2022年考研考博-考博英語-西北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號39

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

Myeldestdaughter,anInternetconsultant,isonly30,butshehasalreadylivedinfivedifferenthousesinfivedifferentplacesandhashadaboutsixdifferentjobs.EverytimeIvisither,Inoticehowmanynewthingsthereareinherhouse,andhowmanythingslieunused,outofdate.Whatisevenmorestrikingishowmanythingstherearewhicharenotexpectedtolast—disposablethings.Disposableplatesandglasses,disposabletowelsandbabies,nappies(尿布).Itsometimesseemsthatweliveinanageofthedisposable.

（1）Thisphenomenonofconstantchangerunsthrougheverythinginlifenowadays,fromfashiontomusic,frommedicinetomotorcars,fromeducationtoemployment.Twoimportantfactorsseemtobedrivingthesechanges.Thefirstistherapidgrowthinknowledgeandtheconsequentrapiddevelopmentoftechnology.Thesecondistherevolutionincommunications,whichmeansthatknowledgeisspreadfasterandmorewidelythanever.Ourtimesareoftencalled“theinformationage”andtheeffectistobringabout“theknowledgeeconomy”.Newtechnologiesandnewknowledgebringabouttheneedfornewskills.（2）

Thespeedwithwhichthesetechnologiesarebeingcreatedissuchthatallofusarefacedwiththechallengeoflearningnewskills,notjustonce,butseveraltimes.Whatweknewyesterdayisoftenobsoletetoday.

Iremembermydaughtersayingtothatshewasat“thecuttingedge”ofherparticularfield.Butwithinfiveyears,shesaid,shewouldhavetodosomethingnewanddifferenttokeepup.Thereisagreatneedforflexibilityandproblem-solvingthanbefore.Tasksrequireagreaterintegrationofskills.

（3）Therewardsoflifegotothemulti-skilled,toflexibleteamsofworkerseachcapableofcontributinginarangeofways.

（4）Tosucceedinthisnewworldofwork,individualswillhavetoregardtheircareersnotjustasaprocessofgatheringexperience,butasaprocessoflearningnewthingsonanalmostcontinuousbasis.Allthissuggeststomethattherelationshipbetweeneducationandemploymenthaschangedradicallyoverthelastfewyears.

（5）OnecouldsummarizethechangebysayingthatwhenIlearnedthingsinordertoachievelife-longemploymentwhilemychildrenneedtopursuelife-longlearninginordertostayemployed.

【答案】1.這種不斷變化的現(xiàn)象如今貫穿著生活中的一切，從時裝到音樂，從醫(yī)藥到“摩托車”，從教育到就業(yè)。

2.創(chuàng)造技術(shù)的速度是這樣的，我們大家都面臨著不只是一次，而是多次地學(xué)習(xí)新技能的挑戰(zhàn)。

3.生活的獎賞趨向多種技能，以及每個職工在一個靈活的團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠在多方面做出貢獻(xiàn)。

4.為了在這種新的工作世界中成功，個人將不得不考慮自己的事業(yè)不僅是一種收集經(jīng)驗(yàn)的過程，也是一個連續(xù)不斷地學(xué)習(xí)新事物的過程。

5.人們可以總結(jié)說，我學(xué)東西是為了獲得終生的就業(yè)機(jī)會，而我的孩子則需要終生學(xué)習(xí)，以維持就業(yè)。

2.單選題

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（

）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredients

B.components

C.elements

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】ingredient成分，配料，原料；component組件，元件；element元素，要素；compound化合物；混合物。句意：為什么素食餐廳的菜除了配料外，其他各個方面都像肉？選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

3.單選題

Nomatterwhathighpositionsonemayhold,heorsheshouldguardagainst（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrogance

B.artifact

C.archives

D.ascertains

【答案】A

【解析】arrogance傲慢，自大；artifact人工制品，手工藝品；archives檔案；ascertain查明，探究。句意：不管一個人在多高的位置，他或她都不應(yīng)該傲慢自大。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.翻譯題

大學(xué)之所以有理由存在，是因?yàn)樗估仙賰纱嗽诟挥谙胂罅Φ膶W(xué)習(xí)中，保持了知識與生活熱情之間的聯(lián)系。大學(xué)提供信息，但它是富于想象地提供信息。至少，這是它應(yīng)該為社會發(fā)揮的作用。一所大學(xué)如果做不到這一點(diǎn)，就沒有理由存在。富于想象的思維可以營造出一種令人興奮的氛圍，而這種氛圍又可以轉(zhuǎn)化知識。事實(shí)不再只是純粹的事實(shí)，它被賦予了種種可能性。它不再是記憶的負(fù)擔(dān)，而是充滿活力，猶如能描繪我們夢境的詩人，能實(shí)現(xiàn)我們意圖的建筑師。

【答案】Thejustificationforauniversityisthatitpreservestheconnectionbetweenknowledgeandthezestoflife,byunitingtheyoungandtheoldintheimaginativeconsiderationoflearning.Theuniversityimpartsinformation,butitimpartsitimaginatively.Atleast,thisisthefunctionwhichitshouldperformforsociety.Auniversitywhichfailsinthisrespecthasnoreasonforexistence.Thisatmosphereofexcitement,arisingfromimaginativeconsideration,transformsknowledge.Afactisnolongerabarefact:itisinvestedwithallitspossibilities.Itisnolongeraburdenonthememory:itisenergizingasthepoetofourdreams,andasthearchitectofourpurposes.

5.單選題

MargaretMead'sreputationwasestablishedwiththepublicationofherbookin1928andwasenhancedbyhermanysubsequentcontributionstoanthropology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obscured

B.entranced

C.heightened

D.restored

【答案】C

【解析】句意：enhanced意為“提高，增強(qiáng)”。obscured掩蓋，遮蔽；entranced著迷的，狂喜的；heightened提高，升高；restored修復(fù)，恢復(fù)。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

6.單選題

Inmountainousregions,muchofthesnowthatfallsiscompactedintoice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokendown

B.embedded

C.compiled

D.compressed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在山區(qū)，大部分降雪被壓成冰。compacted意為壓實(shí)，壓緊。brokendown打破，折斷；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled編輯；compressed壓緊，壓縮。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

7.單選題

然而,研究人員在報告中提醒說,相對于患更嚴(yán)重的疾病的危險來說,這些益處簡直微不足道。

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Researchersinthestudy,however,cautionedthatsuchbenefitsdon'toutweightheriskofmoreseriousailments.

B.However,researchersremindedinthereportthatsuchbenefitsarenothingcomparedwiththeriskofmoreseriousailments.

C.However,researcherscautionedintheirreportthatsuchbenefitsdon'tindolencealotcomparingtotheriskofmoreseriousailments.

【答案】A

【解析】“提醒”在本句中用remind比較口語化，caution更為正式，因?yàn)槭窃趫蟾嬷羞M(jìn)行提醒，因此caution更為恰當(dāng)；后面包含一個比較，用outweigh言簡意賅，最為恰當(dāng)。所以選項(xiàng)A翻譯最精確。

8.單選題

Idon'tthinkitisimpartialfortheprofessortoflunkmyChemistrytest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbiased

B.compatible

C.exonerative

D.effusive

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我不認(rèn)為教授讓我的化學(xué)考試不及格是公正的。impartial意為公平的，不偏不倚的。unbiased公正的，無偏見的；compatible兼容的，可并立的；exonerative免罪的，免除的；effusive流出的，感情橫溢的。選項(xiàng)A與之意思最為相近。

9.單選題

Scientistshavedevelopedaslimmingdrugthatsuccessfullysuppressesappetiteandresultsinadramaticlossofweightwithoutanyapparentilleffects.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.科學(xué)家們己經(jīng)研制出了一種減肥藥,它能有效地抑制食欲,導(dǎo)致體重顯著下降而無任何明顯的不良反應(yīng)。

B.科學(xué)家們己經(jīng)開發(fā)出了一種減肥藥,它能成功地控制食欲,使體重顯著下降,同時有明顯的不良反應(yīng)。

C.科學(xué)家們己經(jīng)研制出了一種減食療法的藥,它能有效地抑制食欲,導(dǎo)致體重顯著下降而無任何明顯的不良反應(yīng)。

【答案】A

【解析】首先，“slimmingdrug”應(yīng)翻譯為減肥藥，沒有提及減食療法，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)“withoutanyapparentilleffects.”可知，應(yīng)該是沒有明顯的不良反應(yīng)，所以選項(xiàng)B錯誤。選項(xiàng)A翻譯最為準(zhǔn)確。

10.單選題

Akilnisatypeofoveninwhichclayis（

）sothatithardensintoaformofceramicmaterial.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.repaired

B.baked

C.melted

D.lightened

【答案】B

【解析】repair修理，修補(bǔ)；bake烤，烘焙；melt使融化，使軟化；lighten使照亮，使輕松。句意：窯是一種把黏土燒制變硬成為陶瓷材料的爐子。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

11.單選題

Herpeerswereherworstcritics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.students

B.equals

C.teachers

D.subordinates

【答案】B

【解析】peer意為同等的人，同齡人。equal同輩，相等的事物；subordinate下屬，從屬。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

12.單選題

Humansareforeverforgettingthattheycan'tcontrolnature.Exactly20yearsago,aTimemagazinecoverstoryannouncedthat“scientistsareonthevergeofbeingabletopredictthetime,placeandeventhesizeofearthquakes”.Thepeopleofquake-ruinedKobe(神戶)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.

Noneofthemethodspraisedtwodecadesagohavesucceeded.Evennow,scientistshaveyettodiscoverauniformwarningsignalthatprecedesallquakes,letaloneanysignthatwouldtellwhetherthecomingquakeismildorakiller.Earthquakeformationcanbetriggeredbymanyfactors,saysHirooKanamori,aseismologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Sofindingoneall-purposewarningsighisimpossible.Onereason:quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.

Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.PlaceslikeJapanandCaliforniaarefilledwithhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofminorfaults.Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.Andtheseinconspicuoussitescanbejustasdeadlyastheirbetter-knowncousinsliketheSanAndreas(圣安得列斯斷層).BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.

Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15years,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quake-resistant”structures,saysTerryTullis,ageophysicistatBrownUniversity.InKobe,forexample,ahighwaythatopenedonlylastyearwasdamaged.

IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse.Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.Theymayhaveswayedbutthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.

ArecentreportinScienceaddsyetmoreanxietyaboutlifeonthefaultlines.Researcherscancomputersimulationstoseehowquake-resistantbuildingswouldfareinamoderate-sizetremor,takingintoaccountthatmuchofaquake'senergytravelsinalarge“pulse”offocusedshaking.Theresults:bothsteel-framebuildingsandbuildingsthatsitoninsulatingrubberpadssufferedseveredamage.

Moreresearchwillhelpexpertsdesignstrongerstructuresandpossiblyfindquakeprecursors.Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthwillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutKobe?

2.Theauthor'sfocusinPara.3ison（

）.

3.It'simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause

（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Lastweek'squakeoccurredonsmallfaults.

B.Peopletherebelieveinscientists'abilitytopredictearthquakes.

C.Buildingsthereswayedwiththequakeratherthancrumpled

D.Itcanbeexpectedthateveryfaultcanbemonitoredasaresultofmoreresearch.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theneedformoreresearch

B.theimpossibilitytopredictearthquakes

C.thedesigningofstrongerstructuresandthefindingofquakeprecursors

D.theimpossibilityofbuildingcompletelyquake-proofedstructures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.scientistscan'tstudyquakesthatoccurdeepintheearthdirectly

B.it'shardtobuildperfect“quake-resistant”structures

C.instrumentscannotbeplacedonalloftheminorfaults

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.well-erectedstructuresdonotcollapse

B.steel-framebuildingssurviveanyearthquake

C.buildinginNorthridgewillprobablycollapseinastrongerearthquake

D.seismicengineeringhasimprovedenoughforstructurestoresistquakes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.NatureIsbeyondHumanControl

B.Earthquakes;canWeBringThemunderControl?

C.NewMethodsandStrongerStructurestoPredictandWithholdQuakes

D.Can'tWePredictEarthquakes?

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)B錯誤；根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)C描述的是北嶺地震而不是神戶地震，不符合題意；根據(jù)原文最后一句“everyfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.”可知選項(xiàng)D錯誤。所以只有選項(xiàng)A表述正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.”如果能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)地震的前兆，仍然不可能在所有危險的地震發(fā)生前警告人類。也就是說，預(yù)測地震是不可能的，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第四段第一句“Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.”如果科學(xué)家能夠輕而易舉地建造出抵御地震的建筑物，那么預(yù)測就不那么重要了。由此可知選項(xiàng)B正確；根據(jù)第三段“Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.”可知選項(xiàng)C正確。所以本題選項(xiàng)D。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)A和B表述太絕對；選項(xiàng)D沒有提及。根據(jù)本段最后一句“Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.”如果地震時間更長或強(qiáng)度更大，建筑物可能已經(jīng)倒塌了。也就是說，北嶺的建筑可能會在更強(qiáng)的地震中倒塌。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講地震的不可預(yù)測性，這是一個事實(shí)，選項(xiàng)B和D帶有疑問語氣，所以不恰當(dāng)。選項(xiàng)C不是本文的重點(diǎn)，所以選項(xiàng)A比選項(xiàng)C更能概括全文。

13.單選題

Thearticleinsinuatedthattheofficialwasbribed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deniedpositively

B.statedflatly

C.arguedconvincingly

D.suggestedindirectly

【答案】D

【解析】insinuate意為暗示。deniedpositively明確否認(rèn)；statedflatly平平的陳述；arguedconvincingly令人信服地論證；suggestedindirectly迂回的表示。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

14.單選題

Whenshebeganthejob,Lisashowed（

）andwaspromotedtoamanagerafterayear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nitiative

B.ambition

C.attribute

D.peculiarity

【答案】B

【解析】initiative主動權(quán)，首創(chuàng)精神；ambition抱負(fù)，雄心；attribute屬性，特質(zhì)；peculiarity怪癖，特征。句意：當(dāng)麗莎開始這份工作時就展現(xiàn)了她的抱負(fù)，一年后被提升為經(jīng)理。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

15.單選題

Let'sputanendtothisunnecessaryand（

）destructionofourenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wanton

B.illiterate

C.decisive

D.competitive

【答案】A

【解析】wanton荒唐的，無節(jié)制的；illiterate文盲的，不識字的；decisive決定性的，果斷的；competitive競爭的，比賽的。句意：讓我們停止對環(huán)境不必要的以及無節(jié)制的破壞。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

Patentmedicinesalesmenhaveclaimedtohave（

）foralltypesofailments,fromcancertobaldnesstothecommoncold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.riddles

B.quandaries

C.remedies

D.remnant

【答案】C

【解析】riddle謎語，謎一般的人、東西、事情等；quandary困惑，窘境，為難；remedy補(bǔ)救，治療；remnant剩余。句意：專利藥品的銷售人員聲稱他們有治療各種疾病的方法，從癌癥到禿頂再到普通感冒。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

17.單選題

Highpressurecellsmaybringbriefwarm（

）eveninthemiddleofwinter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.struggles

B.spells

C.spans

D.sway

【答案】C

【解析】struggle奮斗，努力；spell符咒，魅力；span跨度，范圍；sway影響，搖擺，統(tǒng)治。句意：高壓電池即使在隆冬也能帶來短暫的溫暖。選項(xiàng)C在這里表示時間段，符合語境。

18.單選題

Althoughtheyareaninexpensivesupplierofvitamins,minerals,andhigh-qualityprotein,eggsalsocontainahighlevelofbloodcholesterol,oneofthemajorcausesofheartdisease.Oneeggyolk,infact,containsalittlemorethantwo-thirdsofthesuggesteddailycholesterollimit.Thisknowledgehascausedeggsalestoplummetinrecentyears,whichinturnhasbroughtaboutthedevelopmentofseveralalternativestoeatingregulareggs.Onealternativeistoeatsubstituteeggs.Theseeggsubstituteshavinglowercholesterolrates,andtheycanbescrambledorusedinbaking.Onedisadvantage,however,isthattheyarenotgoodforfrying,poaching,orboiling.Asecondalternativetoregulareggsisanewtypeofegg,sometimescalled“designer”eggs.Theseeggsareproducedbyhensthatarefedlow-fatdietsconsistingofingredientssuchascanolaoil,flax,andricebean.Inspiteoftheirdiets,however,thesehensproduceeggsthatcontainthesameamountofcholesterolasregulareggs.Yet,theproducersoftheseeggsclaimthateatingtheireggswillnotraisethebloodcholesterolinhumans.

Eggproducersclaimthattheirproducthasbeenportrayedunfairly.Theycitescientificstudiestobackuptheirclaim.And,infact,studiesontherelationshipbetweeneggsandhumancholesterollevelshavebroughtmixedresults.Itmaybethatitisnotthetypeofeggthatisthemaindeterminantofcholesterolbutthepersonwhoiseatingtheeggs.Somepeoplemaybemoresensitivetocholesterolderivedfromfoodthanotherpeople.Infact,thereisevidencethatcertaindietaryfatsstimulatethebody'sproductionofbloodcholesterol.Consequently,whileitstillmakessensetolimitone'sintakeofeggs,evendesignereggs,itseemsthatdoingthiswithoutregulatingdietaryfatwillprobablynothelpreducethebloodcholesterollevel.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisacauseofheartdisease?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeenthecauseforchangesinthesaleofeggs?

4.Accordingtothepassage,oneeggyolkcontainsapproximatelywhatfractionofthesuggesteddailylimitforhumanconsumptionofcholesterol?

5.Accordingtothepassage,eggsubstitutescannotbeusedtomakeanyofthefollowingtypesofeggsEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toinformpeopleabouttherelationshipbetweeneggsandcholesterol

B.toconvincepeopletoeat“designer”eggsandeggsubstitutes

C.topersuadepeoplethateggsareunhealthyandshouldnotbeeaten

D.tointroducetheideathatdietaryfatincreasesthebloodcholesterollevel

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.minerals

B.cholesterol

C.vitamins

D.canolaoil

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.dietarychangesinhens

B.decreasedproduction

C.increasingprice

D.ashrinkingmarket

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.l/3

B.l/2

C.2/3

D.3/4

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.scrambled

B.fried

C.poached

D.boiled

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要講的是雞蛋里面含有膽固醇，對人體產(chǎn)生影響，所以本文的目的是告訴人們雞蛋和膽固醇之間的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“...eggsalsocontainahighlevelofbloodcholesterol,oneofthemajorcausesofheartdisease.”雞蛋也含有高水平的血液膽固醇，是心臟病的主要原因之一。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段二三四句“Oneeggyolk,...Onealternativeistoeatsubstituteeggs.”事實(shí)上，一個蛋黃的膽固醇含量僅略高于建議的每日膽固醇上限的三分之二。這一認(rèn)識導(dǎo)致雞蛋銷量近年來直線下降，這反過來又帶來了幾種食用普通雞蛋的替代品的開發(fā)。一種選擇是吃雞蛋替代品。由此可知，是因?yàn)槭褂昧颂娲罚械氖袌鑫s了，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Oneeggyolk,infact,containsalittlemorethantwo-thirdsofthesuggesteddailycholesterollimit.”一個蛋黃的膽固醇含量僅略高于建議的每日膽固醇上限的三分之二。選項(xiàng)中高于三分之二的只有3/4，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Onedisadvantage,however,isthattheyarenotgoodforfrying,poaching,orboiling.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確。

19.單選題

Ifpeopledidn'tperspire,theywoulddieinfiveminutes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breathe

B.eat

C.sweat

D.drink

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果人們不流汗，他們將在五分鐘內(nèi)死去。perspire意為使排汗，分泌出。只有選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

20.單選題

Eventhoughitisa（

）explanation,Iamnotcompletelyconvinced.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.susceptible

B.plausible

C.plentiful

D.reliable

【答案】B

【解析】susceptible易受影響的，易感動的；plausible貌似可信的，貌似有理的；plentiful許多的，豐富的；reliable可靠的，可信賴的。句意：盡管這是一個合理的解釋，但我并不完全信服。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

21.單選題

Thecostofmakingtheprogramswassharedbyaconsortiumofsixpublictelevisionstations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conformation

B.association

C.patchwork

D.combine

【答案】B

【解析】句意：制作這些節(jié)目的成本由六家公共電視臺共同承擔(dān)。consortium意為“聯(lián)合，合伙”。conformation構(gòu)造，一致，符合；association協(xié)會，聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合；patchwork拼縫物，混雜物；combine聯(lián)合企業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B與之意思最為相近。

22.單選題

Theteacherblamedhisstudentsforplayingpranksintheclassroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tricks

B.nudes

C.cribs

D.quips

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老師責(zé)備他的學(xué)生在教室里搞惡作劇。pranks指“惡作劇”。tricks詭計(jì)，騙局；nudes肉色針織物；cribs嬰兒床，柵欄；quips妙語，諷刺語。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

23.單選題

Hegotafteryoutochangeyourmind,didn'the?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wanted

B.urged

C.persuaded

D.forced

【答案】B

【解析】getafter攻擊，追擊，催促。只有選項(xiàng)B有催促的意思，所以正確。

24.單選題

The（

）ofthesemanyeventsledmanypeopletobelievethattheywereinterrelated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concurrence

B.agreement

C.occurrence

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】concurrence同時發(fā)生，贊同，合作；agreement協(xié)議，同意，一致；occurrence發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；circumstance環(huán)境，情況，境遇。句意：許多這些事件同時發(fā)生使很多人相信它們之間是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

25.單選題

Somescientistshypothesizedthatthereareintellectualbeingsonsome（

）bodies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.astronautic

B.celestial

C.astronomical

D.astrological

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)astronautic“太空航行的，宇航員的”，C項(xiàng)astronomical“天文的，天文學(xué)的”，D項(xiàng)astrological“占星的，占星學(xué)的，占星術(shù)的”，B項(xiàng)celestial“天上的，天空的”，celestialbody表示“天體”。由intellectualbeings“有智力的生物”可知，空格部分表示“在一些天體上”。句意：一些科學(xué)家假設(shè)某些天體上有智慧生物。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

Thehotelwasafour-storeybuildingawayfromtheuniversitywheremostcompetitorswereaccommodated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putup

B.putdown

C.putin

D.putover

【答案】A

【解析】accommodated在這里指容納，安置。putup提供，建造，舉起；putdown放下，鎮(zhèn)壓；putin提交，放入；putover推遲，駛過。選項(xiàng)A放在句中最為恰當(dāng)，符合語境。

27.單選題

Themassive,black,hornedbuffalo,formerlyfoundthroughoutsub-SaharanAfrica,isagregariousanimalofopenorscrub-coveredplainsandopenforests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rotten

B.sociable

C.wealthy

D.beautiful

【答案】B

【解析】句意：巨大的、黑色的、有角的水牛，原產(chǎn)于非洲撒哈拉以南，是一種群居動物，生活在開闊的或灌木覆蓋的平原和開闊的森林中。gregarious意為“社交的，群居的”。rotten腐爛的，墮落的；sociable好交際的，友善的；wealthy富有的；beautiful美麗的。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

28.單選題

AlexanderWolcott'sflamboyantpersonalitycombinedsharpnessofwitwithsentimentality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.devious

B.humorous

C.singer

D.showy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：AlexanderWolcott浮夸的個性結(jié)合了敏銳的機(jī)智和多愁善感。flamboyant意為“艷麗的，炫耀的，浮夸的”。devious偏僻的，彎曲的；humorous幽默的；singer歌手；showy艷麗的，炫耀的，顯眼的。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

29.單選題

Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.Decisionsareformedbyadecisionmaker,theonewhoactuallychoosesthefinaloption,inconjunctionwithadecisionunit,allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.Inthistheoreticalmodel,themembersofthedecisionunitreacttoanunidentifiedproblembystudyingtheproblem,determiningtheobjectivesoftheorganization,formulatingoptions,evaluatingthestrengthsandweaknessesofeachofthedecision,includingthenatureoftheproblemitself,externalforcesexertinganinfluenceontheorganization,theinternaldynamicsofthedecisionunit,andthepersonalityofthedecisionmaker.Additionally,whenadecisionmustbemadeinacrisissituation,bothstressandthespeedatwhicheventsareprogressingcanhaveaneffect,oftenanegativeone,onthedecisionprocess.

Duringrecentyears,decisionmakinghasbeenstudiedsystematicallybydrawingfromsuchdiverseareasofstudyaspsychology,sociology,business,government,history,mathematics,andstatistics.Analysesofdecisionsoftenemphasizeoneofthreeprincipalconceptualperspectives(thoughoftentheapproachthatisactuallyemployedissomewhateclectic).

Intheoldestofthethreeapproaches,decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.Itisassumedthatthisrationalactorhasclearobjectivesinmind,developsnumerousreasonableoptions,considerstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachoptioncarefully,choosesthebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis,andthenproceedstoimplementitfully.Avariationoftherationalactormodelisdecisionmakerwhoissatisfier,onewhoselectsthefirstsatisfactoryoptionratherthancontinuingthedecisionmakingprocessuntiltheoptimaldecisionhasbeenreached.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheinformationinparagraph1thatthetheoreticaldecisionmakingprocess（

）.

2.Thephrase“inconjunctionwith”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedby

（

）.

3.Allofthefollowingarelistedinparagraph1ashavinganeffectondecisionsEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3thatrationalactorwouldbeleastlikelyto

（

）.

5.Theword“it”inline5,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.involvesonlythedecisionmaker

B.requiresthecontemplationofnumerousoptions

C.ismadewithoutthedecisionunit

D.doesnotworkinreal-lifesituations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.alongwith

B.tiedto

C.apartfrom

D.connectedto

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.evaluationoftheproblem

B.focusonobjectives

C.generationofoptions

D.open-endeddiscussions

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.dealwithaspecificthreat

B.workinarandomfashion

C.pondervariousoptions

D.considerdisadvantagesofoptions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.eachoption

B.carefulanalysis

C.thebestoption

D.variation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)首段第一句“Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.”在決策的理論模型中，決策被定義為從一組執(zhí)行選項(xiàng)中選擇一個選項(xiàng)的過程。也就是說，需要考慮多種選擇，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文“…allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.”……組織中所有參與了這個過程的人都圍繞著決策者。由此可推測，決策者和組織是緊密相連的，所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句，決策單元的成員對一個身份不明的問題做出反應(yīng)，需要通過研究問題，確定組織的目標(biāo)，制定方案，評估每一個決策的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，包括問題本身的性質(zhì)，對組織施加影響的外部力量，決策單元的內(nèi)部動態(tài)以及決策者的個性。選項(xiàng)A屬于評估每一個決策的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)；選項(xiàng)B屬于確定組織的目標(biāo)；選項(xiàng)D屬于決策單元內(nèi)部的動態(tài)；所以，只有選項(xiàng)C沒有涉及。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.”決策由理性的人做出，他針對來自外部環(huán)境的特定威脅，直接而有目的地做出特定的決策。由此可知，他們做事是帶有目的性的，而不是隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的，所以他們最不可能做的是選項(xiàng)B。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文句意可知，這里的“it”指的是上文提到的“thebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis”經(jīng)過仔細(xì)分析而選擇出的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)C正確。

30.單選題

Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman（

）anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.install

B.toinstall

C.tobeinstalled

D.installed

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)havesb.dosth.可知，這里應(yīng)該用動詞原形，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

31.單選題

Thetiesthatbindustogetherincommonactivityareso（

）thattheycandisappearatanymoment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trivial

B.fatal

C.tentative

D.feeble

【答案】D

【解析】trivial不重要的，瑣碎的；fatal致命的，重大的，毀滅性的；tentative試驗(yàn)性的，暫定的；feeble無力的，薄弱的。句意：把我們聯(lián)系在一起從事共同活動的紐帶是如此薄弱，以至于隨時都可能消失。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

32.單選題

IncolonialAmerica,peoplegenerallycoveredtheirbedswithdecorativequiltsresemblingthoseofthelandsfromwhichthequittershadcome.WealthyandsociallyprominentsettlersmadequiltsoftheEnglishtype,cutfromlargelengthsofclothofthesamecolorandtextureratherthanstitchedtogetherfromsmallerpieces.TheymadetheseuntiltheadventoftheRevolutionaryWarin1775,wheneverythingEnglishcametobefrownedupon.

Amongthewhole-clothquiltsmadebythesewealthysettlersduringtheearlyperiodarethosenowcalledlinsey-woolseys.Thistermwasusuallyappliedtoafabricofwoolandlinenusedinheavyclothingandquiltedpetticoatsworninthewintertime.Despitethename,linsey-woolseybedcoversdidnotoftencontainlinen.Rather,theyweremadeofatoplayerofwoolenorglazedworstedwoolfabric,consistingofsmooth,compactyarnfromlongwoolfiberdyeddarkblue,green,orbrownwithabottomlayerofacoarserwoolenmaterial,eithernaturalorashadeofyellow.Thefillingwasasoftlayerofwoolwhichhadbeencleanedandseparatedandthethreelayerswereheldtogetherwithdecorativestitchingdonewithhomespunlinenthread.Later,cottonthreadwasusedforthispurpose.Thedesignofthestitchingwasoftenasimpleonecomposedofinterlockingcirclesorcrosseddiagonallinesgivingadiamondpattern.

Thistypeofheavy,warm,quiltedbedcoverwassolargethatithungtothefloor.Thecomersarecutoutatthefootofthecoversothatthequiltfitsnuglyaroundthetallfour-poster,bedsofthe1700s,whichdifferedfromthoseoftodayinthattheywereshorterandwider;theywereshortbecausepeoplesleptinasemi-sittingpositionwithmanybolstersorpillows,andwide,becauseeachbedoftensleptthreeormore.Thelinsey-woolseycoveringwasfoundinthecolderregionsofthecountrybecauseofthewarmthitafforded.Therewasnocentralheatingandmostbedroomsdidnothavefireplaces.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.TheauthormentionstheRevolutionaryWarasatimeperiodwhen（

）.

3.Thequiltsdescribedinthesecondandthirdparagraphsweremadeprimarilyof（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatthesleepinghabitsofmostAmericanshavechangedsincethe1700sinallthefollowingwaysEXCEPT

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwasmostlikelytobefoundinabedroominthecolderareasoftheAmericancolonies?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theprocessingofwool

B.Linsey-woolseybedcovers

C.SleepinghabitsofcolonialAmericans

D.QuiltsmadeinEngland

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.quiltsweresuppliedtothearmy

B.moreimmigrantsarrivedfromEngland

C.quiltsimportedfromEnglandbecamehardertofind

D.people'sattitudestowardEnglandchanged

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wool

B.linen

C.cotton

D.amixtureoffabrics

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thepositioninwhichpeoplesleep

B.thenumbersofbolstersorpillowspeoplesleepon

C.thelengthoftimepeoplesleep