高中英語Unit4 教學(xué)知識(shí)細(xì)解碼學(xué)案含解析牛津譯林版必修第三冊(cè)

4444Unit4Scientistschangedworld根據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1．survivev．生存；幸存→survivaln．生存，存活；殘存物，幸存事物→n．幸存者2．intend.&.想要，計(jì)劃意指→intentionn．打算，計(jì)劃3．refer．查閱，參考；提到談及→reference．提到，談及；參考，查閱；參考書目4．limit．限度；極限；范圍→limited.限的5．contain．容納→container．容器；集裝箱，貨柜6．wiseadj明智的→.智地wisdomn．智慧，才智，明智；知識(shí)學(xué)問7．benefit．優(yōu)勢(shì)；益處→beneficialadj.有益的，有用的．wisdomn．慧，才智，明智；知識(shí)，學(xué)問①Thegovernmentinitshasdecidedtosupportthe智慧②ManyTibetanshaveexpressedabouttheofthedecision.明③Theisthattheycannotwin.識(shí)．referto查閱參考；提到，談及；指的是①Hermotherneverreferredtohimagain.提到，談及②Thisparagraphreferstotheeventsoflastyear.涉，指的是③Youmayreferyournotesifyouwant.查，參考andPhrases知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1survivaln．存，存活；殘存物，幸存事物(教材P)Thankstodiscoveryof，malariapatientsallovertheworldnowhavehadagreatlyincreasedchanceofsurvival.由于她發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素，世界各地的瘧疾患者現(xiàn)在有了極大的生存機(jī)會(huì)。[例1]IfyoudevelopAIDS，yourchanceofsurvivalisvery如果你得了艾滋病，生存的概率很小。[例2]TheceremonyisafrompreChristiantimes.這種儀式是從公元前遺留下來的。[造句]如癌癥早被發(fā)現(xiàn)，存活的概率就高。

4444Ifcancersarespotted/discoveredearly，there'sahighchanceofsurvival.[知識(shí)拓展(1)survive.&vi.surviveon...survivesb.by...(2)survivor.

生還；殘存；比……活的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)僅靠……維持生計(jì)比某人多活……生存者；殘存者；幸存者[即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Sheherhusbandbytwentyyears.②Lifebecamestruggleforsurvival(survive).③Luckily，mostofthepassengerssurvived(survive)theterribleaccident.④Millionsofpeoplesurviveonlimiteddiet.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2intendvivt想要，計(jì)劃；意指(教材P)Inthe1960speopleweredyingmalaria，andin1969Tubecameheadofateamthatintendedaforthedisease.20世60年代許多人死于瘧疾1969年呦呦擔(dān)任了一個(gè)課題組的組長(zhǎng)，這個(gè)課題組計(jì)劃找到該疾病的治療方法。[例1]Iintendthatyou(should)beinvitedbythem.我打算讓他們邀請(qǐng)你。[例2]Whatdointenddoingwhenyoutothisplace?你打算到這里干什么？[造句]他算明年去國(guó)外留學(xué)。Heintendstostudy/studyingabroadnextyear.[知識(shí)拓展(1)intendtodo/endsb.todosth.(2)intended.beintendedbeintendedtodo...(3)intention.withtheintentionof

打算做某事打算讓某人做某事打算的；計(jì)劃的為……打算或計(jì)的打算做……意圖，目的；企圖有……的打算/目的havenointentionofdoingsth.＝havenointentiontodosth.無做某事withoutintention[即學(xué)即練單句語法填空

無意地，不是故意地

①HewenttoPariswiththeintention(intend)ofFrench.②Heintendshissontomanage(manage)the③Ihadintended(intend)todo，butI'msorryIforgot.④Thisisanewbookintended(intend)forlittlechildren.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3referto查，參考；提到，談及(教材P)Whentheyproduceanypromisingresults，TutotheancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicineagain.當(dāng)它們未能產(chǎn)生預(yù)期效果時(shí)，屠呦呦再次查閱歷代中醫(yī)典籍。[例1]InhisspeechreferredtoarecenttriptoCanada.在他的講話中，他提到了最近的加拿大之行。[例2]Marciareferredtohimasadearfriend.瑪西婭把他稱為好朋友。[造句]我應(yīng)過再也不提這事了。Ipromisednottorefertothematteragain.[知識(shí)拓展(1)refer.refer...to...referto...as...(2)reference.make(a)referencetoin/withreferencetoreferencebook

