2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)86

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Youranalogywasnotagoodonebecausethetwosituationsarenotsimilar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparison

B.categorization

C.classification

D.cognition

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)comparisonn.比較，對(duì)照；B選項(xiàng)categorizationn.分類，分門別類，編目方法；C選項(xiàng)classificationn.等級(jí)，類別；D選項(xiàng)cognitionn.認(rèn)識(shí)，辨識(shí)，認(rèn)識(shí)能力。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：你的類比不是一個(gè)好例子，因?yàn)檫@兩種情況并不相同。

2.單選題

Whenhetriedtomakea_______,hefoundthatthehotelthathewantedwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complaint

B.claim

C.reservation

D.lodging

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complaint“抱怨，控訴”；B選項(xiàng)claim“宣稱，聲稱”；C選項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)約，預(yù)訂”；D選項(xiàng)lodging“寄宿，借宿”。根據(jù)thehotelwascompletelyfilled（酒店客滿了）可知C選項(xiàng)符合語義，makeareservation表示“預(yù)訂”。句意：當(dāng)他試圖預(yù)訂時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他想要的旅館因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)會(huì)議而客滿。

3.單選題

______dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)不能倒裝；whatever后面常跟名詞；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：形容詞/副詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞+as+主語+謂語；however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，后面跟形容詞或副詞。句意：不管他有多遲鈍，他無疑是一位非常成功的高管。

4.單選題

IcannevertouchlobsterbecauseI’m（）toshellfish.

e

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensitive

B.allergic

C.infected

D.sensibl

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensitiveadj.敏感的，易受傷害的；B選項(xiàng)allergicadj.對(duì)……過敏的；C選項(xiàng)infectedadj.被感染的；D選項(xiàng)sensibleadj.明智的，明顯的，通情達(dá)理的。句意：我不能接觸龍蝦，因?yàn)槲覍?duì)殼類動(dòng)物過敏。根據(jù)句意，本題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Failureisprobablythemostfatiguingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceeding,beingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.

Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.

Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evennotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones,Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattachtheobjectionableitemfirst.Topreventstart-upfatigue,alwaystreatthemostdifficultjobfirst.

Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan,thenlettheunconscioustakeover.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledanevilcircle?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whenkeepingputtingoffatask,wecanexperience（）.

3.Toovercomestart-upfatigue,weneed（）.

4.Theword“insurmountable”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Success-zeal-success-zeal

B.Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness

C.Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness

D.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tiredness

B.performancefatigue

C.start-upfatigue

D.unconsciousness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.toughness

B.prevention

C.muscles

D.strongwillpower

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatcannotbesolved

B.thatcannotbeunderstood

C.thatcannotbeimagined

D.thatcannotbeobjected

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itiseasiertoovercomestart-upfatigue

B.Performancefatigueoccurswhenthejobwearewillingtotakegetsblocked

C.Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle

D.Fatigueoftenaccompaniesfatigue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceedingbeingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.可知失敗會(huì)導(dǎo)致疲憊，而疲憊會(huì)使你更難工作，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致疲憊加重，于是進(jìn)入惡性循環(huán)，受阻不前，影響進(jìn)度。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.可知，我們會(huì)因?yàn)槿蝿?wù)過于乏味或太難而推遲完成任務(wù)，這種情況就是start-upfatigue。因此，C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.可知，解決辦法就是需要我們加強(qiáng)意志力的鍛煉。因此，本題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.詞匯題。題干詞匯insurmountable意思是不能克服的，難以解決超越的。A選項(xiàng)“不能被解決”，B選項(xiàng)“不能被理解的”，C選項(xiàng)“不能被想象的”，D選項(xiàng)“不能被否決的”。因此，A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由文章第二段可知可以通過鍛煉意志力來克服start-upfatigue可知A項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)可通過原文Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan’tseemtodothejobright.推斷得出。C選項(xiàng)在原文中沒有明確說明，過于絕對(duì)。根據(jù)原文最后一段Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.可知D選項(xiàng)正確。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinite-structuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”，and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein_______.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure,

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.（心理學(xué)家把這個(gè)問題看作是一件沮喪的是或是一個(gè)笑話）可知A選項(xiàng)表述不正確；由第一段中的Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.（但他們急忙指出，不同并不等于好或壞）可知B選項(xiàng)表述不正確；由第三段中的Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.（這是第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)女性和男性大腦之間的結(jié)構(gòu)差異，它必須具有一定的意義）可知D選項(xiàng)表述不正確。通過排除法排除A、B、D選項(xiàng)，因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.（我們傾向于認(rèn)為，正是社會(huì)的影響產(chǎn)生了這些差異）可知選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.（但要在此基礎(chǔ)上解釋男女技能的實(shí)際差異并非易事）可知選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing（我們也不知道這兩部分是如何通過胼胝體相互作用的。但這種顯著的差異肯定會(huì)有一定的影響，因?yàn)檫@種差異存在于大腦中與智力有關(guān)的部分，我們應(yīng)該尋找智力加工的差異）可知選D。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了男性和女性的結(jié)構(gòu)存在差別，科學(xué)家對(duì)這種差別所做的研究，因此A選項(xiàng)“概述腦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究成果”符合題意。

7.單選題

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite______andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.snatchup

B.summonup

C.catchon

D.watchout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)snatchup“奪取，猛然抓住”；B選項(xiàng)summonup“鼓起（勇氣），使出（力氣），喚起”；C選項(xiàng)catchon“理解，明白，變得流行”；D選項(xiàng)watchout“當(dāng)心，注意”。根據(jù)askedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid可推測(cè)前面指他沒聽明白我說的話，因此選C。句意：John說他沒有太明白，要我重復(fù)我下我所說的話。

8.單選題

The

Chairmanwasevidently__________by

Jim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putdown

B.putacross

C.putaway

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組題。A選項(xiàng)putdown鎮(zhèn)壓，記下；B選項(xiàng)putacross圓滿完成，解釋清楚，使被人理解；C選項(xiàng)putaway放好，拋棄；D選項(xiàng)putout撲滅；惱怒。根據(jù)句意可知，董事長(zhǎng)明顯被吉姆的話激怒了，瞪了他好一會(huì)。因此，D項(xiàng)是正確答案。

9.單選題

Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthetrainingwasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen______intothelearningprocess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adjusted

B.alternated

C.incorporated

D.combined

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adjust“適應(yīng)，調(diào)整”；B選項(xiàng)alternate“交替，輪流”；C選項(xiàng)incorporate“將……包括在內(nèi)，包含，吸收”；D選項(xiàng)combine“使結(jié)合”。根據(jù)practicalwork與intothelearningprocess可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：該培訓(xùn)吸引人的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是將實(shí)踐工作納入到學(xué)習(xí)過程的方式。

10.單選題

Icouldseethatmywifewasthathavingthatfurcoat,whetherIapproveofitornot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adequate

B.intenton

C.shortof

D.deficientof

【答案】B

【解析】搭配題。A選項(xiàng)adequatefor勝任……的，合適……的；B選項(xiàng)intenton專心致志于，決心要實(shí)現(xiàn)；C選項(xiàng)shortof缺乏，不足，除……以外；D選項(xiàng)deficientof缺乏，不足。根據(jù)句意可知，無論我是否同意，我妻子都抱定決心要買那件毛皮大衣。因此，B項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Theeducationgap

Educationisthepassporttomodemlife,andapre-conditionofnationalprosperity.Butmorethanaquarteroftheworld'sadults—900millionreadorwrite,andmorethan100millionyoungchildrenaredeprivedofevenaprimaryschooleducation.Inmostdevelopingcountries,afterdecadesofeducationalexpansion,spendingonlearningisfalling.Theilliteratearevirtuallyhelplessinaworldruledbythewrittenword,wherenoticesandofficialpaperscanseemamassofmeaninglesshieroglyphics.Peoplewhocannotdecipherthemareatthemercyofthosewhocan;many,asaresult,havebeencheatedoftheirrightsortheirland.

Studiesshowthatpeoplewithevenabasiceducationarehealthierandeatbetter.Theyaremorelikelytoplantheirfamiliesand-theirchildrenaremorelikelytosurvive.AccordingtotheWorldBank,justfouryearsofprimaryeducationenablesfarmerstoincreaseproductivitybytenpercent,oftenthedifferencebetweenhungerandsufficiency.Nationaleconomicreturnsfromeducationoutstripthosefrommostotherformsofinvestment.

Enrolment:riseandfall

Astheybecameindependent,mostdevelopingcountriesenthusiasticallyembracededucation.Twodecadesofastonishingexpansionfollowed.Between1960and1981,theworld'sthirty-twopoorestcountries(excludingIndiaandChina,whichhavelonghadgoodrecords)increasedtheproportionoftheirchildrenenrolledinprimaryschoolfromthirty-eighttoseventy-twopercent.Thethirty-eightnextpoorestachievedalmostuniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentby1980,upfromabouttwo-thirdsin1960.Itseemedasifitwouldnotbelongbeforeeverychildalivecouldbesureofgoingtoschool.

Bytheendofthe1980sthatdreamhadturnedtobitterdisillusion.Thedecadebroughteconomicdisastertodevelopingcountries.Theyslumpedwhenrichnationswentintorecessionatthebeginningofthe1980s,thesubsequentrecoverypassedthembyandtheywerehitagainbytherenewedrecessioninthelate1980sandearly1990s.Theeducationalexpansionofthelate1960sand1970sfirsthaltedthenwentintoreverse.By1989,enrollmentrateshaddroppedinoneouteveryfivedevelopingcountries.InsomeAfricancountries,thenumberofchildreninprimaryschoolsdeclinedbyathirdbetween1980and1985.Tanzania'suniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentfelldramaticallyduringthisperiod.Unesco’sDirector-General,FedericoMayor,warnsthatthisthreatenstosetbackthecountriesoftheSouthbyawholegenerationorevenmore.

Decliningexpenditure

Theproportionofnationalexpendituregoingtoeducationdeclinedinmorethanhalfofdevelopingcountriesoverthe1980s.Intheworld'sthirty-sevenpoorestcountries,theaverageexpenditureperheadoneducationdroppedbyaquarter.InAfricaasawhole,saystheWorldBank,only$0.60ayearisspentoneducationalmaterialsforeachstudent,whilstitestimatesminimumrequirementsat$5.00.

Illiteracyandthepoor

Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.Functionalilliteracy,however,remains:inCanada,theliteracyofaquarterofalladultsisseriouslyinadequate;intheUnitedStates,estimatesrangefromfivetotwenty-fivepercent;inFrance,thetotalnumbersrangefromtwotoeightmillionpeople,dependingonthestudy.Mostareamongthepoorestmembersoftheirsocieties.

Generallyspeaking,thepooreracountry,thehigherthenumberofilliterate;two-thirdsofadultsintheverypoorestcountriescannotreadorwrite.Furthermore,thepoorestindividualssuffermost.Thepoorerachild'sfamily,thelesslikelyhe(or,particularly,she)istostartschoolandthemorelikelyitisthatthosewhodostartwilldropout.

Thedisadvantagedcountryside

MorepeopleintheThirdWorldliveinthecountryside,whereschoolsandteachersarealwaysscarcer.Buteveninthecities,thepoormissout.InCalcutta,oversixtypercentofchildrendonotattendschoolbecausetheyhavetoworktohelpkeepthefamilygoing,orlookafteryoungersiblingstoenabletheirmotherstowork.Two-thirdsoftheworld'silliteratearewomen.Yetwomen'seducationisparticularlyimportant.TheWorldBankidentifiesitasperhapsthesinglemostimportantdeterminantoffamilyhealthandnutrition,anditsresearchshowsthatinfantmortalityratesfallsteadily,anddramatically,foreveryyearwomenspendatschool.Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.InthefirstgradeofKampala'sprimaryschoolsthesexesareevenlybalanced;bytheseventhgrade,therearemorethantwiceasmanyboysasgirls.

Primaryeducation:theproductivedollar

Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschooling,andgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities-Yet,throughouttheThirdWorld,thesespendingprioritiesarereversed.

Afewcountrieshavestartedtochangetheirpriorities,emphasizingprimaryeducation.Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschoolsinitsfirstfiveyearsofindependence;theproportionofitsbudgetspentoneducationisthefifthhighestintheworld,andthecurriculumhasbeenre-orientedtomeetlocalneeds.Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschoolswithappropriatesyllabusessince1985,atanannualcostofjust$15.00perpupil.Only1.5percentofthechildrendropoutcomparedtosixtypercentoftheirpeersintheordinaryprimaryschools.Moreover,ninety-fivepercentofpupils,themajoritygirls,continuetheireducationafterleaving.

Nonetheless,allthesecountriesareunderharsheconomicpressure.ThereislittlehopeforthechildrenoftheThirdWorldcountries,eveniftheirgovernmentsdochangetheirpriorities,unlesstheircountriesareenabledtodevelop.

1.Whatdoyouthinkisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Illiteracyhasbeenalmostcompletely（）

3.Girlsveryoftenfailtocompletetheirschoolingbecause（）.

4.Spendingontertiaryeducationis（）.

5.Primaryeducationhasbeengivenmoreimportance（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.topromotethedevelopmentofprimaryeducation

B.topromotethedevelopmentoftertiaryeducation

C.toillustratetheneedfordevelopmentingeneral

D.tohighlighttheproblemsofruralareas

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.fromthedevelopingworld

B.exceptintheUSA,CanadaandFrance

C.inabsolutetermsinindustrializedcountries

D.Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetogoouttowork

B.therearetwiceasmanyboysasgirls

C.oftraditionandprejudice

D.offamilyh

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.twiceasproductiveasspendingonsecondaryeducation

B.onlyhalfasproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling

C.fiftypercentlessproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling

D.twenty-fivepercentlessproductivethanspendingonprimaryschooling

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.inCalcutta

B.insomepartsofAfricaandAsia

C.inthelastfiveyears

D.byreorientingthecurriculum

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章以教育問題和世界各國(guó)的教育差距引出話題，論述了基礎(chǔ)教育的重要性，并將基礎(chǔ)教育與其他教育階段進(jìn)行對(duì)比。文章列舉說明了基礎(chǔ)教育的重要性，強(qiáng)調(diào)落后國(guó)家應(yīng)該對(duì)基礎(chǔ)教育予以重視。因此，本題選擇A項(xiàng)更為合適。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第六段Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theyobtainonlytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.‘Functionalilliteracy’，however,remainsinCanada.可知，在工業(yè)化國(guó)家，半個(gè)世紀(jì)前基本掃除了文盲；他們只占世界文盲人口的百分之二。然而，“功能性文盲”在加拿大仍然存在。說明即使是在加拿大這樣的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，文盲也是存在的。因此，D項(xiàng)“Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries”是正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.可知，由于傳統(tǒng)和偏見等原因，女孩子不能享受教育資源，繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschoolingandgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities.可知，世界銀行的另一項(xiàng)研究表明，投入小學(xué)教育的每一美元，其生產(chǎn)率比投入中學(xué)教育的每一美元高出50%，是大學(xué)高等教育的兩倍。所以對(duì)初等教育的投資更有利于掃除文盲。因此，D項(xiàng)表述符合原文內(nèi)容。故正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschools;Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschools可知，津巴布韋的小學(xué)數(shù)量翻了一番，而孟加拉國(guó)已經(jīng)開設(shè)了2500多所鄉(xiāng)村小學(xué)。由此可知，非洲的津巴布韋和亞洲的孟加拉國(guó)都加大了對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)教育的投資力度。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Theyhavealwaysregardedamanof______andfairnessasareliablefriend.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.robustness

B.temperament

C.integrity

D.compactness

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)robustness“結(jié)實(shí)，健壯”；B選項(xiàng)temperament“性情，氣質(zhì)”；C選項(xiàng)integrity“誠(chéng)實(shí)，正直”；D選項(xiàng)compactness“緊密，簡(jiǎn)潔”。根據(jù)并列連詞and可知空格處與fairness（公正）的意思接近，因此選C。句意：他們一直把正直和公正的人視為可靠的朋友。

13.單選題

Itishightimethatyou______thetestpaperand______itin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.finish,hand

B.finished,handed

C.finished,tohand

D.havefinished,handed

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。Itishightimethatsb.didsth.為固定句型，屬于虛擬語氣的一種，表示“是某人做某事的時(shí)候了”，句中的and為并列連接詞，因此都填動(dòng)詞的過去式，選B。句意：現(xiàn)在是你寫完試卷交上來的時(shí)候了。

14.單選題

Teenagelethargyisoftenduetolackofpropernutrients.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sluggishness

B.enthusiasm

C.boredom

D.energeticness

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。題目中l(wèi)ethargy表示“無精打采；昏睡；嗜眠癥”。A選項(xiàng)為“蕭條；惰性；無精打采”；B選項(xiàng)為“熱情；熱心”；C選項(xiàng)為“無聊；厭倦”；D選項(xiàng)為“積極；精力充沛”。由句意可知，青少年嗜睡常常是因?yàn)槿狈m當(dāng)?shù)臓I(yíng)養(yǎng)。因此，A項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Thecourtconsidersafinancial______tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.option

B.obsession

C.obligation

D.penalty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)option“選擇”；B選項(xiàng)obsession“癡迷，著魔，困擾”；C選項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)，責(zé)任”；D選項(xiàng)penalty“懲罰”。根據(jù)punishinghim可知D選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：法院認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)處罰是懲罰他的適當(dāng)方式。

16.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

中國(guó)已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)全球極富吸引力的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的大市場(chǎng)。世界各國(guó)和地區(qū)不少有遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的企業(yè)家，都將目光投向了中國(guó)，并從投資活動(dòng)中獲得了豐厚的回報(bào)。我相信，中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織后，外商參與中國(guó)投資活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)將越來越多，自身發(fā)展的空間也越來越大。在中國(guó)的投資活動(dòng)一定能成為溝通世界各國(guó)和地區(qū)的企業(yè)家與中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的一座橋梁，促進(jìn)中國(guó)和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮。

【答案】Chinahasdevelopedintoabig,extremelyattractiveandrealisticmarketintheglobalcontext.ManyfarsightedentrepreneursfromcountriesandregionsaroundtheworldhavebeguntokeepaneyeonChinaandgottensubstantialprofitsfromtheirinvestmentactivities.Ibelievethat,afterChina’sentryintoWTO,therewillbemoreopportunitiesforforeignentrepreneurstomakeinvestmentsinChinaandalsolagerspacefortheirowndevelopment.TheinvestmentactivitiesinChinawillcertainlyserveasabridgeconnectingentrepreneursfromallthecountriesandregionsintheworldwiththeChinesemarket,andpromotethecommoneconomicdevelopmentandprosperityofChinaandtheworld.

17.單選題

Thereisnodoubt______thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.why

B.that

C.whether

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語從句。doubt后面的that為同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，修飾doubt。doubt引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句中，用否定式時(shí)后面的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。相反如果doubt引導(dǎo)肯定意義的主從復(fù)合句中，引導(dǎo)詞要用whether。句意：毫無疑問，公司對(duì)銷售項(xiàng)目的決定是正確的。

18.單選題

It'sanawfulthatyourwifecouldn'tcome.Iwaslookingforwardtomeetingher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.harm

B.sorrow

C.shame

D.shock

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)harmn.傷害，損害；B選項(xiàng)sorrown.悲傷，懊悔，傷心事；C選項(xiàng)shamen.憾事，羞恥；D選項(xiàng)shockn.震驚，打擊。根據(jù)句意可知講話人一直希望見到對(duì)方妻子，所以非常遺憾她沒能來，itisashame表示“……太遺憾了”。因此，C項(xiàng)是正確答案。

19.單選題

Inourhighlytechnologicalsociety,thenumberofjobsforunskilledworkeris______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shrinking

B.obscuring

C.altering

D.constraining

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)shrink“收縮，減少”；B選項(xiàng)obscure“使模糊，使難解”；C選項(xiàng)alter“改變”；D選項(xiàng)constrain“強(qiáng)迫”。根據(jù)highlytechnologicalsociety與thenumberofjobs可知A選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：在我們高度科技化的社會(huì)里，非技術(shù)工人的工作崗位正在減少。

20.單選題

Herparentswantedtochangehermindsotheytriedto______hertotheirwayofthinking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convert

B.alter

C.transfer

D.convey

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)convert“(使)轉(zhuǎn)變，改變”，指改變形式、特性、信仰、觀點(diǎn)等；B選項(xiàng)alter“改變，更改”指部分更改，仍保留本質(zhì)和總體結(jié)構(gòu)；C選項(xiàng)transfer“(使)轉(zhuǎn)移，搬遷，(使)調(diào)動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)convey“表達(dá)，傳遞(思想、感情等)”。根據(jù)指theirwayofthinking可知選A。句意：她的父母想改變她的想法，所以他們?cè)噲D讓她轉(zhuǎn)變到他們的思維方式。

21.單選題

Cultural______indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.translation

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)translation“翻譯”；B選項(xiàng)transition“轉(zhuǎn)變，變遷”；C選項(xiàng)transmission“傳播，傳遞”；D選項(xiàng)transaction“交易，業(yè)務(wù)”。根據(jù)handtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother可知C選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：文化傳播意味著人類將他們的語言代代相傳。

22.單選題

Hehasbroughtforwardconclusiveevidence,whichforfurtherdispute.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makesroom

B.leavesnoroom

C.sparesnoefforts

D.takesnopains

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)makesroom為……留出空間；B選項(xiàng)leavesnoroom沒有空間；沒有余地；C選項(xiàng)sparesnoefforts不遺余力；D選項(xiàng)takesnopains沒有費(fèi)力氣，沒有痛苦。根據(jù)前文可知，他已經(jīng)列舉出了確鑿的證據(jù)，沒有必要進(jìn)一步爭(zhēng)論。因此，正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

23.單選題

IthinkthatIcommitteda______inaskingherbecausesheseemedveryupsetbymyquestion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blunder

B.revenge

C.reproach

D.scandal

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)blunder“愚蠢(或粗心)的錯(cuò)誤”；B選項(xiàng)revenge“報(bào)仇，報(bào)復(fù)”；C選項(xiàng)reproach“責(zé)備，責(zé)罵”；D選項(xiàng)scandal“丑聞，丑行”。根據(jù)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句可知A選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：我想我問她的時(shí)候犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)樗坪鯇?duì)我的問題很不高興。

24.單選題

Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguistics?

2.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

3.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

4.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconductedbecause______.

5.Whichofthefollowingwillserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearning.

B.Thesecondlanguage.

C.Theforeignlanguage.

D.Secondlanguageacquisition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,someforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.

B.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,anyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.

C.SLAresearchexaminesforeignlanguagelearning.

D.SLAresearchexaminesfirstlanguagelearning.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework

B.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldnotbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.

C.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavebeentreateddifferentlyinsecondlanguageacquisitionframework

D.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavenotbeentreatedindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework

B.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework.

C.learningathirdlanguageisnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.

D.learningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.InsideSLA

B.OutsideSLA

C.FutureofSLA

D.ThethirdlanguageandSLA

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章中的Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounders