2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號27

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thefootballerscoredwithsuch（

）thatthegoalkeeperdidn’tstandthechanceofsavingthegoal.

問題1選項

A.vein

B.veil

C.vicinity

D.velocity

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項vein“血管”；B選項veil“面紗，面罩”；C選項vicinity“臨近，附近”；D選項velocity“速度”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“footballer足球運動員”和that后面的句子意思“以至于守門員沒有機會挽救進球”，可知空格部分意思為“速度”，句意為：這個足球運動員進球如此快，以至于對方守門員沒有機會挽救進球。正確答案選D。

2.單選題

Grain（

）aretoguaranteetheconsumptionofnonagriculturalpopulationandtocopewithseriousnaturaldisasters.

問題1選項

A.savings

B.storages

C.stocks

D.reserves

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項savings“積蓄；節(jié)省物”；B選項storage“貯存”是不可數(shù)名詞；C選項stocks“存貨；股份”；D選項reserves“儲備”。填一個名詞做主語，Grain做其定語，由不定式的內(nèi)容可知reserves“儲備”符合題意，句意為：糧食儲備是用來保證非農(nóng)業(yè)人口消費和應(yīng)對嚴重自然災(zāi)害的。故答案選D。

3.單選題

Thetenantmustbepreparedtodecoratethehouse（

）thetermsofthecontract.

問題1選項

A.inthevicinityof

B.inquestof

C.inaccordancewith

D.incollaborationwith

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項inthevicinityof“在……附近”；B選項inquestof“探尋、尋求”；C選項inaccordancewith“根據(jù)、按照”；D選項incollaborationwith“與……合作”，由題干“合同條款”可知inaccordancewith“根據(jù)、按照”符合題意，句意為：根據(jù)合約，房客必須準備裝飾房子。選項C為正確答案。

4.單選題

Withscholarsfrom24countries（

）theconference,thecommitteehadagreatdealofworktodo.

問題1選項

A.attend

B.attended

C.attending

D.toattend

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是非謂語動詞。with+名詞+分詞，表示原因或者伴隨條件，scholars和動詞attend是主動關(guān)系，故正確答案選C。句意為：有來自24個國家的學(xué)者參加了會議，組委會有很多工作要做。

5.單選題

Thetwoimportant（

）inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

問題1選項

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。四個選項都有“成分，某物的組成部分”之意。A選項element“元素，要素”；B選項component“配件、要素”，機械的原件或者是組裝配件；C選項ingredient“原料、原材料”，指烹調(diào)用的事物配料；D選項constituent“成份、選民”，指的是整體中不可缺少的部分。由空格后介詞后面的關(guān)鍵詞“makingacake制作蛋糕”和“flourandsugar面粉與糖”，可知空格部分關(guān)鍵詞為“原料”，句意為：制作蛋糕的兩個重要的原料是面粉與糖。故正確答案選C。

6.單選題

Sinceacirclehasnobeginningorend,theweddingringisacceptedasasymbolof（

）love.

問題1選項

A.successive

B.consecutive

C.eternal

D.insistent

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項successive“連續(xù)的，繼承的”；B選項consecutive“連貫的，連續(xù)不斷的”；C選項eternal“永恒的”；D選項insistent“堅持的，迫切的”。句子的前半句意思是“因為圓沒有起點和終點”，后半句是句子的主干部分，of后面由“l(fā)ove愛”組成所有格結(jié)構(gòu)。這里需要填入一個形容詞，表示“永遠的，永恒的”才符合句子意思，句意為：因為圓沒有起點和終點，所以婚戒被當作永恒愛情的象征。故正確答案為C。

7.翻譯題

世界都在關(guān)注北京奧運會后中國政治經(jīng)濟走向。我們可以明確地說，中國將繼續(xù)堅定不移地走和平發(fā)展道路，繼續(xù)堅持改革開放不動搖，繼續(xù)貫徹獨立自主的和平外交政策。這符合中國人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，順應(yīng)世界潮流。這次北京奧運會是在中國這樣一個最大的發(fā)展中國家舉行的。國際社會對中國政府和人民為此做出的努力給予了高度評價。奧運會的成功舉辦，使中國人民受到了極大的鼓舞，增強了實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的信心和力量。

(參考詞匯：remaincommitted;fundamentalinterests;inspire;confidence)

【答案】

NowthewholeworldwantstoknowinwhatdirectionChinaisheading,bothpoliticallyandeconomically,aftertheBeijingOlympicGames.LetmetellyouinunequivocaltermsthatChinawillremaincommittedtothepathofpeacefuldevelopment,unswervinglypursuereformandopening-up,andcontinuetoadheretoanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace.ThisisinthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeopleandthepeopleofallothercountries.Itisalsoinkeepingwiththetrendoftheworld.ThejustconcludedOlympicGameswasheldinChina,thelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.TheinternationalcommunityhashighlycommendedtheeffortsmadebytheChineseGovernmentandpeoplefortheGames.ThesuccessoftheOlympicGameshasgreatlyencouragedtheChinesepeopleandboostedtheirconfidenceandstrengthinrealizingmodernization.

8.單選題

Asanindependentcitizen,heseesnoobligationtoopenhimselftofurther（

）.

問題1選項

A.screech

B.scrutiny

C.scrub

D.scrap

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項screech“尖叫聲”；B選項scrutiny“詳細審查，監(jiān)視”；C選項scrub“矮樹，洗擦”；D選項scrap“碎片，殘余物”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“independentcitizen獨立公民”和動詞“open公開，打開”，可知空格部分單詞意思“審查，檢查”，句意為：作為一個獨立的公民，他認為沒有義務(wù)進一步讓自己接受審查。選項B與之意思相近。

9.單選題

Ofvariouspartsofthespeechcontest,unplanned（

）speechisthemostdifficultpartformostcontestants.

問題1選項

A.spontaneous

B.spontaneity

C.prepared

D.synthetic

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項spontaneous“自發(fā)的，自然的”；B選項spontaneity“自發(fā)性，自然性”；C選項prepared“準備好的”；D選項synthetic“綜合的，合成的”。由關(guān)鍵詞“unplanned無準備的”可知spontaneous符合題意，句意為：在口語競賽的不同環(huán)節(jié)中，無準備即興演講對于大多數(shù)選手來說都是最難的。選項A為正確答案。

10.單選題

Healways（

）whathethinksright,nomatterthecosttohimself.

問題1選項

A.standsfor

B.standsout

C.standsby

D.standsupfor

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】動詞短語辨析題。本題考查的是動詞stand后面不同的副詞，表示不同的意思。A選項standfor“代表、支持”；B選項standout“突出、站起來”；C選項standsby“支持、袖手旁觀”；D選項standsupfor“支持、堅持；擁護”，空格后面是一個從句，意思是“他認為正確的事情”，所以這里空格部分單詞意思應(yīng)該是“堅持”，句意為：他總是堅持他認為對的，不管他為此付出多少代價。故選項D為正確答案。

11.單選題

Therehasbeennothingmoreastonishingintheprogressofwarwhichisreallytheapplicationofthemechanicsofforcetohumannature（

）

thepositionthatpublicopinionoccupies.

問題1選項

A.as

B.to

C.than

D.better

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。nothingmore...than...意思為“沒有什么比……更加……”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格后面是名詞“position位置”，而前面有nothingmore出現(xiàn)，再結(jié)合上下文意思，故推斷選項C為最佳答案。句意為：戰(zhàn)爭實際上是武力作用于人性，在這個過程中，沒有什么比公眾輿論占據(jù)的地位更讓人吃驚的了。

12.單選題

Janeisagirlwithanartistic（

）.

問題1選項

A.temperament

B.temperature

C.temperance

D.tempera

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項temperament“氣質(zhì)，性情，性格，稟性”；B選項temperature“度；體溫；氣溫；發(fā)燒”；C選項temperance“戒酒，禁酒；自我克制，節(jié)制”；D選項tempera“蛋彩畫”。填入名詞受形容詞artistic修飾，故temperament“氣質(zhì)，性情，性格，稟性”符合題意，句意為：簡是一個有藝術(shù)氣質(zhì)的女孩。答案選A。

13.單選題

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery.Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren’stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.MckendrickfavorsaViablemodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The“middlingsort”boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism,butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfromeighteenth-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinLines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,eighteenth-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（

）.

問題1選項

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistorio-graphicalapproachestoeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabouteighteenth-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

問題2選項

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

問題3選項

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

問題4選項

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

問題5選項

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段，主要敘述了歷史學(xué)家開始注意到奢侈品消費的研究，并舉例說明兩個學(xué)者的具體的研究，最后提出了三個問題。因此在第一段中提到兩個人名是為了舉例說明18世紀英格蘭消費主義增長的事實。故正確答案C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段“Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.盡管可以從制造商和服務(wù)行業(yè)針對他們的客戶所需要的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)中推斷出他們實際生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，但只有對由實際消費者撰寫的相關(guān)個人文件進行研究，才能準確地推測出什么樣的人需要什么樣的東西?！庇纱丝梢?，這里文章中提到的文件是屬于由實際消費者撰寫的相關(guān)個人文件，因此選項B為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段“Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral…關(guān)于最后一個問題，我們可以順便指出，雖然湯普森正確地還原了勞動人民在英國18世紀歷史的階段，但他很可能夸大了這些人對資本主義消費主義的反對”?？梢酝茰y勞動人民對于消費主義并不存在好奇心或者其他情緒，而是“反對”。選項D符合題意。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】段落大意題。定位到文章第三段，首先提出了關(guān)于第一種理論模式：制造商對于奢侈品宣傳的能力。接著提出第二種理論模式：人們購買奢侈品是受社會地位競爭的驅(qū)動。通過對兩種理論的批判，自己提出了替代性的理論認識。故選項B比較符合題意。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.然而，未來對這些關(guān)鍵問題的探索無疑是必要的，減少最近研究結(jié)論的力量：十八世紀英格蘭對輕浮和有用的商品和服務(wù)的貪得無厭的需求預(yù)示著我們自己的世界?！庇纱丝芍?，十八世紀的英國人和現(xiàn)代人在消費觀上存在某些相似性，因此選項D正確。

14.單選題

Hewasconstraininghismindnotto（

）fromthelecture.

問題1選項

A.wonder

B.wander

C.cruise

D.travel

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項wonder“想知道；驚訝”；B選項wander“不集中，走神”；C選項cruise“巡航，巡游；漫游”；D選項travel“旅行”。填入一個動詞構(gòu)成不定式做賓補說明hismind“他的思想”，由此可知wander“（因厭倦或焦慮而注意力）不集中，走神”符合題意，句意為：他在限制他的思想不要在課堂上分心。故答案選B。

15.單選題

Thejudgedoesn’tknowwhetherthewitnessistellingthetruth,buthewill（

）it.

問題1選項

A.identify

B.enforce

C.distinguish

D.verify

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項identify“認出，鑒定”，多用于在眾多物品中選出某一特定物品；B選項enforce“強迫，強化”；C選項distinguish“區(qū)別，辨別”；D選項verify“證實，查證，核實”。本句是but連接兩個并列句子，根據(jù)前面的意思“法官不知道證人說的是否是真話”，推測后面空格部分填入的動詞意思應(yīng)該是“證實，證明”，

16.單選題

（

）ishisowndecision.

問題1選項

A.Whenleaving

B.Whendoesheleave

C.Whenheleaves

D.Heleaves

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由空格后“ishisowndecision”的對應(yīng)知這里缺少主語，故能充當主語的C項“Whenheleaves”正確。A項“Whenleaving”屬于時間狀語；B項“Whendoesheleave”屬于疑問句，不能充當主語；D項“Heleaves”中謂語動詞“l(fā)eaves”與空格后系動詞“is”重復(fù)，在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上不正確。選項C正確。

17.單選題

heflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement,（

）.

問題1選項

A.whichencouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

B.whichencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

C.encouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

D.thatencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本句考查非限制性定語從句。主句是Theflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement，后面which作為關(guān)系代詞指代thefeministmovement，在從句中作為主語，意思是“女權(quán)運動鼓勵女性去提高她們在就業(yè)市場的技能”，故正確答案選B。

18.單選題

Hardly（

）thehelicopter（

）whenthewaitingcrowdrantowardsit.

問題1選項

A.had...landed

B.has...landed

C.would...land

D.was...landing

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是條件狀語從句中的部分倒裝用法。當hardly位于句首時，這個時間條件狀語從句的主句必須采取倒裝的表達，即將had提到句子主語前。因為主句的動作是發(fā)生在從句的動作之前，故主句用過去完成時態(tài)，而從句使用一般過去時。句意為：直升飛機一降落，一旁等待的士兵就沖了上來。故選項A正確。

19.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement:thatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievements,suchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（

）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（

）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（

）.

問題1選項

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

問題3選項

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段第三句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人們可能沒辦法生存：既不知道何為歡喜和快樂，也不知道何為焦慮和恐懼，他們可能重復(fù)做出傷害性的行為，就像重復(fù)有益的行為一樣。”由此可知如果人們生存在一個沒有情感的世界里，因為對于自身行為的性質(zhì)沒辦法區(qū)別，所以會導(dǎo)致自己很難生存。故正確答案選B。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段第四句“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他們不會學(xué)習(xí)：他們不能從經(jīng)驗中受益，因為這個無情感的世界缺乏獎勵和懲罰”，由此可知，沒有情感的世界，對于人們的學(xué)習(xí)活動不存在激勵，沒有獎勵和懲罰的機制。反之，人們能夠進行學(xué)習(xí)活動主要也是因為獎勵和懲罰機制的存在。故正確答案選C。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段結(jié)尾“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork…Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社會經(jīng)濟的基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀，既然掙100萬美元不會比掙10美元更讓人愉快，工作就會失去動力……正如我們看到的，激勵意味著享受它們的能力。”根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞foundation可以對應(yīng)定位到上文“underpinnings基礎(chǔ)，支柱”，由此可知社會經(jīng)濟的基礎(chǔ)是建立在人們享受激勵的能力上的。故正確答案選C。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第一句提到了“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.在這樣一個世界里，人類生存下來的可能性幾乎為零，因為情感是我們生存和適應(yīng)的基本工具。情緒以重要的方式為我們構(gòu)建世界?！比缓缶团e例具體闡述了情緒是如何具體影響我們的生存和適應(yīng)身邊事物的。其中第六句“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement…從我們對事物和事件的情感體驗中，產(chǎn)生一種社會共識”，這也就解釋了本段第一句中所強調(diào)的情感對于生存和發(fā)展的重要性，所以正確答案選B。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段“Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.誠然，我們會考慮物體的長度、形狀、大小或質(zhì)地，但是，比起它對我們所做的，能做的事情，給我們帶來的傷害，驚訝，憤怒或者歡樂，事物的物質(zhì)方面沒有那么重要。”本句話提到事物的情感方面比物質(zhì)方面重要的具體表現(xiàn)。結(jié)合上下文，我們使用情感來分類事物，也就是通過情感，我們適應(yīng)周圍的世界。由此推斷，選項D為符合題意的最佳答案。

20.單選題

InanarticlesomeChinesescholarsaredescribedasbeing“tantalizedbythemysteriousdragonbonehieroglyphics.”TantalizedisoneofmanyEnglishwordsthathavetheiroriginsinmythsandlegendsofthepast(inthiscase,GreekandRomanones).Themeaningoftheverbtantalizeisaveryparticularone:“topromiseorshowsomethingdesirabletoapersonandthentakeitaway;toteasebyarousinghope.’’Many(butnotall)Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword’soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.Fortantalizethefollowingexplanationisgiven:[>Tantalus].ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword’sorigins,andifyoudo,youwillfindoutthatinGreekmythology,Tantaluswasakingwhowaspunishedinthelowerworldwitheternalhungerandthirst;hewasputuptohischininwaterthatalwaysmovedawaywhenhetriedtodrinkitandwithfruitonbranchesabovehimplacedjustalittlebitoutofhisreach.Canyouseewhyhisnamewaschangedintoaverbmeaning“toteaseortormentbyarousingdesire”?

Anotherexampleistheword“siren”,familiartousasthemechanicaldevicethatmakessuchanalarmingsoundwhenpolicecars,ambulances,orfireenginesapproach.ThiswordalsohasitsoriginsinGreekmythology.ThetravelerOdysseus(UlyssestotheRomans)madehismenplugtheirearssothattheywouldn’thearthedangerousvoicesofthesirens,creatureswhowerehalfbirdandhalfwomanandwholuredsailorstotheirdeathsonsharprocks.Sothewordcametobeassociatedbothwithaloudsoundandwithdanger!

Whensomeonespeaksofa“jovialmood”ora“herculeanefforts”,heorsheisusingwords

withoriginsinmythology.Lookthesewordsuptofindtheirmeaningandrelationshiptomyths.

Manycommonwords,suchasthenamesforthedaysoftheweekandthemonthsoftheyear,alsocomefrommythology.WednesdayderivesfromtheancientNorsekingofthegods,Woden,andThursdaywasoriginallyThor’sday,inhonorofThor,thegodofthunder.Asamatteroffact,alltheplanets,excepttheoneweliveon,bearnamesthatcomefromRomanmythology,includingtheplanetthatisfarthestawayfromthesunandforthatreasonwascalledaftertheRomangodofthedead.Thisgodhasalsogivenhisnametooneofthechemicalelements.Severalotherelementshavenamesthatcomefrommythology,too.

ItseemsthatmythsandlegendsliveonintheEnglishlanguage.

1.ThepurposeofthefirstsentenceinParagraph1is（

）.

2.Welearnfromthepassage,allEnglishdictionariesinclude（

）.

3.Theexampleoftantalizeistoshow（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdoesNOThaveoriginsinmythorlegends?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.toleadreadersontothemaintheme

B.tolinktheprecedingparttothepresentone

C.toarousereaders’interestinhieroglyphics

D.todescribetheworkofsomeChinesescholars

問題2選項

A.legends

B.mythology

C.wordorigins

D.worddefinitions

問題3選項

A.howthewordcameintoexistence.

B.howTantaluswaspunishedinthelowerworld.

C.howallEnglishdictionariesshowwordorigins.

D.howthemeaningofthewordchangedovertheyears.

問題4選項

A.Jovial.

B.March.

C.Earth.

D.Wednesday.

問題5選項

A.MythologyandCommonWords.

B.HistoricalChangesinWordMeanings.

C.MythologicalOriginsofEnglishWords.

D.GreekandRomanMythologyinLanguage.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】段落大意題。文章第一段開頭第一句是引出tantalize這個詞的描述，接下來的幾句話，是說明這個詞的來源，它是眾多來源于過去的神話和傳說的英語單詞之一。故推測文章第一段是通過舉例說明來引出主題。正確答案選A。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段“Many(butnotall)Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword’soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.許多（不是所有）的英語字典都會在詞的釋義前后，用括號給出簡短的詞源解釋”，故這里可知所有的英語字典都會給出英語單詞的釋義，但不是都會給出英語單詞詞源解釋，或者有關(guān)的神話和傳說。所以正確答案為D。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第一段談到了tantalize這個單詞的例子，根據(jù)第六句“ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword’sorigins,andifyoudo,youwillfindoutthatinGreekmythology...這意味著通過坦塔羅斯這個名字找到tantalize單詞的詞源，如果這樣做的話，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，在希臘神話中……”。接下來就是對于對應(yīng)單詞詞源詳細解釋，結(jié)合最后一句話“Canyouseewhyhisnamewaschangedintoaverbmeaning‘toteaseortormentbyarousingdesire’?現(xiàn)在你能猜出為什么他的名字變成了動詞，表示（以喚起欲望來戲弄或者折磨某人）嗎”，由此推斷可知正確答案選A。選項B是具體的例子里面的描述。選項D和題干無關(guān)。選線C無法通過第一段中tantalize單詞的例子推斷出來。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第四段第三句“Asamatteroffact,alltheplanets,excepttheoneweliveon,bearnamesthatcomefromRomanmythology…事實上，所有的行星，除了我們生活的地球外，都是以羅馬神話中神的名字命名的……”故這里選C。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。通篇瀏覽全文，文章都在講英語單詞的詞源問題，文章中第一段通過tantalize這個單詞的例子引出：許多英語單詞來源于神話和傳說。第二段到五段都是在舉例闡述英語里面的單詞來源于神話和傳說的這一事實。故正確答案應(yīng)該選C。

21.單選題

Althoughthetwoplayersare（

）inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriends.

問題1選項

A.partners

B.rivals

C.enemies

D.companions

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項partner“同伴、合伙人”；B選項rival“對手、競爭者”；C選項enemy“敵人”；D選項companion“同伴、伙伴”，空格所在的句子為讓步狀語從句，句子意思為“盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場上是對手”，可知空格部分單詞意思為“對手”，和主句中的“goodfriends好朋友”是正反義詞關(guān)系，句意為：盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場上是對手，但是她們是很好的朋友。故正確答案選B。

22.單選題

Finally,Emily（

）divorce,sayingthatherhusbandabusedherphysicallyandpsychologically.

問題1選項

A.filledinfor

B.filedfor

C.suedfor

D.appliedfor

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項fillinfor“代替，占據(jù)別人位置”；B選項filefor“申請”，主要用于申請事業(yè)單位工作；C選項suefor“控告”，表示就某事提出訴訟；D選項applyfor“申請，提出申請”。由關(guān)鍵詞“divorce離婚”，可知空格部分意思可能為“提出控告，控訴”，句意為：最后艾米麗提出離婚訴訟，稱她的丈夫?qū)λ谏眢w上和心理上實施家庭暴力。選項C與其意思接近。

23.單選題

ForseveraldaysIsawlittleofMr.Rochester.Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemenfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim.Whenhisfootwaswellenough,herodeoutagreatdeal.

Duringthistime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimitedtooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme,becauseIsawthatIhadnothingtodowiththecauseofthem.

Oneevening,severaldayslater,IwasinvitedtotalktoMr.Rochesterafterdinner.Hewassittinginhisarmchair,andlookednotquitesosevere,andmuchlessgloomy.Therewasasmileonhislips,andhiseyeswerebright,probablywithwine.AsIwaslookingathim,hesuddenlyturned,andaskedme,“DoyouthinkI'mhandsome,MissEyre?”

TheanswersomehowslippedfrommytonguebeforeIrealizedit:“No,sir.”

“Ah,youreallyareunusual!Youareaquietseriouslittleperson,butyoucanbealmostrude.”

“Sir,I’msorry.Ishouldhavesaidthatbeautydoesn’tmatter,orsomethinglikethat.”

“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling.Therearenotmanygirlslikeyou.ButperhapsIgotoofast.Perhapsyouhaveawfulfaultstocounterbalanceyourfewgoodpoints.”

Ithoughttomyselfthathemighthavetoo.Heseemedtoreadmymind,andsaidquickly,“Yes,you’reright.Ihaveplentyoffaults.IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.Imighthavebeenverydifferent.Imighthavebeenasgoodasyou,andperhapswiser.Iamnotabadman,takemywordforit,butIhavedonewrong.Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichwereto