡化當主句謂語動詞是find,see,watch,hear等時，從句常簡化為“賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補為省to不定式或v+ing形式Shefoundthatthewalletlay/lyingontheground.Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.當主句謂語動詞是hope,wish,decide,forget等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)Shea

5、greedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句簡化為“連接代詞/副詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?否定轉(zhuǎn)移若是主句的謂語動詞是believe,think,guess,suppose等，且主句主語是一人稱時，后邊所接賓語從句的否定詞平時前移到主句中。Idontthinkthatshecanfinishthisworko

6、ntime.注意：這種否定前移的賓語從句，在變成反意疑問句時，反意疑問句的主謂要與從句一致Idontthinkheisinterestedinthat,ishe?若是主句主語是二三人稱時，賓語從句否定詞不前移，反意疑問句反問主句Shethoughtthatfilmwasnotinteresting,didntshe?二狀語從句1.時間狀語從句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等來引導(dǎo)。在時間狀語從句中，平時用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的作或狀。在有till或until引的狀從句的主從復(fù)合句中，若是主句用必然式，其含是“向到達”，只

7、能用延性。若是主句用否定式，其含是“直到才”,“在以前不”，可用瞬。Since引的狀從句，主句用一般在或在完成，從句用去。While引的狀從句的必是延，不能夠是短性。as,when,while都表示主從句的作或狀同生。同行，并表示比；生短，且由“一思。When可表示從句的作在主句的作as兩作一”的意“以前”或“之后”生。While用于。Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.2.條件狀從句平時用if,unless引。在條件狀從句中，平時用在表示將來的作或狀。Imwaitingformyfriend.Ifshedoesntcome,Illgosho

8、ppingalone.3.原因狀從句平時用because,since,as（由于）引。because表示直接原因，氣最。because引的原因狀從句多放在主句此后?；卮鹩蓋hy提出的，只能用because。as和since氣弱，一般用來表示明的原因。由as和since引的從句多放在句首。because和so不能夠同出。Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourmatch.4.果狀從句由sothat,suchthat,sothat引。sothat與suchthat能夠互。若是名前由many,much,little,few等修,只能用so.sothat句型的否定形式可

9、用句tooto或notenoughto代替such+形容+不能數(shù)名/復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名+thatsnch+a(an)+形容+數(shù)可數(shù)名+that=so+形容+a(an)+數(shù)可數(shù)名+thatLastnightJudyworkedsolatethatshedidntcatchtheearlybusthismorning.5.比狀從句平時由asas,than等引Thoughtheplayerisoverthirty,hecanstillrunasfastassomeyoungplayers6.目的狀從句平時用sothat,inorderthat引。sothat即可引目的狀從句，又可引果狀從句。區(qū)是：目的狀從句

10、中經(jīng)常有情can,could,may,might等，從意上看，目的狀從句表示的目的很明確。Passthecakeroundsothateveryonecantakeapiece.7.步狀從句平時由though,although,as等引。although,though與but不相同出。Thoughheisold,heisverystrong.8.地點狀從句平時由where,wherever引導(dǎo)WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.9.方式狀語從句平時由as,asif,asthough等引導(dǎo)Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby希.望

11、別人怎樣待你，你就怎樣待人三定語從句指在主從復(fù)合句中充當定語的句子，在句中修飾名詞、代詞，常由關(guān)系代詞which,that,who(m),whose及關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等引導(dǎo)。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句放先行詞后做后置定語1.當先行詞表示人時，定語從句用關(guān)系代詞that,who,whom引導(dǎo)。當先行詞表物時，定語從句用關(guān)系詞that或which。當關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可省略。that可指人，也可指物，在從句中可作主語，賓語。作賓語可省which指物，在從句中作主語，賓語，作賓語時可省，能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可與that互換。who,whom,whose指

12、人，who在從句中做主語，whom在從句中作賓語，whose在從句中作定語Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.Thepackagewhich/thatyouarecarryingistooheavy.Pleasepassmethebookwhose/ofwhichcoverisgreen.2.當引導(dǎo)詞在句中作狀語時不能用that,which,who(m)等關(guān)系代詞，而應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞。表示時間用when,表示地點用where,表示原因用why。但這些關(guān)系副詞可變換為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”形式。Beijingistheplacewhere/inwhichIwasborn.其

13、他注意事項表示物時只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況當先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,muchnone,theone等不定代詞時先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等詞修飾時（當先行詞是人時，也可用關(guān)系代詞who或whom）當先行詞被形容詞最高等或序數(shù)詞修飾時當先行詞同時含有物和人時主句中已有疑問詞who或which時Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwas

14、praisedatthemeeting?表示物時只用which不用that的情況當關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時在非限制性定語從句（即平時用逗號與主語分開，若去掉整個句子還可以表達完滿心義的定語從句）中指人時，當先行詞為everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等時要用who,不用that一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個用whoTheboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.其中一個關(guān)系代已用which，另一個用thatEdisonbuiltupafactorywhic

15、hproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore注意：關(guān)系代在定從句中作主，從句的數(shù)要和先行一致oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名+關(guān)系代+復(fù)數(shù)the(only)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名+關(guān)系代+數(shù)TitanicisoneofthebestmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.Titanicisthe(only)oneofthebestmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood四主從句在句中作主的名性從句叫主從句。主從句的平時用三人稱數(shù)。主從句可直接位于句首。但如主從句，可用it充當形式主代替主從句，把主從句后置。

16、住以下主從句常用構(gòu)：Itissaidthat據(jù)Itisreportedthat據(jù)道Itisannouncedthat.據(jù)宣布Itis(well)knownthat眾所周知Itisbelievedthat人相信Itissupposedthat人希望Itishopedthat希望Itissuggestedthat有人建Itmustberememberedthat必住注意：有些情況下的復(fù)數(shù)和表保持一致Whatweneedaredoctorsandnurses.Whatweneedistime.五同位語從句同位語從句是對名詞的內(nèi)容恩賜詳細詳細的說明。常在后邊接同位語從句的名詞有fact,news,id

17、ea,truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等。同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞為that,有時依照需要也能夠用when,where等Hisopinionthatwemusttakegoodcareofourearthsoundsreasonable.Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.注意:同位語從句的that在句中不作句子成分，也無詞義，但不能夠省。而定語從句中的that除了引導(dǎo)從句外，還是從句的一個成分，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省。六表語從句在句中作連系動詞的表語的從句，位于主句中系動詞后T

18、hatiswhyhedidntcometoschoolyesterday.練習(xí)1.Wellplaysnowmanitsnowsheavilythisafternoon.A.ifB.althoughC.unlessD.but2.Ididntknow_theycouldpasstheexamornot.A.whyB.whenC.thatD.whether3.IdontthinkBendidsuchastupidthing_?A.doIB.didIC.didheD.doeshe4.Newtonwasplayingunderanappletree_anapplefellontohisheadA.whe

19、nB.whileC.afterD.before5.ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isntit?Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschools_thosechildrencanstudyhappilyA.whereB.whenC.whichD.why6.DuringtheholidayIvisitedShaolinTemple_liesinthewestofZhengzhou.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what7.JimsmotherlethimwatchTVafterhefinishedhishomework.（同義句）J

20、imsmother_lethimwatchTV_hefinishedhishomework.8.TheTVplayissointerestingthatweliketoseeitagain（改為同義句）Itis_interetingTVplay_weliketoseeitagain.9.WhenpeopleintheUnitedStateshaveguests(1)_whentheyareinvitedtoaget-together,theyusuallytrytomakeothersfeelcomfortable(2)_relaxed.Generally,theytendtobeinform

21、al.Menshakehands,(3)_usuallyonly(4)_theyareintroduced.Malefriendsandbusinessassociates(5)_haventseeneachotherforatimemayshakehands.Whenawoman(6)_amanareintroduced,shakinghandsisdecidedbythewoman.Americanwomenbecomemore(7)_moreindependent.Theygotoplacesbythemselves,earntheirownmoney,(8)_oftenlivealon

22、e,Sometimestheywillaskmenforhelp,(9)_theyusuallydontwanttobepeotected.Americanwomenmaystartconversationswithmen(10)_evenaskthemtodance.10.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelpA.thatB.towhomC.fromwhomD.who11.Pleasepassmethedictionary_isblackA.itscoverB.whichcoverC.ofwhichthecove

23、rD.coverofwhich12.Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass,_arefromtheneardyvillagesA.one-thirdofwhoB.one-thirdofwhichC.one-thirdofthemD.one-thirdofwhom13.Thisisthestudent_youtookthemessageyesterday.A.whosefatherB.towhosefatherC.tohisfatherD.hisfather14.Thereisntmuch_IcandoA.whatB.whichC.thatD.how15.Tel

24、lusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces_aredifferentfromoursA.thatB.whoC.whichD.whom16.LastSundaytheyreachedQingdao,_aconferencewastobeheldA.whichB.thatC.whenD.where17.Isthisthemuseum_youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone18.Thisistheveryfilm_IvelongwishedtoseeA.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom19.Thereisn

25、odifficulty_cantbeovercomeintheworldA.thatB.whichC.whoD.what20.Whoistheperson_isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom21.Thehouse_thecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanurseryA.thatB.whereC.whatD.when22.Thehouse_weliveisnotbigA.inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.that23.單句改錯Thisisthefactorywhe

26、rewevisitedlastweekThisisthewatchforwhichTomislookingThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwoThehouseinthatweliveisverysmallThesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow24.TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname_itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind25.Johnshuteverybodyoutofth

27、ekitchen_hecouldpreparehisgrandsurpriseforthepartyA.whichB.whenC.sothatD.asif26.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation_itgotworse,A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as27.-Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?-Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgradeA.afterB.unlessC.untilD.

28、when28.Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurant_youlikeA.wheneverB.whereeverC.whateverD.however29.Scientistssayirmaybefiveorsixyears_itispossibletothismedicineonhunmanpatientsA.siceB.afterC.beforeD.when30.Thishouseis_myfatherpaintedbyhimself.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD./test31._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehaveA.Wh

29、at,/B.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what32.-WhatdidJackaskyoujustnow?-Hewantedtoknowhowlong_whenIreachedthecinemaA.hadthefilmbeenonB.thefilmhadstartedC.thefilmhadlastedD.hadthefilmended33.Idonthavetointroducehimtoyou_youknowtheboyA.untilB.unlessC.sinceD.but34._hamburgersarejunkfood,manychildrenlikethem

30、A.IfB.UnlessC.BecauseD.Although35.Weshoulddo_wecan_thoseendangeredanimalsA.that,tosaveB.which,saveC.that,saveD.what,tosvae36._yougo,_youdo,IwillberightherewaitingforyouA.If,ifB.Wherever,whateverC.where,what37.Ifyoudontgotothemallthisweekend,_A.hewill,tooC.neitherhewillB.hewont,eitherD.hedoesnt,eithe

31、r38.Iarrivedattheairport_theplanehadtakenoff.A.afterB.whileC.whenD.before40.Ourhometownisquitedifferentfrom_beforeA.thatitwasB.whatitwasC.whichitwasD.whenitwas41._shesucceededinfinishinghertasksremainsasecretA.WhatB.IfC.HowD.Who42.Isthisthereason_atthemeetingforcarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.w

32、hatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained43.Wearelivinginanage_manythingsaredoneoncomputerA.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when44._thedayswenton,theweathergotworseA.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As45.-Whatwasthepartylike?-Itsyears_IenjoyedmyselfsomuchA.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since46._youhavetriediton,youcantimagineho

33、wprettythenewstyleskirtis.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.When47.IwontgotoherpartyunlessmybestfriendTom_A.willinviteB.willbeinvitedC.isinvitedD.invites48.Franklintoldthemall_tobeinBritainagainA.hewashowhappyB.howhappyhewasC.howwashehappyD.hewashappyhow49.Janeisoneofthestudentsintheclass_haveeverbeentoC

34、hina50.Istillrememberthetime_wespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyearA.whenB.whatC.whoD.which51.Mr.Smith_issmokingislookingfor_helostyesterdayA.whom;whichB.who;whatC.that;whoD.which;where52.Nobodyknows_A.howwillourfuturelooklikeB.whatwillourfuturebelikeC.howourfuturewilllooklikeD.whatourfuturewillbeli

35、ke53.Iwaschattingwithmyfriendsonthephone_mymothercamein54.Inordertochoosetherightone,shefirstaskedme_IwanttouseadictionaryforA.whatB.whyC.howD.whether55.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey_therightchargebe-foreleavingtheshopA.willgiveB.havebeengivenC.havegivenD.willbegiven56._Tomdidintgotoschool?A.DoyouknowhowC.HowyouknowwhyB.WhydoyouknowD.Doyouknowwhy57.Marysmothera