參考；提到；查閱；涉及把……提交給……把……看作……參考，查閱；提到，談及；介紹信，介紹人談及，提及；參考關(guān)于參考書；工具書[即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Hemadenoreference(refer)tohisillnessbutonlytofutureplans.②Heisreferred(refer)toasalivingLeiFeng.③Thereferredtoatthemeetingishardtoanswer.④Ihavenothingsayin/withreferencecase.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4(教材P)，ithardtoenoughqinghaoextractfortrialsbecauseresearchresourceswerelimited．然而，由于研究資源有限，難以生產(chǎn)出足夠的青蒿提取物進(jìn)行大型試驗(yàn)。(1)trialn．用，試驗(yàn)；審訊，審判；考驗(yàn)vi.&vt.試，試驗(yàn)[例1]Sheagreedtoemploymeforatrialperiod.

她同意試用我一段時(shí)間。[例2]Wehadthemachineontrialforaweek.這臺(tái)機(jī)器我們已經(jīng)試用了一個(gè)星期。[造句]

我把車開出去在公路上試了一下。Itookthecaroutforatrialontheroads.[知識(shí)拓展beontrialstand/goontrialontrialtrialanderror

正在受審受到審判在試驗(yàn)測(cè)中反復(fù)試驗(yàn)[即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Nowheisontrialforhislife.②Shewillgoontrialformurder.③Childrenlearntousebytrialand(2)limitedadj.限的[例1]Theamountofmoneywehaveislimited.我們擁有的那筆錢是有限的。[例2]Filmisalimitedopportunitiesforactresses.電影業(yè)對(duì)女演員來說機(jī)會(huì)有限。[造句]此減價(jià)時(shí)間有限。Thisofferisforalimitedperiodonly.[知識(shí)拓展(1)limit.n．[C]limit...to...belimitedtothereisalimitto...(2)limitless.(3)limitationn.

限制限度，限制把……限定在……局限于…………是有限度的無限制的，無止境的限制；局限[即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Wearedoingourbestwiththelimited(limit)resourcesavailable.②Theteacherlimitedhisstudentsto500wordsfortheircompositions.③Thereisalimittotheamountofpainwebear.④Familiesarelimited(limit)tothreefreeticketseach.

[小片段助記]Aman'slifeislimitedthereisnolimittoservingpeople.Idevotemylimitedlifetothelimitlessjobofservingthepeople.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5containern．器；集裝箱，貨柜(教材P)Whentherewasnoresearchequipment，theytoextractherbsusinghouseholdwater當(dāng)時(shí)沒有研究設(shè)備，他們只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。[例1]Donotfillthecontainermorethantwothirdsull.加入的量不要超過容器總?cè)萘康?/3。[例2]Thiscanholdacanof這個(gè)容器能裝一罐水果。[造句]她水注入了容器里。Shepouredthewaterintothecontainer.[知識(shí)拓展contain.containoneself

包含；容納；容忍；控制，克制克制自己[即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Hewassoexcitedhecouldhardlycontainhimself(he).②Idon'tknowhowmuchoilisinthiscontainer(contain).③Thegirltopickupthebagcontaining(contain)muchmoney.④Ourschoollecturehallcontains(contain)1，000people.[明辨異同contain，includecontaininclude

表示包含所含之物的全部，還指某種物質(zhì)中含有某成分或含有其他物質(zhì)。另外，contain還“克制，抑制”之意。意為“包含括……在內(nèi)入入指作為整體中的一部分而被包括進(jìn)去，在句中常構(gòu)成分詞短語或includingsb./sth.。[選詞填空contain，include⑤Thislittlebookcontainsalltheinformationthatyouneed.⑥Ihavetopreparefoodforsevenpeopleincludingme.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)6speedup使加速(教材P)Tospeeduptheprocessandensureitssafety，Tuandherteamvolunteeredtotestextractonthemselvesfirst.為了加快進(jìn)程并確保安全，屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)自愿先在自己身上測(cè)試青蒿提取物。[例1]Younoticethatyourbreathinghasspeededupabit.

