2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號26

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Mr.Mortongradually（

）theknowledgeofthesubject.

問題1選項

A.attained

B.required

C.acquired

D.enquired

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項attain“達到，實現(xiàn)”；B選項require“要求”；C選項acquire“獲得，學到”；D選項enquire“詢問”。句意：Morton先生漸漸掌握了這門課程的知識。選項C更符合語境。

2.翻譯題

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Thenextsourceoflawthathastobeconsiderediscaselaw,theeffectivecreationandrefinementoflawinthecourseofjudicialdecisions.ItshouldberememberedthattheUnitedKingdom'slawisstillacommonlawsystemandeveniflegislationisofeverincreasingimportance,thesignificanceandeffectivenessofjudicialcreativityshouldnotbediscounted.Judicialdecisionsareasourceoflawthroughtheoperationofthedoctrineofjudicialprecedents.Thisprocessdependsontheestablishedhierarchyofthecourts,andoperatesinsuchawaythatgenerallyacourtisboundbytheratiodecidendiorruleoflawimplicitinthedecisionofacourtaboveitinthehierarchyandusuallybyacourtofequalstandinginthehierarchy.Wherestatutelawdoescoveraparticularareaorwherethelawissilentgenerallyitwillbenecessaryforacourtdecidingcasesrelatingtosuchanareatodeterminewhatthelawisand,insodoing,thatcourtwillinescapablyandunarguablybecreatinglaw.Thescopeforjudicialcreativityshouldnotbeunderestimatedanditshouldberememberedthatthetaskofinterpretingtheactualmeaningoflegislationinparticularcasesalsofallsinthejudiciaryandprovidesitwithafurtherimportantareaofdiscretionaiycreativity.

Thecharacteristicterritorialunitservedbytheprosecutor’sofficeisthecounty:inafewstates,largerdistricts,composedofseveralcounties,arefound.Manycountieshavesolittlecriminalbusiness(otherthanminorviolationsprosecutedbylocalorstatepolicewithouttheaidoftheprosecutor)that,evenwhenthecivillitigationtowhichthecountyisaparty,aswellasothercountylegalwork,areaddedtotheprosecutor’sfunctions,astheycommonlyare,thepostofcountyattorneyisstillonlyapart-timeonewithcompensationofteninadequatetoattractisstillonlyapart-timeonewithcompensationofteninadequatetoattracttheestablishedlawyersofthecounty.Thepostthustendstofalltoapoliticallyactiveyounglawyerstillengagedinbuildinghispractice;anditisnotsurprisingthatheoftentendstoregarditasprimarilyashort-termmeansofprofessionalorpoliticaladvancement.Underthesecircumstances,anythinglikeacareerofficial’sapproachtotheofficeisunlikely.Thecurewouldseemtobeinplacingtheprosecutor'sofficeonadistrictinsteadofacountybasis,thedistrictbeinglargeenoughtowarrantafull-timeprosecutorwithadequatecompensationandadequatestaff.

【答案】下一個要考慮的法律來源是判例法，它是在司法判決的過程中對法律有效創(chuàng)新和完善。我們應該牢記，英國的法律仍然是普通法體系，所以即使立法日益重要，司法創(chuàng)新的意義和有效性卻不容低估。司法判決成為法源，貫穿整個司法判例教義的執(zhí)行過程中。這樣的過程依賴于己建立的法院層級體系，而且以這樣的方式運作，即通常某個法院受到隱含于這個層級體系中上級法院的判決中的判決依據(jù)和法律條文的約朿，而且也一般受到這個層級體系中同等地位的法院的約束。法院有必要，在處理涉及法令沒有包含的特殊領域或法律通常沒有記載的領域的案件吋，決定適用的法律并執(zhí)行。這就是法院正在對法律進行創(chuàng)新，而這是法院無法逃避也無可爭辯的職責。我們不應該低估司法創(chuàng)新的適用范圍，且應該牢記，在特定的情況下，法律的解釋任務也會落在司法機關身上，因此，我們要給予司法機關在重要領域內的自由裁量權。

檢察院所管轄的特殊區(qū)域包括各州、區(qū)的縣。許多縣的犯罪活動較少，一些輕微違法行為，直接由當?shù)鼗蛑菥炱鹪V，無須檢方介入。全縣作為訴訟主體的民事訴訟以及其它縣的法律事務波納入檢察官的職責范圍之內。通常情況下，縣檢察官一職為兼職，所以微薄的薪水不足以留住他們。同樣微薄的薪酬對現(xiàn)有的縣級律師同樣沒有吸引力。因此，這一崗位易于淪為思想活躍、有政治野心的年輕律師職業(yè)生涯的奠基石。經常有年輕的律師把它看成是其專業(yè)水平提升與政治地位晉升的一種主要的短線戰(zhàn)略手段，這一現(xiàn)象并不奇怪。在這樣的背景之下，任何人想通過這一方式進入到政府機關都是不大可能的。改善這一現(xiàn)狀的辦法就是將人員安置在區(qū)檢察院而不是縣級檢察院。因為區(qū)檢察院的檢察官是全職人員，有不錯的薪酬，有足夠的工作人員。

3.單選題

Itwouldbe（

）toarriveataconclusionnow.

問題1選項

A.premier

B.premature

C.preliminary

D.prior

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項premier“首要的”；B選項premature“不成熟的，早產的”；C選項preliminary“初步的，開始的”；D選項prior“優(yōu)先的”。句意：現(xiàn)在下結論還為時過早。選項B符合句意。

4.單選題

Itisa（

）thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.

問題1選項

A.debate

B.dispute

C.dilemma

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項debate“辯論，討論”；B選項dispute“辯論，爭吵”；C選項dilemma“困境，進退兩難”；D選項paradox“悖論，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：在如此富裕的國家竟然有那么多窮人，這是一個多么矛盾的事情。選項D符合句意。

5.單選題

（

）bytheheavyclothes,hefailedtojumpontothemediumsizedtable.

問題1選項

A.Hampered

B.Prevented

C.Facilitated

D.Encountered

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項Hamper“妨礙，束縛”；B選項Prevent“預防，阻止”；C選項Facilitate“促進，幫助”；D選項Encounter“遭遇，邂逅”。句意：受到厚衣服的束縛，他沒能跳上中等大小的桌子。選項A符合語境。

6.單選題

Towhatextentwillfuturescientificdiscoveriesmakepossiblethe（

）ofthehumanlifespan?

問題1選項

A.increase

B.prolongation

C.expansion

D.growth

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項increase“增加”；B選項prolongation“延伸”；C選項expansion“闡述”；D選項growth“成長”。句意：未來的科學發(fā)現(xiàn)能在多大程度上延長人類的壽命?選項B符合句意。

7.單選題

His（

）bookwilldealwithindustrialrelations.

問題1選項

A.actual

B.forthcoming

C.prompt

D.eventual

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項actual“實際的”；B選項forthcoming“即將來臨的”；C選項prompt“敏捷的，迅速的”；D選項eventual“最終的”。句意：他即將出版的書將論述勞資關系。選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

Scientistsconcludedthatnonsmokerswhomust（

）inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmokersmaysuffermorethanthesmokersthemselves.

問題1選項

A.involuntarily

B.instantaneously

C.spontaneously

D.reluctantly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項involuntarily“不自覺地，偶然地”；B選項instantaneously“突如其來地”；C選項spontaneously“自發(fā)地”；D選項reluctantly“不情愿地”。句意：科學家得出的結論：不吸煙的人如果不情愿地吸入被吸煙者污染的空氣，可能會比吸煙者自己更痛苦。選項D符合句意。

9.翻譯題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorecrazy,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科技和技術的進步正在使我們能夠去了解宇宙最遠的地方、物質最基本的成分和生命的奇跡。

與此同時，人類今天的作為和不作為，不僅危及地球上的生命，且還危害地球本身的壽命。

全球化正在讓世界變得更小、更快速地運轉和更富裕。但是，9/11事件和禽流感卻提醒我們一個更小、更快速運轉的世界不一定是一個更安全的世界。

我們的世界正充滿知識，但其迫切需要智慧?，F(xiàn)在，當（新聞采訪的）原聲摘要播出正變得更短、即時信息排擠短文和和個人生活變得更瘋狂時，能夠深思的大學畢業(yè)生是我們這個世界所需要的。

由于這些原因，我相信，并且我今天甚至更堅定地相信，大學有著獨特的且無可取代的使命。

10.單選題

Thesceneissobeautifulthatit（

）mypowerofdescription.

問題1選項

A.ascends

B.descends

C.transcends

D.overtakes

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項ascend“攀登，上升”；B選項descend“下降”；C選項transcend“勝過，超越”；D選項overtake“趕上，壓倒”。句意：這景色太美了，我無法形容。也就是超出了描述的能力，所以選項C符合句意。

11.單選題

Withourmagnificentnewcollegesoffurthereducation,thesuper-polytechnicsspringinguplikemushrooms,andourmuchvauntedincreaseofstudentsinfull-timeeducation,onevitalpointisbeinglefttousofeducationalthinking.Whatwillitearn?Because—sadasitmayseemtothosewhobelieveinits-mind-broadening,horizon-wideningandstaminatestingqualities—youcan'teateducation.Thereare39universitiesandcollegesofferingdegreecoursesinGeography,butIhaveneverseenanygoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised.OramIaloneinsuspectingthattheywillallreturntoteachGeographytoanothersetofstudents,whointurnwillteachmoreGeographyundergraduates?

OnlytenuniversitiescurrentlyofferdegreecoursesinAeronauticalEngineering,whichperhapsisjustaswell,inviewofthespeedwiththeaircraftindustryhasbeendispensingwithexcesspersonnel.Ontheotherhand,hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.Thereason?Universitymedicalschoolscanonlyfindplacesforhalforthosewhoapply.

ItseemstomethatthetimeisripefortheDepartmentofEmploymentandProductivityandtheDepartmentofEducationandSciencetogettogetherwiththeuniversitiesandproducearevisededucationalsystemthatwillmakeamoreeconomicuseofthewealthoftalent,applicationandindustrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.Theymightmakeastartbyreintroducingagenuine“General”CertificateofEducation.Inthedayswhenitmeantsomething,thiswascalledtheSchoolCertificate.Employerslikedit,becauseitindicatedproficiencyinEnglish,Arithmetic,ScienceandHumanities—inotherwords,thatyouhadanall-roundeducation.Youcoulduseitasaspringboardtohighereducation,butitactuallymeantsomethinginitself,ineveryindustryforchemicaltoclothing.

1.TheusefulnessofGeographycoursesisrestrictedmainlybecause（

）.

2.Incontrastwiththeaircraftindustry,hospitals

（

）.

3.“Industry”(Line4,Para....3)means

（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“noonewantstoknowabout”(Line5,Para.3)?

問題1選項

A.therearenogoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised

B.Geographygraduatescanonlybeteachers

C.GeographygraduatesarenotallowedtodothejobsrelatedtoGeography

D.Geographygraduatesarenotqualifiedformanyjobsduetothepoortrainingtheyreceivedinschool

問題2選項

A.arefullofqualifiedpersonnel

B.havemorequalifiedpersonnelthanschools

C.needmorequalifiedpersonnelthantheycanget

D.needfewerpersonnelthanotherorganizations

問題3選項

A.business

B.hardwork

C.trade

D.educationalsystem

問題4選項

A.Nooneknowsaboutthem.

B.Noonehastheideaoftheuseofthem

C.Thereisnointerestinordemandforthem

D.Thereisnouseinknowingaboutthem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段的內容“教育思想留給我們一個重要的問題。它能掙多少錢?對于那些相信教育能使人開闊思維、開闊視野、具備吃苦耐勞品質的人來說這似乎很悲哀，因為教育并不能讓你填飽肚子?！苯酉聛硪缘乩韺I(yè)的畢業(yè)生為例來說明這個問題，所以由此可以推斷，地理課程的實用性收到限制是因為教育的問題，所以選項D符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.由于缺少醫(yī)生，全國各地的醫(yī)院急診室都不得不關閉?！庇纱丝芍t(yī)院需要比他們所能得到的還要更多的合格人員，選項C符合原文。

3.詞義題。根據(jù)下文的描述“industrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.目前，‘industry’正在提供沒有人想知道的證書、文憑和學位。”證書，文憑和學位都是涉及教育的，由此可推測“industry”指的是教育體系。

4.語義題。根據(jù)上一題可知，這里沒人想知道的是教育體系所提供的證書，文憑和學位。再根據(jù)第三段的內容可知，作者呼吁各部門一起改變現(xiàn)有的教育體系，并建議引進真正通用的教育證書。說明人們對現(xiàn)在的教育體系所提供的證書，文憑和學位不感興趣而且也不需要。所以選項C符合原文。

12.翻譯題

繼續(xù)推進農村稅費改革，減輕農民負擔，保護農民利益。

1996年，世界上海拔最高的現(xiàn)代化的、多功能的大型圖書館西藏自治區(qū)圖書館建成開館。

中國不尋求霸權或支配世界事務，而是倡導建立國際政治經濟新秩序。

不堅決懲治腐敗，黨同人民群眾的血肉聯(lián)系就會受到嚴重損害，黨的執(zhí)政地位就有喪失的危險，黨就有可能走向自我毀滅。

維護祖國統(tǒng)一事關中華民族的根本利益。中國人民將義無反顧地捍衛(wèi)國家主權和領土完整，絕不允許任何人以任何方式把臺灣從中國分裂出去。

【答案】Continuetopushforwardthereformofruraltaxesandfees,toalleviatefarmers’burdensandprotecttheinterestsofthefarmers.

In1996,alargemodemandmulti-functionallibraryofthehighestelevationintheworld,namelytheTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,wasbuiltandopened.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyordominanceoverworldaffairs,butadvocatestoestablishanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

Withoutresolutelypunishingcorruption,theflesh-bloodrelationshipbetweenourPartyandthepeoplewillbeseverelydamaged,therulingstatusofourPartyruntheriskoflossandourPartyislikelytoheadtowardself-destruction.

TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithfirmresolve.WewillneverallowanyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.

13.單選題

Morethanadecadeago,cognitivescientistsJohnBransfordandDanielSchwartz,boththenatVanderbiltUniversity,foundthatwhatdistinguishedyoungadultsfromchildrenwasnottheabilitytoretainfactsorapplypriorknowledgetoanewsituationbutaqualitytheycalledpreparationforfuturelearning.Theresearchersaskedfifthgradersandcollegestudentstocreatearecoveryplantoprotectbaldeaglesfromextinction.Shockingly,thetwogroupscameupwithplansofsimilarquality(althoughthecollegestudentshadbetterspellingskills).Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.

Theresearchersdecidedtogodeeper,however.Theyaskedbothgroupstogeneratequestionsaboutimportantissuesneededtocreaterecoveryplans.Onthistask,theyfoundeaglesandtheirhabitats.Fifthgraderstendedtofocusonfeaturesofindividualeagles(“Howbigarethey?''and'"Whatdotheyeat?’’).Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.

Museumsandotherinstitutionsofinformallearningmaybebettersuitedtoteachthisskillthanelementaryandsecondaryschools.AttheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco,werecentlystudiedlearningtoaskgoodquestionscanaffectthequalityofpeople’sscientificinquiry.Wefoundthatwetaughtparticipantstoask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?’’questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration,theyengagedinbetterinquiryatthenextexhibit—askingmorequestions,performingmoreexperimentsandmakingbetterinterpretationsoftheirresults.Specifically,theirquestionsbecamemorecomprehensiveatthenewexhibit.Ratherthanmerelyaskingaboutsomethingtheywantedtotry,theytendedtoincludebothcauseandeffectintheirquestion.Askingjuicyquestionsappearstobeatransferableskillfordeepeningcollaborativeinquiryintothesciencecontentfoundinexhibits.

Thistypeoflearningisnotconfinedtomuseumsorinstitutionalsettings.Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.Perhapsmanyteachershavetoolittletimetoallowstudentstoformandpursuetheirownquestionsandtoomuchgroundtocoverinthecurriculum.Butpeoplemustacquirethisskillsomewhere.Oursocietydependsonthembeingabletomakecriticaldecisionsabouttheirownmedicaltreatment,say,orwhatwemustdoaboutglobalenergyneedsanddemands.Forthat,wehavearobustinformallearningsystemthatgivesnogrades,takesallcomers,andisavailableevenonholidaysandweekends.

1.Whatistraditionaleducators’interpretationoftheresearchoutcomementionedinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inwhatwayarecollegestudentsdifferentfromchildren?

3.Whatisthebenefitofaskingquestionswithnoreadyanswers?

4.Whatissaidtobetheadvantageofinformallearning?

5.Whatdoestheauthorseemtoencourageeducatorstodoattheendofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Studentsarenotabletoapplypriorknowledgetonewproblems

B.Collegestudentsarenobetterthanfifthgradersinmemorizingfacts.

C.Educationhasnotpaidenoughattentiontomajorenvironmentissues

D.Educationhasfailedtoleadstudentstothinkaboutmajorscientificideas

問題2選項

A.Theyhavelearnedtothinkcritically.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutsocialissues.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutspecificfeatures

D.Theyhavelearnedtoworkindependently

問題3選項

A.Itarousesstudents'interestinthingsaroundthem

B.Itcultivatesstudents'abilitytomakescientificinquiries

C.Ittrainsstudents'abilitytodesignscientificexperiments

D.Ithelpsstudentsrealizenoteveryquestionhasananswer

問題4選項

A.Itallowsforfailures

B.Itchargesnotuition

C.Itisentertaining

D.Itmeetspracticalneeds

問題5選項

A.Trainstudentstothinkaboutglobalissues

B.Designmoreinteractiveclassroomactivities

C.Makefulluseofinformallearningresources

D.Includecollaborativeinquiryinthecurriculum.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“traditionaleducator”定位到第一段最后一句“Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.”從傳統(tǒng)教育家的立場來看，這一結果表明，學校教育未能幫助學生思考生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和滅絕，這是主要的科學思想。也就是說，教育未能引導學生思考主要的科學思想。選項D符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“JohnBransford和DanielSchwartz發(fā)現(xiàn)，區(qū)分年輕人和兒童的不在于他們是否能夠記住事實或將之前的知識應用到新環(huán)境中，而在于他們稱之為為未來學習做準備的素質?！痹俑鶕?jù)第二段最后一句“Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.大學生培養(yǎng)了問問題的能力，這是批判性思維的基石。他們學會了如何學習?！边x項A符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“toask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?”questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration.問“如果……會怎樣?”和“怎么可能?”等一些沒有人知道答案的問題，將會引發(fā)探索。”所以選項B“培養(yǎng)學生科學探究的能力”符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.”非正式的學習環(huán)境比學校更能容忍失敗。選項A符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“我們的社會依賴于他們能夠對自己的醫(yī)療做出關鍵性的決定，或者說我們必須為全球能源需求做些什么。為此，我們有一個強大的非正式學習系統(tǒng)，不打分，適用于所有人群，甚至在節(jié)假日和周末也可以使用?！币簿褪钦f，作者建議教育者們充分利用非正式學習系統(tǒng)的資源。選項C符合原文。

14.單選題

Radarisusedtoextendthe（

）ofman'ssensesforobservinghisenvironment,especiallythesenseofvision.

問題1選項

A.validity

B.liability

C.capability

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項validity“有效性，正確性”；B選項liability“責任，可能性”；C選項capability“才能，能力”；D選項intensity“強度”。句意：雷達是用來擴展人們觀察環(huán)境的感知能力，特別是視覺感知能力。選項C符合語境。

15.單選題

Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.

問題1選項

A.species

B.specimen

C.spectrum

D.sample

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項species“物種”；B選項specimen“樣品，標本”；C選項spectrum“光譜”；D選項sample“樣本”。句意：游客說這種動物是他以前從未見過的物種。選項A符合句意。

16.單選題

Mothertoldmethatthemostimportantthingofchoosingapieceofclothisits（

）.

問題1選項

A.style

B.texture

C.textile

D.content

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項style“風格，類型”；B選項texture“質地，紋理，結構”；C選項textile“紡織品”；D選項content“內容，滿足”。句意：母親告訴我，挑選一塊布最重要的是看它的質地。選項B符合句意。

17.單選題

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.

問題1選項

A.puthimthrough

B.turnedhimout

C.gavehimup

D.cuthimshort

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項putthrough“接通，完成”；B選項turnout“結果是”；C選項giveup“放棄”；D選項cutshort“打斷，縮減”。句意：杰克正要宣布我們的計劃，但我打斷了他。選項D更符合語境。

18.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubstance,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultipleearners,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsaretheelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffers.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandinkindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whatdoesthe“l(fā)abormarketproblems”referto?

2.Theauthorcontraststhe1930'swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（

）.

3.Theauthor'spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringayearismostprobablytoshowthat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesoursocietytooverestimatethedegreeofeconomichardshipisthe（

）.

問題1選項

A.ATheoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome

問題2選項

A.morepeoplewereemployedinthe1930's

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow.

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

D.nowthereisagreaterproportion

問題3選項

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipthepoorworkerssuffer

C.recurrentunemploymentinthelabormarketcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardship

問題4選項

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers.

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalenceofsecondaryearnersamonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.語義題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“l(fā)abormarketproblems”定位到第一段第一句“有多少人因為勞動力市場問題而遭受不幸呢?”下文隨即指出“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestoday.如今失業(yè)不會帶來同樣的后果。”由此可知，這里的勞動市場問題指的是失業(yè)，選項D符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)下文“不斷增加的財富、不止一個收入者的家庭增多、失業(yè)人群中中等收入者的優(yōu)勢日益顯現(xiàn)，以及社會福利保障的改善，這些都毫無疑問地減輕了失業(yè)的后果?！庇纱丝赏茢啵髡呤窍氡磉_現(xiàn)在的失業(yè)問題所帶來的影響沒有那么嚴重。選項C正確。

3.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第二段的內容，本段的中心句為段落首句“Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.然而，我們的社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)在許多方面低估了與勞動力市場相關的困難程度?！苯酉聛磉M行舉例說明。由此可知，作者提到那些一年內多次失業(yè)的人，是為了表明統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)低估了貧困工人所遭受的苦難，所以選項B正確。

4.判斷推理題。原文第一段指出社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)在許多方面夸大了困難的程度，然后在第一段最后一句指出，計算在貧困統(tǒng)計之內的人大部分是年老者、殘疾人或者由于家庭負擔不能進入勞務市場者，因此這些貧困統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)根本就不能精確地反映出勞動力市場所存在的問題。由此可推斷，之所以會高估經濟困難的程度，是因為建立了記錄系統(tǒng)，使得編撰貧窮統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)成為可能，這些數(shù)據(jù)不一定是真實情況的反映，所以選項C正確。

19.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

沒有改革開放，就沒有今天的經濟發(fā)展。

祖國的地下到處都是埋藏著豐富的礦產資源。

弄得不好，就會前功盡棄。

不經一事，不長一智。

青年人和老年人不同，女青年和老太太也不同，不考慮這些情況，恐怕就解決不好“代溝”問題。

【答案】Withoutthereformandopening-up,theeconomicwillnotbewelldevelopedliketoday.

Therearerichmineralresourcesatundergroundofourmotherland.

Ifscrewup,you'llbacktosquareone.

Afallinthepit;againinthewit.

Theyoungdiffersfromtheoldwhiletheyoungwomenandoldladyvaryalot,withoutattentiontothis,it'shardtosolvethe“generationgap”.

20.單選題

Whethertheirfootballteamwinisamatterof（

）tome.

問題1選項

A.indifference

B.discrimination

C.deviation

D.interests

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項indifference“漠不關心”；B選項discrimination“歧視，區(qū)別”；C選項deviation“偏差，誤差”；D選項interest“興趣，愛好”。句意：他們的足球隊是否能贏對我來說無關緊要。選項A符合語境。

21.單選題

Iwasalwaystaughtthatitwas（

）tointerrupt.

問題1選項

A.rude

B.coarse

C.rough

D.crude

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項rude“粗魯?shù)?，無禮的”；B選項coarse“粗糙的，粗俗的”；C選項rough“粗野的，粗略的”；D選項crude“天然的，未加工的”。句意：我總是被教導打斷別人說話是粗魯?shù)?。選項A符合句意。

22.單選題

CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscramthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalifiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvest-time,whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsun-bakedclay,butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes,drawbridges,etc.Complete.Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan,itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest-time,amostelaboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however,befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.

Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts;therifleandtheBritishGovernment.Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing;thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactuallyremaininone'sownhouseandfileatone'sneighbournearlyamileaway.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag,andathithertounheard-ofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwithoutthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedforthesegloriousproductsofscience.Rifle-thievesscouredallIndiatoreinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflowofthecovetedweaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastlyenhanced.

TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelyunsatisfactory.Thegreatorganizing,advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseemedtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaysintotheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair),butawholeseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbyexp