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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Shegavehimbackthemoneyshe’dstolenforthesakeofher___
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.conscientious
B.consciousness
C.conscious
D.conscience
【答案】D
【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conscientious“認(rèn)真的;盡責(zé)的;本著良心的;小心謹(jǐn)慎的”;B選項(xiàng)consciousness“意識(shí);知覺(jué);覺(jué)悟;感覺(jué)”;C選項(xiàng)conscious“意識(shí)到的;故意的;神志清醒的”;D選項(xiàng)conscience“道德心,良心”。句意:為了她的___,她把偷來(lái)的錢還給了他。本句表達(dá)“為了她的良心(為了問(wèn)心無(wú)愧)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
2.翻譯題
2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)
王毅表示,我們對(duì)美國(guó)有可能在韓部署薩德(THAAD)反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)向表示嚴(yán)重關(guān)切。薩德反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)覆蓋范圍,特別是其X波段雷達(dá)(X-Bandradar)監(jiān)測(cè)范圍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出半島防衛(wèi)需求,深入亞洲大陸腹地,不僅將直接損害中國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略安全利益,也將損害本地區(qū)其他國(guó)家的安全利益。
【答案】Theproblemyoumentionedisveryimportant.WeshowgraveconcernsaboutthepossibledeploymentoftheTerminalHighAltitudeAreaDefense(THAAD)missiledefensesystembytheUSintheROK.ThecoverageoftheTHAADmissiledefensesystem,especiallythemonitoringrangeofitsX-bandradar,goesfarbeyondthedefenseneedoftheKoreanPeninsulaandwillreachdeepintotheAsianhinterland.ItwilldamagedirectlyChina’sstrategicsecurityinterestsandalsoharmsecurityinterestsofothercountriesintheregion.
3.單選題
Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin___tohisincome.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.comparison
B.proportion
C.association
D.calculation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)comparison“比較;對(duì)照;比喻;比較關(guān)系”;B選項(xiàng)proportion“比例,占比;部分;面積;均衡”;C選項(xiàng)association“協(xié)會(huì),聯(lián)盟,社團(tuán);聯(lián)合;聯(lián)想”;D選項(xiàng)calculation“計(jì)算;估計(jì);計(jì)算的結(jié)果;深思熟慮”。句意:他在假日和奢侈品上的支出與他的收入___相當(dāng)高。本句表達(dá)“在奢侈品上的支出和收入的比例”,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Arecentpollshowsthat,while81percentofcollegestudentsareeligibleforsomeformoffinancialaid,only63percentofthesestudentsare___suchaid.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.complainingabout
B.recipientsof
C.dissatisfiedwith
D.turneddownfor
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)complainingabout“投訴;對(duì)……抱怨”;B選項(xiàng)recipientsof“……的收件人;……的獲得者”;C選項(xiàng)dissatisfiedwith“對(duì)……不滿意”;D選項(xiàng)turneddownfor“為……減小,關(guān)小,調(diào)低/拒絕”。句意:最近的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查顯示,81%的大學(xué)生有資格獲得某種形式的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助,而這些學(xué)生中只有63%的人___這種援助。本句表示“只有63%的學(xué)生是這些援助的獲得者(只有63%的學(xué)生獲得這些援助)”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
5.單選題
IV.(CriminalLaw)
Theacrimoniousdebateovercapitalpunishmenthascontinuedforcenturies.Inrecentdecades,thedebatehasheatedupintheU.S.followingtheSupremeCourt-imposedmoratoriumoncapitalpunishment.Currently,severalstatesareconsideringachangeintheirpoliciesregardingthestatusofthedeathpenalty.Nebraska’slegislature,forexample,recentlypassedatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutions,whichwas,however,vetoedbythestate’sgovernor.Tenotherstateshaveatleastconsideredamoratoriumlastyear.ThegroupincludesOklahomawhoselegislaturewillsoonconsiderabillimposingatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutionsandestablishingataskforcetoresearchtheeffectivenessofcapitalpunishment.ThelegislatureinNebraskaandIllinoishasalsocalledforsimilarresearch.InMassachusetts,however,theHouseofRepresentativesvoteddownabillsupportedbythegovernortoreinstatethedeathpenalty.
