-高中英語(yǔ)基本句型課件-五大句型-

英語(yǔ)中的五種基本句型英語(yǔ)中的五種基本句型1

英語(yǔ)句子有長(zhǎng)在短，有簡(jiǎn)有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：

基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）

2基本句型一Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）

此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等?；揪湫鸵?ＳＶ（不及物動(dòng)詞）1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayisplayinghavegoneＳＶ（不及物動(dòng)詞）1.Timeflies.4基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）

此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等屬一類，表示情況；get,grow,become,turn,go等屬另一類，表示變化。be本身沒(méi)有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義另:stay,prove,remain,stand基本句型二5ＳＶ（是系動(dòng)詞）Ｐ(表語(yǔ))1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisface

issmells(聞)felllooksisisbecameturnedanEeresting.warmer.red.ＳＶ（是系動(dòng)詞）Ｐ(表語(yǔ))1.ThisisanEng6

基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞?；揪湫腿?ＳＶ（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）Ｏ(賓語(yǔ))1.Who

2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea."Goodmorning."ＳＶ（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）Ｏ(賓語(yǔ))1.Whoknows8

基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）

此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來(lái)連接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略?；揪湫退?ＳＶ（及物）ｏ（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.He

passedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowed

himherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.

ＳＶ（及物）ｏ（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）1.Shepassed10

基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。基本句型五11ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（賓語(yǔ)）Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsaw

thetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethem

clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.

ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（賓語(yǔ)）Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)）1.Wekeepthe12典型例題分析（二）典型例題分析（二）131.Theyworkhard.

主+謂2.Theflowerisdead.

主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.

主+謂+賓4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.

主+謂+直賓+簡(jiǎn)賓5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.

主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.

主+謂1.Theyworkhard.14

除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）為例：Wefoundthehallfull.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers

listeningtoanimportantreport.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。-高中英語(yǔ)基本句型課件-五大句型-15

不同的動(dòng)詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞的類型。以get為例：He'sgettingangry.(SVP)Hegotthroughthewindow.(SVO)You'llgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)Hegothimselfintotrouble.(SVOC)Hegotherasplendidpresent.(SV0O)

在句子中詞類和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.

我很容易地找到了這本書(shū)。SVOM）Ifoundthebookeasy.

我覺(jué)得這本書(shū)很容易。（SVOC）Ihavetodosomething.我得做點(diǎn)事。Ihavesomethingtodo.我有點(diǎn)事做。

16

ALebanesewhohadleftthecountryforSyriaduringtheconflictbetweenIsraelandHizbollah,returnswithherfamilyfollowingtheceasefire,attheLebanon-SyriaborderinMagdelAnjarAugust14,2006.

S+V

17Ministry:ThaibirdfludidnotoriginateinChina

AccordingtothecurrentinformationheldbytheChineseauthorities,averdictarrivedatbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)andthebirdfluresearchandtestcentreofThailandwasarbitraryandbasedonthefactthatthevirusfoundinThailandandLaoswassimilartorecentfindsinsouthernChina,theministry'sstatementsaid.

s+v+p

ApolicemanremovesacheckpointnoticefromtheroadtothevillagewherebirdflupatientwerefoundinZhongweiCounty,northwestNingxiaAutonomousRegion,August12,2006.[Xinhua]Ministry:Thaibirdflud18MembersofHongKongsinginggroup,GillianChung(L)andCharleneChoiholdabannerwhichreads“Dignity”duringanewsconferenceentitled“Privacyanddignity:HongKongpeople‘sbusiness”inHongKongAugust28,2006.Semi-nude(半裸)photosofChungtakenwithahiddencamerahavesparkedanuproar(騷動(dòng))amongfansandwomen'srightgroups.S+V+OMembersofHongKongsingingg19

FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.（NMET2003.C篇）

這個(gè)定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包括一位法國(guó)女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。

簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞及兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Firstputforwardbythe20英語(yǔ)句式考查英語(yǔ)句式考查211.Whom

would

you

rather____

the

car?—My

father.A.have

fix

B.have

to

fix

C.had

fix

D.have

to

be

fixed2.Was

it

8

o’clock___you

heard

someone____at

the

door?A.when;knocking

B.when;knock

C.that;knocking

D.that;knock3.Was

it

in

the

room___

Mr.

John

lived____the

exhibition

was

held?A.that;that

B.where;where

C.that;where

D.where;that4.—Is

________

you

want

to

say?—Yes,________

that’s

all

I

know.A.all

what;yet

B.which

all;unless

C.that

all;×

D.all

that;so1.Whom

would

you

rather____

th225.Was

it

not

until

1920___

regular

radio

broadcasts

began?A.while

B.which

C.that

D.since6.___the

house

Mr

Zhang

has

been

broken

into?A.When

was

it

that

B.When

hasC.Has

D.Had7.Did____

she

was

chosen

make

her

very

happy?A.what

B.that

C.which

D.it8.Was

it

at

the

air

battle

on

June

8,1994,_____

was

led

by

captain

Johnson,________

Peter

lost

his

life?A.when;that

B.that;whoC.which;that

D.which;when5.Was

it

not

until

1920___

reg239.---Wouldyoutellme___youwantyourtea,withsugarormilk?---Sugar,please.A.whetherB.whenC.whatD.how10.Atlastthesoldiersreached____thelocalscalledtheGoldenTriangle.A.whatB.whichC.asD.one11.“We’llmakepublicschools____canbe.”saidthepresidentinthespeech.A.whattheyB.whatitC.thattheyD.allit12.Theartcenteris___usedtobeafactory,____millionsoftractorsweremade.A.what,whereB.where,whereC.what,whichD.where,which9.---Wouldyoutellme___you2413.Thethoughtofgoinghometohisfamilywasall

__kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.A.that B.what C.those D.which14.Iamashamed,sir,thatIwastedthemanyhours_____Ishouldhavestudiedinclass.A.whileB.asC.onceD.when15.Teachersshouldcreateanenvironment_____

childrenaretaughthowtosolveproblemsoflearningbythemselves.A.why B.where C.whichD.whose13.Thethoughtofgoinghomet25英語(yǔ)中的五種基本句型英語(yǔ)中的五種基本句型26

英語(yǔ)句子有長(zhǎng)在短，有簡(jiǎn)有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：

基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）

27基本句型一Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）

此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。基本句型一28ＳＶ（不及物動(dòng)詞）1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayisplayinghavegoneＳＶ（不及物動(dòng)詞）1.Timeflies.29基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）

此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等屬一類，表示情況；get,grow,become,turn,go等屬另一類，表示變化。be本身沒(méi)有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義另:stay,prove,remain,stand基本句型二30ＳＶ（是系動(dòng)詞）Ｐ(表語(yǔ))1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisface

issmells(聞)felllooksisisbecameturnedanEeresting.warmer.red.ＳＶ（是系動(dòng)詞）Ｐ(表語(yǔ))1.ThisisanEng31

基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞?；揪湫腿?2ＳＶ（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）Ｏ(賓語(yǔ))1.Who

2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea."Goodmorning."ＳＶ（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）Ｏ(賓語(yǔ))1.Whoknows33

基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）

此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來(lái)連接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。基本句型四34ＳＶ（及物）ｏ（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.He

passedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowed

himherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.

ＳＶ（及物）ｏ（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）1.Shepassed35

基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整?；揪湫臀?6ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（賓語(yǔ)）Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsaw

thetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethem

clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.

ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（賓語(yǔ)）Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)）1.Wekeepthe37典型例題分析（二）典型例題分析（二）381.Theyworkhard.

主+謂2.Theflowerisdead.

主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.

主+謂+賓4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.

主+謂+直賓+簡(jiǎn)賓5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.

主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.

主+謂1.Theyworkhard.39

除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）為例：Wefoundthehallfull.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers

listeningtoanimportantreport.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。-高中英語(yǔ)基本句型課件-五大句型-40

不同的動(dòng)詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞的類型。以get為例：He'sgettingangry.(SVP)Hegotthroughthewindow.(SVO)You'llgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)Hegothimselfintotrouble.(SVOC)Hegotherasplendidpresent.(SV0O)

在句子中詞類和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.

我很容易地找到了這本書(shū)。SVOM）Ifoundthebookeasy.

我覺(jué)得這本書(shū)很容易。（SVOC）Ihavetodosomething.我得做點(diǎn)事。Ihavesomethingtodo.我有點(diǎn)事做。

41

ALebanesewhohadleftthecountryforSyriaduringtheconflictbetweenIsraelandHizbollah,returnswithherfamilyfollowingtheceasefire,attheLebanon-SyriaborderinMagdelAnjarAugust14,2006.

S+V

42Ministry:ThaibirdfludidnotoriginateinChina

AccordingtothecurrentinformationheldbytheChineseauthorities,averdictarrivedatbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)andthebirdfluresearchandtestcentreofThailandwasarbitraryandbasedonthefactthatthevirusfoundinThailandandLaoswassimilartorecentfindsinsouthernChina,theministry'sstatementsaid.

s+v+p

ApolicemanremovesacheckpointnoticefromtheroadtothevillagewherebirdflupatientwerefoundinZhongweiCounty,northwestNingxiaAutonomousRegion,August12,2006.[Xinhua]Ministry:Thaibirdflud43MembersofHongKongsinginggroup,GillianChung(L)andCharleneChoiholdabannerwhichreads“Dignity”duringanewsconferenceentitled“Privacyanddignity:HongKongpeople‘sbusiness”inHongKongAugust28,2006.Semi-nude(半裸)photosofChungtakenwithahiddencamerahavesparkedanuproar(騷動(dòng))amongfansandwomen'srightgroups.S+V+OMembersofHongKongsingingg44

FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.（NMET2003.C篇）

這個(gè)定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包括一位法國(guó)女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。

簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞及兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Firstputforwardbythe45英語(yǔ)句式考查英語(yǔ)句式考查461.Whom

would

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father.A.have

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Mr.

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know.A.all

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you