44你注意到你的呼吸已加快了一點(diǎn)。[例2]Thissystemhelpsspeedupaccesstimes.這個(gè)系統(tǒng)有助于加快讀取數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間。[造句]我經(jīng)采取措施加快解決這個(gè)問題。Ihadalreadytakenstepstospeedupasolutiontotheproblem.[知識(shí)拓展ataspeedof...atlow/high/full/topspeed

以……的速度以低/高全最速pickupspeed

加速[即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Onceoutsidethestation，thetrainbegantospeed．②Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience，especiallyyouaretravellingathighspeed.③ThisflightisnowheadingforParisataspeedkilometresanhour.④Manycountriesfacedwithproblemtospeedupeconomicdevelopment.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)7payoff成功，奏效，達(dá)到目的(教材P)TheeffortsofTuandherfinallypaid屠呦呦和其團(tuán)隊(duì)的努力終于有了回報(bào)。[例1]Itwilltakehimtherestofhistothatloan.那筆貸款將需要他的余生才能還清。[例2]Theydoubtedwhetherthisworkwouldoff.他們懷疑這樣干是否劃得來。[造句]他的努力最終有了回報(bào)。Theireffortspaidoffintheend.[知識(shí)拓展payoffpayforpayback

得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清，還清為……付錢；為……付出代價(jià)還錢；報(bào)復(fù)[名師點(diǎn)津]payoff表示得回報(bào)”時(shí)，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且一般用表示事物的名詞作主語；表示“償清”時(shí)，用人作主語。[即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①TheeffortsbyJackandhisparentspaid(pay)off.②Canyoulendmesomemoney？I'llpayyoubackonFriday.③Atlastyoungpeople'shardpaid(pay)off.

④Thecouplewerehappytoknowtheirson'sdebtpaid(pay)off.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)8beneficialadj.有益的，有用的(教材P)Perhapsgenerationof，drawingonthewisdomoftraditionalChinesemedicinewillindeeddiscovermedicinesbeneficialtoglobalhealthcare.也許下一代的科學(xué)家借鑒中醫(yī)的智慧，確實(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多有益于全球醫(yī)療的藥物。[例1]Totakeindoorsislessbeneficialthanintheopenair.在室內(nèi)鍛煉不如在室外鍛煉更有益。[例2]Beingexposedtoaforeignculturebeneficialfortolearnthelocallanguage.在外國(guó)文化環(huán)境中熏陶有利于我們學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)?shù)卣Z言。[造句]水植物和動(dòng)物都有益。Waterisbeneficialtobothandanimals.[知識(shí)拓展(1)bebeneficialto(2)benefit.n.benefitfrom/bybeofbenefitto

對(duì)……有益，對(duì)……有用對(duì)……有用，使受益益處得益于，得利于對(duì)……有利forsb.'sbenefit＝forthebenefitofsb.為了某人的利益[即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Youradviceisbeneficial(benefit)tome.②Youmuststudyhardforthebenefitof③Thisisanagreementwhichisofgreattobothparties.④Bothsideshavebenefitedfrom/bythetalks.[小片段助記]Ihavetypedoutsomelecturenotesforthebenefitofthosepeoplewhowereabsentlastweek，whichIthinkisbeneficialtotheirlearning.Thenoteswillbebenefiteveryoneconcerned.．(教材P)TuYouyouhasbecomethefirstfemalescientistofthePeople'sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrize，awardedforhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria，oneofthedeadliestdiseaseshumanhistory.

[分析]

此句為簡(jiǎn)單句。不定式toreceiveaNobelPrize作后置定語，修飾名詞scientist；過去分詞短語awardedforhercontributiontothefightmalaria作定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句whichwasawardedforhercontributiontothefightmalaria；詞短語oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory是malaria的同位語。[譯文]屠呦成為中華人民共和國(guó)第一位獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的女科學(xué)家。她獲獎(jiǎng)是因?yàn)樗诳箵舣懠仓凶龀龅呢暙I(xiàn)，瘧疾是人類歷史上最致命的疾病之一。教)Howeverwashardtoproduceqinghaoextractforlargetrialsbecauseresearchresourceswerelimited.[分析]此為主從復(fù)合句中because引原因狀語從句句it為式主語，真正的主語為不定式短語toproduceenoughextractlargetrials。[譯文]然，由于研究資源有限，難以生產(chǎn)出足夠的青蒿提取物進(jìn)行大型試驗(yàn)。．(材)Perhapsnextgenerationof，drawingthewisdomoftraditionalChinesemedicineindeeddiscovermoremedicinestoglobalhealthcare.[分析]

此句為簡(jiǎn)單句。句中“drawingonthewisdomoftraditionalmedicine”為.ing短作定語，修飾名詞scientists。[譯文]也下一代的科學(xué)家借鑒中醫(yī)的智慧實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多有益于全球醫(yī)療的藥物。教材1.Inthe1960s，manyweredyingofmalariaTubecameheadofteamthatintendedtofindacureforthedisease.2.Whentheyfailedtoproduceanypromisingresults，totheancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicineagain.3.However，itwashardtoproduceenough

高考(2020·天津卷)Makingafulllengthclay(黏土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength—andthatwhatIintendto！(2020·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2to(2019·江蘇卷Misjudgmentsontheqinghaoextractlargetrialsbecauseinfluencesofnewtechnologytoresearchresourceswereawasteoflimitedresources.4.Tospeeduptheprocessandensure(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)TheywillspeedupenergysafetyTuandhertotestproduction.

qinghao

extractonthemselvesfirst.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Whatdoesthespeaker5.InherNobel，sheencouragedrecommendattheendofhislecture？scientiststofurtherthe(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)TakeatourofhistreasurehouseoftraditionalChineseLakelandcottage，walkthroughhismedicineandraiseittoahigherlevel.hillsidegardenandexploretherichesofthecollectionintheMuseum.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Scientificresearchshowsthatwomentendtosurvivetheirhusbands5－10years.2．Shewenttothiscitywiththeintention(intend)ofagoodjob.3．Itwasfoolishofhimtorefertohisnotesduringthatimportanttest.4．Thereportwillbepublished(publish)ontheInternet.5．Atworstwe'llhavetosellthehousetopaydebts.6．Hermenuwassolimited(limit)thatfewcustomerscametoherrestaurant.7．Thenewruleswillbebeneficial(benefit)toeverystudent.8thinkMaryisawomanofgreatwisdom(wise).9．Takethemachineontrialforweek.10．Ananimal'ssenseofsmellisstillcrucialtoit'ssurvival(survive).Ⅱ.短語填空refer；pay；makeadifference；thanks；succeed；dayandnight；giveup；largeamountson1．I'llhavetodrawonmysavingstoaffordit.2．Itwasallagreatsuccess—thankstolotofhardwork.3．Didhegiveuporkeepontrying?4．Studythisexampleandrefertotheexplanationbelow.5．Afteramonth'shard，hiseffortpaidatlast.6．Hesucceededingettingaplaceatschoollastyear.7．Whateveryouchoosetodoadifference．8．Speedupyourpaceandtrytoarrivethereontime.9．Studentsshouldnotplaycomputergamesdayand．10．Theserverisdesignedtostorelargeamountsofdata.Ⅲ.課文語法填空

TuYouyouhas1.thefirst(one)femalescientistoftheR