Animportantissueinthisdebateiswhethercapitalpunishmentdetersmurders.Psychologistsandcriminologistswhoexaminedtheissueinitiallyreportednodeterrenteffect.EconomistsjoinedthedebatewiththepioneeringworkofEhrlich.Ehrlich’sregressionresults,usingU.S.aggregatetime-seriesfor1933-1969andstatelevelcross-sectionaldatafor1940and1950,suggestasignificantdeterrenteffect,whichsharplycontrastswithearlierfindings.ThepolicyimportanceoftheresearchinthisareaisborneoutbytheconsiderablepublicattentionthatEhrlich’sworkhasreceived.TheSolicitorGeneraloftheUnitedStates,forexample,introducedEhrlich’sfindingstotheSupremeCourt,insupportofcapitalpunishment.
CoincidingwiththeSupremeCourt’sdeliberation,ontheissue,Ehrlich’sfindinginspiredaninterestineconometricanalysisofdeterrence,leadingtomanystudiesthatusehisdatabutdifferentregressionspecifications—differentregressorsordifferentchoiceofendogenousvs.exogenousvariables.ThemixedfindingspromptedaseriesofsensitivityanalysesonEhrlich’sequations,reflectingafurtheremphasisonspecification.
Dataissues,ontheotherhand,havereceivedfarlessattention.Mostoftheexistingstudiesuseeithertime-seriesorcross-sectiondata.Thestudiesthatusenationaltime-seriesdataareaffectedbyanaggregationproblem.Anydeterrencefromanexecutionshouldaffectthecrimerateonlyintheexecutingstate.Aggregationdilutessuchdistincteffects.Crosssectionalstudiesarelesssensitivetothisproblem,buttheirstaticformulationprecludesanyconsiderationofthedynamicsofcrime,lawenforcement,andjudicialprocesses.Moreover,crosssectionalstudiesareaffectedbyunobservedheterogeneitywhichcannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation.
HashemDezhbakhshandPaulH.Rubin:“DoesCapitalPunishmentHaveaDeterrentEffect?”
63.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatintheUS___.
64.Whichofthefollowinggroupofpeoplethoughtthatcapitalpunishmenthadnodeterrenteffect?
65.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
66.Inthe4thparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.theexecutivebranchisinoppositeopinionwiththelegislatureatthestatelevelregardingdeathpenalty
B.severalstatesareconsideringreinstatethedeathpenalty
C.Oklahomadecidedtosuspenddeathpenaltyfortwoyears
D.somestates’legislaturehasalsocalledforresearchoncancellationofcapitalsentence
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Economistsandcriminologists
B.Psychologistsandcriminologists
C.Psychologistsandeconomists
D.EconomistsandEhrlich
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Ehrlich’sfindingcausedotherstoanalyzethedeterrenceeffectofdeathpenalty.
B.ManypeopleusedEhrlich’sdataintheiranalysisbutinadifferentway.
C.Thefindingofothers’researchwassimilar.
D.Ehrlichprovidedanequationinhisanalysis.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.crosssectionalstudiesaremoresensitivetoaggregation
B.time-seriesdataarenotinfluencedbyaggregation
C.unobservedheterogeneitycannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation
D.dataissuehadnotbeenpaidenoughattentionasitshouldbe
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
【解析】63.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段末ThelegislatureinNebraskaandIllinoishasalsocalledforsimilarresearch.InMassachusetts,however,theHouseofRepresentativesvoteddownabillsupportedbythegovernortoreinstatethedeathpenalty.(內(nèi)布拉斯加州和伊利諾伊州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)也呼吁進(jìn)行類似的研究。然而,在馬薩諸塞州,眾議院投票否決了州長(zhǎng)支持的恢復(fù)死刑的法案)可知行政部門與州一級(jí)的立法機(jī)關(guān)關(guān)于死刑的意見(jiàn)會(huì)有分歧,選A選項(xiàng)“在死刑問(wèn)題上,行政部門與州一級(jí)的立法機(jī)關(guān)持相反意見(jiàn)”,同時(shí)可知D選項(xiàng)“一些州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)也呼吁研究取消死刑”錯(cuò)誤,一些州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)不贊同取消;B選項(xiàng)“若干國(guó)家正在考慮恢復(fù)死刑”在第一段未涉及;第一段Tenotherstateshaveatleastconsideredamoratoriumlastyear.ThegroupincludesOklahomawhoselegislaturewillsoonconsiderabillimposingatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutionsandestablishingataskforcetoresearchtheeffectivenessofcapitalpunishment.(其他十個(gè)州去年也至少考慮過(guò)暫停。該組織包括俄克拉荷馬州,該州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)很快將考慮一項(xiàng)法案,要求暫停執(zhí)行死刑兩年,并成立一個(gè)特別工作組來(lái)研究死刑的有效性)可知C選項(xiàng)“俄克拉荷馬州決定死刑緩期兩年執(zhí)行”錯(cuò)誤,俄克拉荷馬州只是考慮,并不是決定執(zhí)行。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
64.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Psychologistsandcriminologistswhoexaminedtheissueinitiallyreportednodeterrenteffect.EconomistsjoinedthedebatewiththepioneeringworkofEhrlich.(最初研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題的心理學(xué)家和犯罪學(xué)家報(bào)告說(shuō)沒(méi)有威懾作用。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們以埃利希的開創(chuàng)性工作加入了這場(chǎng)辯論)可知最初是心理學(xué)家和犯罪學(xué)家報(bào)告說(shuō)沒(méi)有威懾作用,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們隨后加入辯論,選B選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家和犯罪學(xué)家”;A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和犯罪學(xué)家”,C選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家”以及D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和埃利?!辈环显?。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
65.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第一句CoincidingwiththeSupremeCourt’sdeliberation,ontheissue,Ehrlich’sfindinginspiredaninterestineconometricanalysisofdeterrence,leadingtomanystudiesthatusehisdatabutdifferentregressionspecifications—differentregressorsordifferentchoiceofendogenousvs.exogenousvariables.(與最高法院對(duì)該問(wèn)題的審議一致,埃利希的發(fā)現(xiàn)激發(fā)了對(duì)威懾的計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析的興趣,導(dǎo)致許多研究使用了他的數(shù)據(jù),但回歸規(guī)格不同——不同的回歸者或內(nèi)生變量與外生變量的不同選擇)可知A選項(xiàng)“埃利希的發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了其他人對(duì)死刑威懾效應(yīng)的分析”,B選項(xiàng)“很多人在他們的分析中使用了埃利希的數(shù)據(jù),但是是以不同的方式”正確;第三段第二句ThemixedfindingspromptedaseriesofsensitivityanalysesonEhrlich’sequations,reflectingafurtheremphasisonspecification.(這些研究結(jié)果綜合對(duì)埃利希的經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量公式進(jìn)行了靈敏度分析,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了參數(shù)的重要性)可知C選項(xiàng)“其他人的研究結(jié)果是相似的”錯(cuò)誤,并沒(méi)有說(shuō)其他人的研究結(jié)果是相似的,D選項(xiàng)“埃利希在他的分析中提供了一個(gè)方程”正確。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
66.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第一句Dataissues,ontheotherhand,havereceivedfarlessattention.(另一方面,數(shù)據(jù)問(wèn)題受到的關(guān)注要少得多)可知作者第一句話就表明觀點(diǎn)——研究分析中所利用的數(shù)據(jù)問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有被給予足夠的重視,接下來(lái)作者論述大多數(shù)現(xiàn)有的研究使用的都是時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)或截面數(shù)據(jù),這兩種數(shù)據(jù)都各有弊端,選D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)據(jù)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的重視”;第四段Crosssectionalstudiesarelesssensitivetothisproblem(橫斷面研究對(duì)這一問(wèn)題不太敏感)可知A選項(xiàng)“橫斷面研究對(duì)聚集更敏感”錯(cuò)誤;第四段Thestudiesthatusenationaltime-seriesdataareaffectedbyanaggregationproblem.(使用國(guó)家時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)的研究受到聚集問(wèn)題的影響)可知B選項(xiàng)“時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)不受聚合影響”錯(cuò)誤;第四段Moreover,crosssectionalstudiesareaffectedbyunobservedheterogeneitywhichcannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation.(此外,橫斷面研究受到未觀察到的異質(zhì)性的影響,這在沒(méi)有時(shí)間變化的情況下是無(wú)法控制的)可知C選項(xiàng)“在沒(méi)有時(shí)間變化的情況下,無(wú)法控制未觀察到的異質(zhì)性”邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.單選題
BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we___inEuropefortwoweeks.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.shallstay
B.havestayed
C.willhavestayed
D.havebeenstaying
【答案】C
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中使用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí),因此排除A,B,D選項(xiàng)。句意:當(dāng)你到達(dá)倫敦時(shí),我們將已經(jīng)在歐洲___兩周了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Thelocalbusinesswasnotmuch___bythesuddenoutbreakoftheepidemic.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.intervened
B.insulated
C.hampered
D.pampered
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intervened“介入(intervene的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞)”;B選項(xiàng)insulated“有隔熱(或隔音、絕緣)保護(hù)的”;C選項(xiàng)hampered“受阻礙的”;D選項(xiàng)pampered“飲食過(guò)量的;飲食奢侈的”。句意:這種流行病的突然爆發(fā)并沒(méi)有給當(dāng)?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)帶來(lái)多大的___。本句表達(dá)“當(dāng)?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)并沒(méi)有受阻礙”,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
8.翻譯題
2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)
英國(guó)食品安全機(jī)構(gòu)本周日稱,一年前,3個(gè)歐盟國(guó)家已經(jīng)得到關(guān)于馬肉問(wèn)題的通知。這些通知于2012年2月1日、15日和3月7日發(fā)出,通知特別指出了丹麥、匈牙利和意大利應(yīng)當(dāng)調(diào)查關(guān)于馬肉的問(wèn)題。它還在歐盟的食品和飼料快速警告系統(tǒng)中發(fā)布。
【答案】Britain’sfoodsafetyagencysaidonSundaythatthreeEuropeanUnioncountrieshadbeennotifiedaboutthehorsemeatproblemayearago.Thenotices,issuedon1February,15March2012and7March2012,specificallystatedthatDenmark,HungaryandItalyshouldinvestigatetheissueofhorsemeat.ItisalsopublishedintheEU’sRapidWarningsystemforfoodandfeed.
9.單選題
Ⅲ.TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUnitedStates.Pursuanttosection102,copyrightprotectionsubsistsuponsatisfactionofthreeconditions:first,aworkmustbean“originalworkofauthorship”;second,theworkmustbe“fixedinanytangiblemediumofexpression”;andthird,theworkmustcomewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyright.Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorship.Tobeoriginal,aworkmustbeindependentlycreated(asopposedtocopiedfromotherworks)andpossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”.Itisobviousthatlivesportstelecastsareindependentcreations,ratherthanreproductionsofearlierworks.Thecreativityelementisjustaseasilysatisfied.Courtslonghaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors.Inthecontextoffilmingsports,thedecisions“concerningcameraangles,typesofshots,theuseofinstantreplaysandsplitscreens,andshotselectionsimilarlysupplythecreativityrequiredforthecopyrightabilityofthetelecasts”.Sportstelecastsarefixedinatangiblemediumofexpression.Additionally,itisofnoconsequencethattheselivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission.Section101expresslyprovidesthat“aworkconsistingofsounds,images,orboth,thatarebeingtransmitted,is‘fixed’…ifafixationoftheworkisbeingmadesimultaneouslywithitstransmission”.Sincethetelecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated,thetelecastsarefixedintangibleform.
Sportstelecastsarewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyrightasan“audiovisualwork”.TheCopyrightActnotesseveraltypesofsubjectmatterthatiscopyrightable,ofwhich“audiovisualworks”isoneofthecategories.Tobesatisfiedasanaudiovisualwork,theworkinquestionmustconsistofaseriesofrelatedimagesshownbytheuseofmachinesordeviceswithaccompanyingsounds.Fromthisdefinition,thereisnodoubtthatsportstelecastsarewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyright.Sinceitisclearlyestablishedthatsportstelecasts,eventhosetransmittedonalivebasis,arecopyrightedworks,thenextissueisownershipofthecopyright.
ThisissuewasfirstaddressedinPittsburghAthleticCo.v.KQVBroadcastingCo.,albeitadecisionundertheoldcopyrightregime.InasuitforaninjunctionagainstKQVBroadcastingforinterferingwithGeneralMills’exclusivecontracttobroadcastPiratesgamesovertheradio,thecourtruledthatthebaseballteamhadapropertyrighttocontrolthenewsofgamesbybroadcasting.
1.Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorshipbecause___.
2.SportstelecastsarefixedintangibleformNOTbecause___.
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectaccordingtotheparagraphs?
4.Themostsuitabletitlefortheseparagraphsis___.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.theypossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”
B.theyarereproductionsofearlierworks
C.thecreativityelementiseasilysatisfied
D.thedecisionoffilmingsportsconcernsmanyelements
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.telecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated
B.Itisofnoconsequencethatlivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission
C.Courtshaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors
D.Section101oftheCopyrightActexpresslyprovidesso
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUS.
B.Oneofthethreeconditionsforcopyrightprotectionisfixation.
C.Telecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated.
D.Sportstelecasts,iftransmittedonalivebasis,arenotcopyrightedworks.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.CasesInvolvingSportsTelecastsProtection
B.CopyrightabilityofSportsTelecasts
C.ConditionsforCopyrightProtection
D.SportsTelecastsarenotCopyrightable
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorship.Tobeoriginal,aworkmustbeindependentlycreated(asopposedtocopiedfromotherworks)andpossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”.Itisobviousthatlivesportstelecastsareindependentcreations,ratherthanreproductionsofearlierworks.(體育電視節(jié)目是原創(chuàng)作品。原創(chuàng)作品必須是獨(dú)立創(chuàng)作的(而不是從其他作品中復(fù)制),并且至少擁有“最低程度的創(chuàng)造力”。很明顯,體育直播節(jié)目是獨(dú)立的創(chuàng)作,而不是對(duì)早期作品的復(fù)制)可知選A選項(xiàng)“他們至少擁有‘最低程度的創(chuàng)造力’”,同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“他們是早期作品的復(fù)制品”錯(cuò)誤;第一段Thecreativityelementisjustaseasilysatisfied.(創(chuàng)造性元素同樣很容易得到滿足)可知C選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)意元素很容易得到滿足”有在原文提及,但并不是體育電視節(jié)目是原創(chuàng)作品的原因,不符合題意;D選項(xiàng)“拍攝體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的決定涉及到很多因素”不符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Additionally,itisofnoconsequencethattheselivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission.Section101expresslyprovidesthat“aworkconsistingofsounds,images,orboth,thatarebeingtransmitted,is‘fixed’…ifafixationoftheworkisbeingmadesimultaneouslywithitstransmission”.Sincethetelecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated,thetelecastsarefixedintangibleform.(此外,這些直播的體育節(jié)目與它的傳輸同步是固定的,這是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的。第101節(jié)明確規(guī)定,“被傳送的由聲音、圖像或兩者組成的作品,是‘固定的’……如果對(duì)該作品的固定與它的傳送同時(shí)進(jìn)行”。由于比賽的轉(zhuǎn)播是在傳播的同時(shí)錄下的,所以轉(zhuǎn)播以有形的形式固定下來(lái))可知A選項(xiàng)“奧運(yùn)會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)播是在傳播的同時(shí)錄制的”,B選項(xiàng)“體育實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播與轉(zhuǎn)播同時(shí)固定是沒(méi)有關(guān)系的”以及D選項(xiàng)“版權(quán)法第101節(jié)明確規(guī)定”均是體育節(jié)目是固定的有形形式的原因;C選項(xiàng)“法院已經(jīng)承認(rèn)攝影和拍攝涉及創(chuàng)造性的努力”在第一段有提及Courtslonghaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors.(法院早就認(rèn)識(shí)到攝影和拍攝涉及創(chuàng)造性的努力),但并不是體育節(jié)目是固定的有形形式的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段最后一句Sinceitisclearlyestablishedthatsportstelecasts,eventhosetransmittedonalivebasis,arecopyrightedworks,thenextissueisownershipofthecopyright.(既然體育節(jié)目,即使是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)播的節(jié)目,都是受版權(quán)保護(hù)的,那么下一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是版權(quán)的歸屬問(wèn)題)可知D選項(xiàng)“體育節(jié)目,如果是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)播,則不屬于版權(quán)作品”和原文相悖;第一段第一句TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUnitedStates.(1976年的版權(quán)法是美國(guó)適用的聯(lián)邦版權(quán)法)可知A選項(xiàng)“1976年的版權(quán)法是美國(guó)適用的聯(lián)邦版權(quán)法”原文有提及;第一段second,theworkmustbe“fixedinanytangiblemediumofexpression”(第二,作品必須“固定在任何有形的表達(dá)媒介中”)可知B選項(xiàng)“版權(quán)保護(hù)的三個(gè)條件之一是固定”原文有提及;第一段最后一句Sincethetelecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated,thetelecastsarefixedintangibleform.(由于比賽的轉(zhuǎn)播是在傳播的同時(shí)錄下的,所以轉(zhuǎn)播以有形的形式固定下來(lái))可知C選項(xiàng)“比賽的轉(zhuǎn)播是在傳播的同時(shí)錄下來(lái)的”原文有提及。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
4.推理判斷題。本文圍繞著體育節(jié)目以及版權(quán)能力展開,選B選項(xiàng)“體育節(jié)目版權(quán)能力”;A選項(xiàng)“涉及體育節(jié)目保護(hù)的案件”以及C選項(xiàng)“版權(quán)保護(hù)條件”都是文章片面內(nèi)容,不足以概括整篇文章,排除;根據(jù)原文Sinceitisclearlyestablishedthatsportstelecasts,eventhosetransmittedonalivebasis,arecopyrightedworks,thenextissueisownershipofthecopyright.(既然體育節(jié)目,即使是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)播的節(jié)目,都是受版權(quán)保護(hù)的,那么下一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是版權(quán)的歸屬問(wèn)題)可知D選項(xiàng)“體育節(jié)目不受版權(quán)保護(hù)”明顯錯(cuò)誤,排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
Ireallywantedtosaysomethingatthemeeting,buteventually___fromit.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.prevented
B.restrained
C.refrained
D.restricted
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prevented“預(yù)防,防止;阻止”;B選項(xiàng)restrained“抑制,控制;約束;制止(多用于refrainfromdoingsth.指克制自己以避免做某事)”;C選項(xiàng)refrained“節(jié)制,克制(以防變得過(guò)于激烈、強(qiáng)硬或直白);避免;制止(通過(guò)拘留、上手銬等方式阻止囚犯等的暴力行為)(多用于restrainsb.fromdoingsth.)”;D選項(xiàng)restricted“限制,約束(使之不超過(guò)需要的范圍,如大小、規(guī)模等);限定(活動(dòng)或行為)”。句意:我真想在會(huì)上說(shuō)點(diǎn)什么,但最后還是___了。根據(jù)固定搭配restrainsb.fromdoingsth.可知本句表達(dá)“最后忍住了”,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.1inthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease“becausewedon’twalkanywhereanymore,”saidDr.H.RichardWeinerman,professorofmedicineandpublichealth.Dr.Weinerman’ssharpcriticismofautomobilecameinadiscussionofhumanenvironmentonYaleReports,aradioprogrambroadcastbyStationWTICinHartford,Connecticut.Theprogramopenedathree-partserieson“StayingAlive”.“Forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,theproblemofman’ssurvivalhastodowithhiscontrolofman-madedangers,”Dr.Weinermansaid.“Beforethis,theproblemhadbeenthecontrolofnaturaldangers.”
Relatingmanyofthesedangersoftheautomobile,ArthurW.Galston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningcarthatwould“l(fā)essensmogbyaverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewillingtogiveupmovingaboutthecountrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.“Americaseemsweddedtothemotorcar—everyfamilyhastohaveatleasttwo,andonehastobeaconvertiblewith300horsepower,”ProfessorGalstoncontinued.“Isthisthewayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecherishthesevalues?”
ForPaulB.Sears,professorofconservation,partoftheblamelieswith“asocietythatregardsprofitasasupremevalue,underthefalseideathatanythingthat’stechnicallypossibleis,therefore,ethicallyjustified”.ProfessorSearsalsocalledthecountry’sdependenceonitsmodernautomobile“l(fā)ousyeconomics”becauseofthelargehorsepowerusedsimply“movingonepersontowork”.ButheagreedthatAmericanshavepaintedthemselvesintoacomerbyallowingthenationaleconomytobecomesoreliantontheautomobileindustry.
AccordingtoDr.Weinerman,automobiles,notthefactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthesmoginAmericancities,andthesmogpresentsthepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,notduetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.“Withinanotherfivetotenyears,it’spossibletohaveanepidemicoflungcancerinacitylikeLosAngeles.Thisisanewphenomenoninhealthconcern,”hesaid.
Thesolution,hecontinued,is“nottofindalessdangerousfuel,butadifferentsystemofinner-citytransportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeenallowedtowitheranddegenerate,sothatifyoucan’twalktowhereyouwanttogo,youhavetohaveacarinmostcities,”heasserted.This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.
1.Themainideaofthisarticleisthat___.
2.Inparagraph2,ProfessorGalstonimpliesthat___.
3.Inparagraph3,ProfessorSearsimpliesthat___.
4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that___.
5.Dr.Weinermanwouldprobablyagreethat___,ifpublictransportationwereimproved.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Americansaretooattachedtotheircars
B.Americancarsruntoofastandconsumetoomuchfuel
C.theautomobileindustryhascausedallthistohappen
D.automobilesendangerboththeenvironmentandpeople
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.peoplearemoreinterestedinfastautomobilesthanintheirhealth
B.kerosene-burningcarswouldpollutetheenvironmentmoreseriouslythangasoline-burningenginesdo
C.Americansfeelmorecloselyconnectedtotheircarsthantotheenvironment
D.itisnotrightforeveryfamilytohaveatleasttwocars
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.technologyisalwaysgoodforpeople
B.technologyisnotalwaysgoodforpeople
C.financialprofitismoreimportantthantechnologicaladvancement
D.technologicaladvancementwillimprovefinancialprofit
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.afuellessdangerousthangasolinemustbefound
B.peopleshouldgetridoftheircarsandtakethebustowork
C.publictransportationshouldbeimprovedsothatpeoplecanbecomelessdependentupontheircarsforinner-citytransportation
D.theonlysolutiontothisproblemistobuildmorehighwaysandmoresubways
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.theinnercitymightimprove
B.themiddleclasswouldmovetothesuburbs
C.publicroadswouldgetworse
D.therewouldstillbeanurgentneedtobuildmorehighways
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。定位到原文第一段中心句ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.1inthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease…(三位耶魯大學(xué)教授在今晚的小組討論中一致認(rèn)為汽車是他們中的一位所說(shuō)的“這個(gè)國(guó)家的頭號(hào)公共衛(wèi)生敵人”。除了污染空氣和堵塞城市,汽車還與一半以上的致殘事故有關(guān),它們還會(huì)引發(fā)心臟病……),第一段第一句點(diǎn)名文章主題:汽車對(duì)人類和環(huán)境造成了傷害。接下來(lái)幾段圍繞這一中心展開,則選D選項(xiàng)“汽車危害環(huán)境和人”;A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人太依賴他們的汽車了”,B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)汽車跑得太快,消耗太多燃料”以及C選項(xiàng)“汽車工業(yè)導(dǎo)致了這一切的發(fā)生”都是片面內(nèi)容,不足以概括全文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Relatingmanyofthesedangersoftheautomobile,ArthurW.Galston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningcarthatwould“l(fā)essensmogbyaverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewillingtogiveupmovingaboutthecountrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.“Americaseemsweddedtothemotorcar—everyfamilyhastohaveatleasttwo,andonehastobeaconvertiblewith300horsepower,”ProfessorGalstoncontinued.“Isthisthewayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecherishthesevalues?”(生物學(xué)教授ArthurW.Galston在談到汽車的許多這些危險(xiǎn)時(shí)表示,制造一種燃燒煤油的汽車,“在很大程度上減少煙霧”是可能的。但他對(duì)美國(guó)人是否愿意放棄開著時(shí)速90英里的大型汽車在鄉(xiāng)間穿梭表示懷疑。高爾斯頓教授繼續(xù)說(shuō):“美國(guó)似乎已經(jīng)和汽車密不可分——每個(gè)家庭至少得有兩輛,其中一輛必須是一輛300馬力的敞篷車?!薄斑@是我們選擇的生活方式嗎,因?yàn)槲覀冋湎н@些價(jià)值?”)可知制造一種燃燒煤油的汽車,“在很大程度上減少煙霧”是可能的,但是從教授后面所說(shuō)的話可以看到美國(guó)人可能不愿意這樣做,不愿意為了環(huán)境減少用車或者改變一些用車習(xí)慣,則選C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人感覺(jué)與汽車的關(guān)系比與環(huán)境的關(guān)系更密切”;A選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)高速汽車比他們的健康更感興趣”,B選項(xiàng)“燃燒煤油的汽車比燃燒汽油的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)污染環(huán)境更嚴(yán)重”在原文未提及;D選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)家庭至少有兩輛車是不對(duì)的”,教授只是舉每個(gè)家庭有兩輛車的例子來(lái)證明自己所暗示的內(nèi)容:美國(guó)人感覺(jué)與汽車的關(guān)系更密切。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第一句ForPaulB.Sears,professorofconservation,partoftheblamelieswith“asocietythatregardsprofitasasupremevalue,underthefalseideathatanythingthat’stechnicallypossibleis,therefore,ethicallyjustified”.(對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)學(xué)教授PaulB.Sears來(lái)說(shuō),部分原因在于“一個(gè)將利潤(rùn)視為最高價(jià)值的社會(huì),存在著一種錯(cuò)誤的想法,即任何技術(shù)上可能的事情都因此在倫理上是正當(dāng)?shù)摹保┛芍xB選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)并不總是對(duì)人有好處”,PaulB.Sears教授認(rèn)為并不是技術(shù)上能實(shí)現(xiàn)的東西對(duì)人就是好的,同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤“科技總是對(duì)人有好處”,和原文相悖;C選項(xiàng)“財(cái)務(wù)利潤(rùn)比技術(shù)進(jìn)步更重要”,D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)進(jìn)步將提高財(cái)政利潤(rùn)”未在文章內(nèi)提及。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段Thesolution,hecontinued,is“nottofindalessdangerousfuel,butadifferentsystemofinner-citytransportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeenallowedtowitheranddegenerate,sothatifyoucan’twalktowhereyouwanttogo,youhavetohaveacarinmostcities,”heasserted.This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.(他接著說(shuō),解決辦法是“不是找到一種危險(xiǎn)性較小的燃料,而是一種不同的市內(nèi)交通系統(tǒng)。由于汽車的使用越來(lái)越多,公共交通已經(jīng)被允許萎縮和退化,因此,如果你不能步行到你想去的地方,你必須在大多數(shù)城市有一輛車,”他斷言。Dr.Weinerman認(rèn)為,這反過(guò)來(lái)又是造成公共道路“動(dòng)脈硬化”的原因,也是造成市中心衰敗和中產(chǎn)階級(jí)向郊區(qū)遷移的原因)可知Dr.Weinerman認(rèn)為目前的市內(nèi)交通系統(tǒng)不合適,會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們更偏向于選擇汽車,而這又會(huì)造成公共道路“動(dòng)脈硬化”,解決方法不是找到一種危險(xiǎn)性較小的燃料,而是改善目前的公共交通,選C選項(xiàng)“公共交通應(yīng)該得到改善,這樣人們就可以減少在市內(nèi)交通中對(duì)汽車的依賴”,同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“必須找到一種比汽油危險(xiǎn)小的燃料”錯(cuò)誤,B選項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該擺脫他們的汽車,乘公共汽車去上班”邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤,根據(jù)Dr.Weinerman的話,我們可知目前情況,公共交通不改善的話人們并不愿意擺脫汽車;D選項(xiàng)“解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的唯一辦法是修建更多的高速公路和地鐵”屬于過(guò)度推斷。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.(Dr.Weinerman認(rèn)為,這反過(guò)來(lái)又是造成公共道路“動(dòng)脈硬化”的原因,也是造成市中心衰敗和中產(chǎn)階級(jí)向郊區(qū)遷移的原因)可知Dr.Weinerman認(rèn)為如果公共交通得到改善,市中心的情況會(huì)改善,中產(chǎn)階級(jí)可能不會(huì)一致向郊區(qū)遷移,選A選項(xiàng)“市中心可能會(huì)改善”,同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)將搬到郊區(qū)”不符合原文;C選項(xiàng)“公共道路會(huì)變得更糟”未在原文中提及;D選項(xiàng)“仍然迫切需要建造更多的高速公路”過(guò)度推斷,排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys___togotoschool.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.tobeencouraged
B.beenencouraged
C.beingencouraged
D.beencourage
【答案】C
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞with可引出分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),表示一種陪襯性動(dòng)作或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。A選項(xiàng):動(dòng)詞不定式常作目的狀語(yǔ)或表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,不能引出陪襯性動(dòng)作;B選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)這兩種形式不屬于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,排除;C選項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在分詞表示陪襯性動(dòng)作,符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Onedifficulty___thecomponentsofeconomicmovementsliesinthefactthatthosecomponentsarenotcompletelyindependentofoneanother.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.ofisolation
B.inisolating
C.willisolate
D.toisolate
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Onedifficulty為主語(yǔ),liesin謂語(yǔ),thefact賓語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,___thecomponentsofeconomicmovements為定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)。本句已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,則C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,C選項(xiàng)代入句子中會(huì)在一個(gè)句子內(nèi)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ),導(dǎo)致句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤;difficulty后常接“in+v-ing”作定語(yǔ),in有時(shí)可省去,不用動(dòng)詞不定式,則排除A,D選項(xiàng)。句意:孤立經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的各個(gè)組成部分的一個(gè)困難在于,這些組成部分并不是完全相互獨(dú)立的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
14.翻譯題
PartI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(25分)
WhenIemphasizethedifferencebetweenlawandmoralsIdosowithreferencetoasingleend,thatoflearningandunderstandingthelaw.Forthatpurposeyoumustdefinitelymasteritsspecificmarks,anditisforthatthatIaskyouforthemomenttoimagineyourselvesindifferenttootherandgreaterthings.
【答案】在我強(qiáng)調(diào)法律與道德之區(qū)別的時(shí)候,我只有一個(gè)目的,那就是學(xué)習(xí)并領(lǐng)會(huì)法律。為了這個(gè)目的,你們必須明確地掌握法律特定的標(biāo)識(shí),也為了同樣的目的,我請(qǐng)你們暫時(shí)想象你們自己并不關(guān)心其他更重要的事情。
15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
I.(LegalHistory)
Thepoliticalinstitutionsthatwerefirst,establishedintheQinDynastyhadseveralimportantfeaturesthatlastedforalmosttwothousandyearsinChina.Thefirstisstrongemphasisontherulebylaw(byalargeandrelativelyefficientbureaucracy)butwithlittleconstraintontheemperor.Second,politicaldictatorshipbasedonideologicalmonopoly.Third,localgovernmentsareorganizedinasystemcalledprefecturesandcounties.Thefourthfeatureisthepersonnelsystemforpublicofficesthatreliedfirstonrecommendationandthenonstandardexams.
“AUthingsaredeterminedbytheemperornomattertheyaresmallorbig”,soconcludedan
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