2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)58

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.

Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraders,called“WaliUllah”or“thoseclosetoGod”,energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributemagicpowerofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.

BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired.”Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.”Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturningaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHandspike’sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKebatinan—the“searchfortheinnerself”.

Oneofhismanagers,YusufSoemado,whostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversity,comparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtowesternsystemofpositivethinking.“Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics,Carnegie’sthinkandgrowthrates,orthepowerofpositivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation”,hesaid.

1.Whatisthemostimportantfactorintheirdoingbusiness?

2.Whomdotheyconsult?

3.WhydidHadisikohastentoadd“hiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystems”?

4.Accordingtothepassage,thefunctionofthemeditationis___.

5.Whatdoes“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”referto?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mysticism

B.Religion

C.Meditation

D.Investment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThespiritsofancientJavanesekings

B.WaliUllah

C.OldKings

D.Carnegie

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.HethoughtMysticismwasnotsogoodasexpected.

B.Toshowtheytoofocusedonqualifications.

C.Toshowtheyhiredqualifiedpersons.

D.Toshowthepossibilityofcombinationofthescientificmanagementwithreligion.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.togainprofitfromthegod

B.togainpeaceofmindtomakedecision

C.togainforeknowledge

D.togainobjectiveconclusion

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Adoptingthewesternwayofdoingbusiness.

B.Ordinarywayofdoingbusinesswithoutmeditationandfasting.

C.ContactwithGod.

D.Puttingrightpersonsintherightjobs.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（這看起來(lái)像一個(gè)典型的商務(wù)會(huì)議。六名身穿白襯衫、打著領(lǐng)帶的男子魚貫進(jìn)入雅加達(dá)一家小公司的會(huì)議室，在一張長(zhǎng)桌旁坐下。但他們并沒(méi)有查閱檔案或聽(tīng)取報(bào)告，而是閉上眼睛，開(kāi)始冥想，向古代爪哇國(guó)王的靈魂尋求幫助）由此得知在印尼，商人們經(jīng)營(yíng)公司的方式很獨(dú)特，結(jié)合第三段BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.（商人Hadisiko說(shuō)，他的團(tuán)隊(duì)每周四都要禁食冥想一整夜，以便更接近上帝，與過(guò)去偉人的靈魂接觸。“如果我們想聘請(qǐng)管理層的人，我們會(huì)一起思考，通常會(huì)得到這樣的信息：這個(gè)人守不住錢，或者他不值得信任）可以推測(cè)出印尼的商人做生意最重要的因素是冥想，選C選項(xiàng)“冥想”；A選項(xiàng)“神秘主義”，B選項(xiàng)“宗教”以及D選項(xiàng)“投資”都不符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“consult”定位到第一段Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（但他們并沒(méi)有查閱檔案或聽(tīng)取報(bào)告，而是閉上眼睛，開(kāi)始冥想，向古代爪哇國(guó)王的靈魂尋求幫助）可知選A選項(xiàng)“古爪哇國(guó)王的靈魂”；B選項(xiàng)“WaliUllah”，C選項(xiàng)“老國(guó)王”以及D選項(xiàng)“卡耐基”皆不符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Hadisiko”定位到原文第三段Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.（接著他匆忙補(bǔ)充說(shuō)他的公司也采用現(xiàn)代人事管理系統(tǒng)，即要考慮雇傭的人員最根本的條件仍是正式資歷）可知選B選項(xiàng)“表明他們也關(guān)注資質(zhì)”；A選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為神秘主義不像預(yù)期的那么好”，C選項(xiàng)“顯示他們雇用了合格的人”以及D選項(xiàng)“展示科學(xué)管理與宗教結(jié)合的可能性”皆不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.（其中一名冥想者說(shuō)，他每周的冥想課程主要是為了帶來(lái)心靈的平靜，從而做出好的決定），以及第三段Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition…”（遠(yuǎn)景的投資也是通過(guò)神秘的沉思加以考慮?！坝兄潘珊烷_(kāi)放的頭腦，易于客觀地判斷新投資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。沉思和與過(guò)去領(lǐng)袖的接觸會(huì)使你的洞察力和感官變得敏銳……”）可以推測(cè)出冥想的功能是讓人變得平靜，以至做出更好的決定，選B選項(xiàng)“得到冷靜頭腦來(lái)決策”；A選項(xiàng)“從神那里獲得利益”，C選項(xiàng)“獲得預(yù)知”和D選項(xiàng)“獲得客觀結(jié)論”和原文不符。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”定位到第三段Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.（神秘冥想幫助扭轉(zhuǎn)了他的公司在1980年中期經(jīng)歷的業(yè)務(wù)下滑的局勢(shì)。按照正常的業(yè)務(wù)流程，他僅在那一年就損失了300多萬(wàn)美元），結(jié)合第一段Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（但他們并沒(méi)有查閱檔案或聽(tīng)取報(bào)告，而是閉上眼睛，開(kāi)始冥想，向古代爪哇國(guó)王的靈魂尋求幫助）可知“正常業(yè)務(wù)流程操作”應(yīng)表示不冥想不禁食，選B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有沉思和齋戒的常規(guī)做生意”；A選項(xiàng)“采用西方經(jīng)營(yíng)方式”屬于過(guò)度推測(cè)，原文并沒(méi)有明確表示該觀點(diǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“與上帝接觸”，D選項(xiàng)“把合適的人放在合適的崗位上”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Theyuse___salestacticstodefeattheirmajorcompetitor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.immoral

B.immortal

C.unscrupulous

D.ambitious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)immoral“不道德的（生活作風(fēng)上的道德上的錯(cuò)誤）；邪惡的；淫蕩的”；B選項(xiàng)immortal“不朽的；神仙的；長(zhǎng)生的”；C選項(xiàng)unscrupulous“肆無(wú)忌憚的；寡廉鮮恥的；不講道德的（不誠(chéng)實(shí)或不公平）”；D選項(xiàng)ambitious“野心勃勃的；有雄心的；熱望的；炫耀的”。句意：他們使用___銷售策略來(lái)?yè)魯≈饕母?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。本句表達(dá)“肆無(wú)忌憚的銷售策略”，指不誠(chéng)信、不公平的銷售手段，和生活作風(fēng)無(wú)關(guān)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thejudgeiscommittedtomaintaininga___ofimpartiality.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stance

B.motto

C.pretense

D.commotion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)stance“立場(chǎng)；姿態(tài)；位置；準(zhǔn)備擊球姿勢(shì)”；B選項(xiàng)motto“座右銘，格言；箴言”；C選項(xiàng)pretense“借口；虛假；炫耀；自吹”；D選項(xiàng)commotion“騷動(dòng)；暴亂”。句意：法官致力于保持公正的___。本句表達(dá)“保持公正的立場(chǎng)”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Dellquitdealinginsouped-upversionsofothercompanies’products,andstarteddesigning,___andmarketinghisown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fashioning

B.assembling

C.pruning

D.slashing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fashioning“使用；改變；做成……的形狀”；B選項(xiàng)assembling“集合，聚集；裝配；收集”；C選項(xiàng)pruning“修剪”；D選項(xiàng)slashing“砍；鞭打”。句意：戴爾不再經(jīng)營(yíng)其他公司產(chǎn)品的升級(jí)版，而是開(kāi)始設(shè)計(jì)、___和營(yíng)銷自己的產(chǎn)品。本句表達(dá)“戴爾公司開(kāi)始設(shè)計(jì)，裝配和營(yíng)銷自己的產(chǎn)品”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite___asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.respectful

B.respected

C.respectable

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)respectful“恭敬的；有禮貌的（表示對(duì)……的尊重）”；B選項(xiàng)respected“受尊敬的（受到……的尊敬，語(yǔ)氣程度最深）”；C選項(xiàng)respectable“值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相當(dāng)數(shù)量的（被社會(huì)接受的，好的或正確的）”；D選項(xiàng)suitable“適當(dāng)?shù)模幌嗯涞摹?。句意：鄰居們認(rèn)為他不太___，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)晚上他都會(huì)用醉醺醺的歌聲把他們吵醒。本句表達(dá)“鄰居認(rèn)為他不太值得尊敬”，不太被鄰居接受，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Hesaidthathehadno___ofthe1978interviewandthathehadneverseenitinprint.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recollection

B.memory

C.reminder

D.recognition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)recollection“回憶；回憶起的事物”；B選項(xiàng)memory“記憶，記憶力；內(nèi)存，[計(jì)]存儲(chǔ)器；回憶”；C選項(xiàng)reminder“暗示；提醒的人/物；催單”；D選項(xiàng)recognition“識(shí)別；承認(rèn)；認(rèn)出；重視；贊譽(yù)；公認(rèn)”。句意：他說(shuō)，他不___1978年的那次采訪，也從未在報(bào)紙上看到過(guò)。本句表達(dá)“不記得那次采訪”，因B此選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

IX.ForensicAppraisal

Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三聯(lián)征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.

Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(視網(wǎng)膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血腫),andcerebraledema(腦水腫)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.AccordingtotheconventionalunderstandingofSBS,theapplicationofrotationalaccelerationanddecelerationforcestotheinfant’sheadcausesthebraintorotateintheskull.Abruptdecelerationallowscontinuingbrainrotationuntilbridgingveinsarestretchedandruptured,causingathinlayerofsubduralhaemorrhageonthesurfaceofthebrain.Retinalhemorrhageswerethoughttoresultfromasimilarcausalmechanism.Mostsignificantly,thetriadofsymptomswasbelievedtobedistinctlycharacteristicofviolentshaking.

Despiteitslingeringpresenceinthepopularimagination,thescientificunderpinningsofSBShavecrumbledoverthepastdecadeasthemedicalestablishmenthasdeliberatelydiscardedadiagnosisdefinedbyshaking.Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace,doctorsarenowinwidespreadagreementthatSBSisanunhelpfulcharacterization,andthatthepresenceofretinalhemorrhagesandsubduralhematomacannotconclusivelyprovethatinjurywasinflicted.

Althoughitmaybetemptingtoconcludesimplythatscienceevolves,andleavetheinquirythere,thestoryismorecomplex;anobjectlessoninscientificoverreachingandthechallengeofcorrection.

AnumberofforcescoalescedtotransformSBSfromacertaindiagnosisintoitscurrentstateofflux.Mostimportantly,inthemid-tolate-1990s,medicalresearch,includingtheSBSliterature,becamesubjecttoaheightenedlevelofscrutiny.Thenewevidence-basedmedicinestandardsrequireddoctorstoderivetheirresearchfrommethodsthatarescientificandstatisticallyrigorous.Thechangetriggeredareviewoftheevidencesupportinganumberofareasofmedicine,andincludedacomprehensiveefforttoexaminethescienceunderlyingSBS.

Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.

83.OnelearnsfromtheparagraphsthatSBSis___.

84.Thepresenceofthefollowingsyndromesmakesthedoctorsbelievethatababywasshakenhard,except___.

85.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thefollowingstatementisNOTcorrect___.

86.Onecanforeseethataftertherecentresearchresultbasedonevidence,___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adiseasethatcanbecaughtbyababy

B.asyndromethatcourtsusetochargeadefendantforababy’sdeath

C.asyndromethatdoctorslookattodeterminethecauseofababy’sdeath

D.anewdiscovery

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thebabywaslessthanoneyearold

B.retinalhemorrhaging

C.subduralhematoma

D.cerebraledema

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

B.thepreviousconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBSwasnotcorrect

C.theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinadifferentresult

D.themedicalliteraturepublishedafter1998containedadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theprosecutionofSBSdefendantwillnolongerexist

B.thepastconvictionofSBSwilldefinitelybeannouncedtobeerror

C.therewillprobablybechallengetopastconvictionforcorrection

D.doctorsaregoingtoabandonthetermSBS

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】83.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段第一句Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三聯(lián)征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.（作為一個(gè)絕對(duì)的問(wèn)題，嬰兒搖晃綜合征的科學(xué)不再支持在三聯(lián)征案件中無(wú)可置疑地找到證據(jù)——這些案件代表了大量SBS起訴）以及最后一段Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.（將循證框架應(yīng)用于SBS文獻(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)顯著的決定：1998年之前出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含了不充分的科學(xué)證據(jù)，無(wú)法就與SBS有關(guān)的因果關(guān)系、診斷、治療或任何其他問(wèn)題的大多數(shù)方面得出堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論）可知SBS是用來(lái)控訴被告造成嬰兒死亡的一種綜合征，選B選項(xiàng)“法庭用來(lái)指控被告造成嬰兒死亡的一種綜合癥”；A選項(xiàng)“一種可以被嬰兒傳染的疾病”，B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生通過(guò)觀察確定嬰兒死亡原因的一種綜合癥”和D選項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)”原文未涉及，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

84.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段第一句Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(視網(wǎng)膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血腫),andcerebraledema(腦水腫)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.（在過(guò)去，僅僅存在視網(wǎng)膜出血、硬膜下血腫和腦水腫就被認(rèn)為是嬰兒受到了足夠大的震動(dòng)，產(chǎn)生了所謂的鞭打力）可知B選項(xiàng)“視網(wǎng)膜出血”，C選項(xiàng)“硬膜下血腫”以及D選項(xiàng)“腦水腫”這些癥狀的存在使醫(yī)生相信嬰兒被用力搖晃，不符合題意，排除；A選項(xiàng)“嬰兒不到一歲”原文未涉及，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

85.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS（1998年之前出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含了不充分的科學(xué)證據(jù)，無(wú)法就與SBS有關(guān)的因果關(guān)系、診斷、治療或任何其他問(wèn)題的大多數(shù)方面得出堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論）可知A選項(xiàng)“1998年以前出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含不充分的科學(xué)證據(jù)，無(wú)法得出確定的結(jié)論”和B選項(xiàng)“先前關(guān)于與SBS有關(guān)的因果關(guān)系、診斷、治療或任何其他問(wèn)題的大多數(shù)方面的結(jié)論是不正確的”描述正確，最后一段開(kāi)頭Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination（將循證框架應(yīng)用于SBS文獻(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)顯著的決定），結(jié)合下文可知這個(gè)顯著的決定和以往的內(nèi)容不同，因此C選項(xiàng)“將循證框架應(yīng)用于SBS文獻(xiàn)產(chǎn)生了不同的結(jié)果”描述正確；D選項(xiàng)“1998年之后出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含了足夠的科學(xué)證據(jù)來(lái)得出堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論”在最后一段未提及，屬于過(guò)度推斷。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

86.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.（簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，這里的變化增加了過(guò)去錯(cuò)誤的真正可能性）以及最后一段最后一句themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS（1998年之前出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含了不充分的科學(xué)證據(jù)，無(wú)法就與SBS有關(guān)的因果關(guān)系、診斷、治療或任何其他問(wèn)題的大多數(shù)方面得出堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論）可知最近的研究結(jié)果可能會(huì)讓過(guò)去的定罪產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑，選C選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)對(duì)過(guò)去的定罪提出質(zhì)疑”，A選項(xiàng)“SBS被告的起訴將不復(fù)存在”和B選項(xiàng)“SBS過(guò)去的定罪肯定會(huì)被宣布為錯(cuò)誤”屬于過(guò)度推斷，排除；第三段Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace...（雖然沒(méi)有一個(gè)單獨(dú)的術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)代替它……）只能推斷出沒(méi)有另外的術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)代替SBS，無(wú)法得知SBS是否會(huì)被醫(yī)生放棄，D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生們將放棄術(shù)語(yǔ)SBS”不符合原文，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

VII.EconomicLaw

InsideinformationintheU.S.is“materialnonpublicinformation”.Theproblemis,allinformationtosomeextentisnon-public.Allinformationisatoncematerialtosomeinvestorstoacertainextentbutirrelevanttootherinvestorstoacertainextent.

Federallegislationdoesnotdefineinsideinformation.Definitionshavearisenthroughcontroversialcaselaw.However,insideinformationcanneverbecompletelydefinedbecauseallinformationis,tovaryingdegrees,nonpublic.UnlikeECMH,arealisticassumptionisthatmostinformationisunknownandoftenunknowableaswell.Forexample,mostpeopledonotknowgenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciples.Yet,theGAAParewellestablishedandquitenecessarytoasolidfundamentalanalysisofanystock.IsGAAPinsideinformation?Areaccountants“insiders”?Dotheyhavean“unfair”tradingadvantage—fortheirknowledgeoffundamentalanalysisofstockvalues(ratios)doesinfactgivethematradingadvantageasWarrenBuffetexemplifies.Werightlydonotpunishaccountantsfortheirexpertise.Yettheirexpertiseisbasedonathoroughknowledgeofexactlythetypeofinformationthatisregardedas“inside”!

Theuntenabilityofthe“inside”informationdistinctionbecomesclearifwelookatinsidertradingfromtheperspectiveofinformationtheory.Information,likeanyproduct,hasalifecycle.Allinformationstartsitslifecycleas“unknown”.Informationatfirstisknownbynoone.Informationissomehowdiscoveredorinvented.Thenitis“knownonlybyafew”.Wemightcallthesepersons“insiders”andthelawsometimesdoes.This“inside”informationovertimeisdisseminatedataratecorrespondingtoitsvalue.Whendoestheinformationstopbeing“inside”andstartbeing“public”?Ithinkthatquestionisunanswerable.Inanyevent,onceaninformationbecomeswidelydisseminatedithaslittlevalue.Thevalueof“inside”informationexistsbecauseitisrare—likeanyproduct“rare”informationhasgreatervaluethan“common”information.Anditistheveryvalueofapieceofinformationthatencouragesitsdissemination.Outlawinguseof“inside”informationisaverygoodwaytoslowdownitspublication.Innoothermarketdowepunishthosewhowouldprofitfromtheirknowledge.Infact,inafewmarkets—patents,trademarksandcopyrights—thelawactuallymakesinformationmonopolies.Thevalueof“insider”informationdetermineshowrapidlyandtowhomtheinformationflows.Whenthelawimposesrestrictionsontheuseofinsiderinformationitisdistortingmarketprocesses,restrictinginformationflowandgeneratesmarketinefficiency.

75.Accordingtotheauthor,thevalueoftheinformationdependson___.

76.Thedescriptionthatthelifecycleofinformationstartsfrom“unknown”to“knownonlybyafew”,thento“public”isfollowingthe___.

77.Weonlypunishthosewhowouldprofitfromtheirknowledgein___market.

78.Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthorwantstotellthereadersthat___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetypeoftheinformation

B.thespeedofitsdissemination

C.thelegalrestriction

D.itsrareness

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.statutoryrules

B.marketoperation

C.informationtheory

D.productlifecycle

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.intellectualproperties

B.securities

C.accounting

D.generalproduct

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.“insideinformation”isdifficulttobedefined

B.allinformationtosomeextentisnon-public,thus“inside”

C.theaccountantsknowledgeofGAAPcanalsobe“insideinformation”

D.Allinformationismaterialforsomeinvestorsbutirrelevantorknowntootherinvestors

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】75.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到原文第二段Thevalueof“inside”informationexistsbecauseitisrare—likeanyproduct“rare”informationhasgreatervaluethan“common”information.（“內(nèi)部”信息的價(jià)值之所以存在，是因?yàn)樗窍∮械摹拖袢魏萎a(chǎn)品一樣，“稀有”信息比“普通”信息的價(jià)值更大）可知信息的價(jià)值取決于它的稀有程度，選D選項(xiàng)“稀有”；第二段Inanyevent,onceaninformationbecomeswidelydisseminatedithaslittlevalue.（無(wú)論如何，一旦信息被廣泛傳播，它就沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值）可知是傳播范圍越廣，信息就越?jīng)]有價(jià)值，和傳播速度無(wú)關(guān)，B選項(xiàng)“它傳播的速度”屬于過(guò)度推測(cè)，排除；A選項(xiàng)“信息的類型”和C選項(xiàng)“法律限制”和原文不符，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

76.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Information,likeanyproduct,hasalifecycle.（信息和任何產(chǎn)品一樣，都有一個(gè)生命周期）可以推測(cè)出信息的生命周期和產(chǎn)品的生命周期相似，選D選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品生命周期”；A選項(xiàng)“法定規(guī)則”，B選項(xiàng)“市場(chǎng)運(yùn)行”以及C選項(xiàng)“信息理論”和原文不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

77.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Innoothermarketdowepunishthosewhowouldprofitfromtheirknowledge.Infact,inafewmarkets—patents,trademarksandcopyrights—thelawactuallymakesinformationmonopolies.（在其他任何市場(chǎng)，我們都不會(huì)懲罰那些從他們的知識(shí)中獲利的人。事實(shí)上，在一些市場(chǎng)——專利、商標(biāo)和版權(quán)——法律實(shí)際上造成了信息壟斷）可知在其他市場(chǎng)，依靠知識(shí)獲利不會(huì)被懲罰，但是在“專利、商標(biāo)和版權(quán)”這樣的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)下，法律形成了壟斷，即法律會(huì)保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，會(huì)懲罰那些用他們的知識(shí)在知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)市場(chǎng)上獲利的人，選A選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)”；第二段Werightlydonotpunishaccountantsfortheirexpertise.（我們不應(yīng)該因?yàn)闀?huì)計(jì)師的專業(yè)知識(shí)而懲罰他們）可知C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)計(jì)”是不會(huì)被懲罰，排除；B選項(xiàng)“證券”以及D選項(xiàng)“通用產(chǎn)品”原文未涉及，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

78.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中心句InsideinformationintheU.S.is“materialnonpublicinformation”.Theproblemis,allinformationtosomeextentisnon-public.（在美國(guó)，內(nèi)部信息是“重要的非公開(kāi)信息”。問(wèn)題是，所有的信息在某種程度上都是非公開(kāi)的）可知所有的消息在某種程度上都是“非公開(kāi)的”，所以很難定義內(nèi)部消息。以及第二段中心句Federallegislationdoesnotdefineinsideinformation…However,insideinformationcanneverbecompletelydefinedbecauseallinformationis,tovaryingdegrees,nonpublic.（聯(lián)邦立法沒(méi)有對(duì)內(nèi)幕信息進(jìn)行定義……然而，內(nèi)幕信息永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法被完全定義，因?yàn)樗械男畔⒃诓煌潭壬隙际欠枪_(kāi)的）可知第二段還是在強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)部信息是無(wú)法完全被定義的，因?yàn)樗械男畔⒃诓煌潭壬隙际欠枪_(kāi)的，則選A選項(xiàng)“‘內(nèi)幕消息’很難定義”；B選項(xiàng)“所有信息在某種程度上是非公開(kāi)的，因此是‘內(nèi)部的’”和第一二段的邏輯關(guān)系不符，B選項(xiàng)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)信息在某種程度上非公開(kāi)導(dǎo)致是“內(nèi)部消息”，但是一二段強(qiáng)調(diào)信息在某種程度上非公開(kāi)導(dǎo)致“內(nèi)部消息”無(wú)法被定義，B選項(xiàng)排除；C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)計(jì)知識(shí)的GAAP也可以是‘內(nèi)部信息’”是第二段的片面內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)“所有信息對(duì)某些投資者來(lái)說(shuō)是重要的，但對(duì)其他投資者來(lái)說(shuō)是無(wú)關(guān)的或已知的”是第一段的片面內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)都是以偏概全，排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thislaw___thenumberofaccidentscausedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intendsreducing

B.intendstobereduced

C.isintendedtoreduce

D.isintendedreducing

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。本句主語(yǔ)為Thislaw，賓語(yǔ)為：thenumberofaccidents，causedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)修飾先行詞accidents，定語(yǔ)中包含了一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，句意：這項(xiàng)法律___兒童下車時(shí)跑過(guò)馬路造成的事故數(shù)量。由基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處需要填入謂語(yǔ)，intend“打算；想要；意指”，結(jié)合主語(yǔ)，法律不會(huì)主動(dòng)做某事，可至空格需要填入被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除A，B；最后根據(jù)固定搭配intendtodosth.“想要做；想要做某事”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

To___freedomagainsttyranny,ourfatherslaiddowntheserules.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.assure

D.fulfill

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“保證，確保（側(cè)重使人相信某個(gè)行為或力量產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果）；使安全”；B選項(xiàng)guarantee“保證；擔(dān)保（指對(duì)事物的品質(zhì)或人的行為及履行義務(wù)、義務(wù)等承擔(dān)責(zé)任的保證）”；C選項(xiàng)assure“保證；擔(dān)保（側(cè)重指消除某人思想上的懷疑或擔(dān)心，從而有達(dá)到目的的保證感）；使確信；弄清楚”；D選項(xiàng)fulfill“履行；實(shí)現(xiàn)；滿足；使結(jié)束”。句意：為了___反對(duì)暴政的自由，我們的先輩制定了這些規(guī)則。本句側(cè)重表達(dá)“確保達(dá)到反對(duì)暴政的自由這一目的”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Weare___facedwiththenecessitytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowerstandardofliving.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)readily“容易地；樂(lè)意地；無(wú)困難地”；B選項(xiàng)smoothly“平穩(wěn)地；平滑地；順利地；流暢地；平靜地；均勻地”；C選項(xiàng)inevitably“不可避免地；必然地”；D選項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地；緩慢而謹(jǐn)慎地”。句意：我們___要認(rèn)識(shí)到有更多的人就意味著更低的生活水平。本句表達(dá)“不可避免地認(rèn)識(shí)到”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Ⅲ.TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUnitedStates.Pursuanttosection102，copyrightprotectionsubsistsuponsatisfactionofthreeconditions:first,aworkmustbean“originalworkofauthorship”;second,theworkmustbe“fixedinanytangiblemediumofexpression”;andthird,theworkmustcomewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyright.Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorship.Tobeoriginal,aworkmustbeindependentlycreated(asopposedtocopiedfromotherworks)andpossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”.Itisobviousthatlivesportstelecastsareindependentcreations,ratherthanreproductionsofearlierworks.Thecreativityelementisjustaseasilysatisfied.Courtslonghaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors.Inthecontextoffilmingsports,thedecisions“concerningcameraangles,typesofshots,theuseofinstantreplaysandsplitscreens,andshotselectionsimilarlysupplythecreativityrequiredforthecopyrightabilityofthetelecasts”.Sportstelecastsarefixedinatangiblemediumofexpression.Additionally,itisofnoconsequencethattheselivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission.Section101expresslyprovidesthat“aworkconsistingofsounds,images,orboth,thatarebeingtransmitted,is‘fixed’…ifafixationoftheworkisbeingmadesimultaneouslywithitstransmission”.Sincethetelecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated,thetelecastsarefixedintangibleform.

Sportstelecastsarewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyrightasan“audiovisualwork”.TheCopyrightActnotesseveraltypesofsubjectmatterthatiscopyrightable,ofwhich“audiovisualworks”isoneofthecategories.Tobesatisfiedasanaudiovisualwork,theworkinquestionmustconsistofaseriesofrelatedimagesshownbytheuseofmachinesordeviceswithaccompanyingsounds.Fromthisdefinition,thereisnodoubtthatsportstelecastsarewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyright.Sinceitisclearlyestablishedthatsportstelecasts,eventhosetransmittedonalivebasis,arecopyrightedworks,thenextissueisownershipofthecopyright.

ThisissuewasfirstaddressedinPittsburghAthleticCo.v.KQVBroadcastingCo.,albeitadecisionundertheoldcopyrightregime.InasuitforaninjunctionagainstKQVBroadcastingforinterferingwithGeneralMills’exclusivecontracttobroadcastPiratesgamesovertheradio,thecourtruledthatthebaseballteamhadapropertyrighttocontrolthenewsofgamesbybroadcasting.

1.Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorshipbecause___.

2.SportstelecastsarefixedintangibleformNOTbecause___.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectaccordingtotheparagraphs?

4.Themostsuitabletitlefortheseparagraphsis___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theypossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”

B.theyarereproductionsofearlierworks

C.thecreativityelementiseasilysatisfied

D.thedecisionoffilmingsportsconcernsmanyelements

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.telecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated

B.Itisofnoconsequencethatlivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission

C.Courtshaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors

D.Section101oftheCopyrightActexpresslyprovidesso

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUS.

B.Oneofthethreeconditionsforcopyrightprotectionisfixation.

C.Telecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated.

D.Sportstelecasts,iftransmittedonalivebasis,arenotcopyrightedworks.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.CasesInvolvingSportsTelecastsProtection

B.CopyrightabilityofSportsTelecasts

C.ConditionsforCopyrightProtection

D.SportsTelecastsarenotCopyrightable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorship.Tobeoriginal,aworkmustbeindependentlycreated(asopposedtocopiedfromotherworks)andpossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”.Itisobviousthatlivesportstelecastsareindependentcreations,ratherthanreproductionsofearlierworks.（體育電視節(jié)目是原創(chuàng)作品。原創(chuàng)作品必須是獨(dú)立創(chuàng)作的（而不是從其他作品中復(fù)制），并且至少擁有“最低程度的創(chuàng)造力”。很明顯，體育直播節(jié)目是獨(dú)立的創(chuàng)作，而不是對(duì)早期作品的復(fù)制）可知選A選項(xiàng)“他們至少擁有‘最低程度的創(chuàng)造力’”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“他們是早期作品的復(fù)制品”錯(cuò)誤；第一段Thecreativityelementisjustaseasilysatisfied.（創(chuàng)造性元素同樣很容易得到滿足）可知C選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)意元素很容易得到滿足”有在原文提及，但并不是體育電視節(jié)目是原創(chuàng)作品的原因，不符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“拍攝體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的決定涉及到很多因素”不符合