2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號72

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Hardly（

）thehelicopter（

）whenthewaitingcrowdrantowardsit.

問題1選項

A.had...landed

B.has...landed

C.would...land

D.was...landing

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是條件狀語從句中的部分倒裝用法。當hardly位于句首時，這個時間條件狀語從句的主句必須采取倒裝的表達，即將had提到句子主語前。因為主句的動作是發(fā)生在從句的動作之前，故主句用過去完成時態(tài)，而從句使用一般過去時。句意為：直升飛機一降落，一旁等待的士兵就沖了上來。故選項A正確。

2.單選題

I’msureheisuptothejob（

）hewouldgivehismindtoit.

問題1選項

A.ifonly

B.until

C.incase

D.unless

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項ifonly“如果”；B選項until“直到……才”；C選項incase“萬一”；D選項unless“除非”。根據(jù)從句意思“只要他用心，他是能勝任這份工作的”，可知空格部分表示意思是“假如，如果”，句意為：我相信只要他用心，他是能勝任這份工作的。故正確答案選A。

3.單選題

Thetradeunionsinthisindustryare（

）anyreductioninwages.

問題1選項

A.objectingagainst

B.opposedto

C.resistingagainst

D.reactedto

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“anyreductioninwages工資的任何減少”和四個選項的對應構(gòu)成選擇固定搭配“beopposedtosth反對某事”的B項正確。英語中一般不用“objectagainst”或“resistagainst”的搭配；英語中沒有“bereactedtosth.”這種搭配，一般用“reactedtosth.對某事起反應”。句意為：這個行業(yè)的工會反對任何減薪。故正確答案選B。

4.單選題

Itwas1961,andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorses’hoofsfrom“WagonTrain”or“Cheyenne”andlaughterfrom“ILoveLucy”,or“MisterEd”.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.But,shewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhousesshecleaned—books.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid.“Andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”

Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’lldriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.

ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened:Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwasto（

）makehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

C.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

D.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

問題2選項

A.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

B.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.?

C.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問題3選項

A.hesitant

B.determined

C.reluctant

D.unprepared

問題4選項

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

問題5選項

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

C.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

D.herealizedthatbooksofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段“Itwas1961,andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare...WewatchedTVeverynight.那是1961年，我在五年級。我在學校的成績很糟糕，問題是，我還并不在意……我們每天晚上看電視?！笨芍x項D符合題意。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.我和我的哥哥和媽媽住在底特律一個昏暗的多戶人家共同居住的房子里?！笨芍髡呒揖巢⒉缓茫蚀鸢高xB。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第二三段描述了作者的母親回到家關(guān)上電視要讓他們開始讀書，每周讀兩本并寫報告，家里沒書就開車送他們?nèi)D書館等等，由此可知母親是下定決心讓兒子們讀書，因此答案選B。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第四段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.所以很快就有兩個壞脾氣的男孩坐在她的白色1959年的奧茲莫比爾汽車上，在去底特律公共圖書館的路上?！笨芍麄儾磺樵溉D書館，故答案選B。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.當時我并沒有意識到這一點，但這段經(jīng)歷和看電視完全不同。在我的腦海里形成了一些圖像，而不是在我眼前。我可以翻過一頁，一次又一次地回到他們身邊?！笨芍髡邜凵献x書是因為書能給他全新的感受，讓他浮想聯(lián)翩，而不是因為他能反復地讀這些書，因此答案選B。

5.單選題

Clarkfeltthathis（

）ononeofthemostdramaticmedicalexperimentsofalltimewasworththesufferingheunderwent.

問題1選項

A.apprehension

B.appreciation

C.presentation

D.participation

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項apprehension“理解；拘捕；憂慮”；B選項appreciation“評價，鑒賞”；C選項presentation“贈送，授予；提供，顯示；外觀”；D選項participation“參加，參與”。四個單詞形狀相似?？崭癫糠质琴e語從句中的主語，on引導介詞短語修飾主語，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“beworth是值得的”，可知空格部分單詞意思是“參加”，句意為：克拉克認為他能參加一直以來最受人矚目的醫(yī)學實驗，吃點苦也值得。選項D符合句子意思，為最佳答案。

6.單選題

Thetenantmustbepreparedtodecoratethehouse（

）thetermsofthecontract.

問題1選項

A.inthevicinityof

B.inquestof

C.inaccordancewith

D.incollaborationwith

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項inthevicinityof“在……附近”；B選項inquestof“探尋、尋求”；C選項inaccordancewith“根據(jù)、按照”；D選項incollaborationwith“與……合作”，由題干“合同條款”可知inaccordancewith“根據(jù)、按照”符合題意，句意為：根據(jù)合約，房客必須準備裝飾房子。選項C為正確答案。

7.單選題

（

）thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.

問題1選項

A.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshops

B.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsdo

C.Sofrequentlydidtheguidetakethemtoluxuriousshops

D.Sotheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsfrequently

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查結(jié)果狀語從句中的倒裝用法。在“so/such…that...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，so和such連同它所修飾成分置于句首表示強調(diào)。主句需要倒裝；根據(jù)句子后面的結(jié)構(gòu)“thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.”可知前面是so引導的主句，需要采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，句意為：導游帶游客去奢侈品商店太頻繁，以至于許多游客向旅行社投訴。故正確答案選C。

8.單選題

Thetwoimportant（

）inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

問題1選項

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。四個選項都有“成分，某物的組成部分”之意。A選項element“元素，要素”；B選項component“配件、要素”，機械的原件或者是組裝配件；C選項ingredient“原料、原材料”，指烹調(diào)用的事物配料；D選項constituent“成份、選民”，指的是整體中不可缺少的部分。由空格后介詞后面的關(guān)鍵詞“makingacake制作蛋糕”和“flourandsugar面粉與糖”，可知空格部分關(guān)鍵詞為“原料”，句意為：制作蛋糕的兩個重要的原料是面粉與糖。故正確答案選C。

9.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（

）.

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance

問題2選項

A.ahighersenseofsecurity

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest

D.aguaranteedfuture

問題3選項

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass

C.compensateforthereducedpensions

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk

問題4選項

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus

問題5選項

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff

C.TheMiddleClassinConflict

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.現(xiàn)在，一份解雇通知書、一個糟糕的診斷，或者配偶的消失，都可能在幾個月內(nèi)把一個穩(wěn)定的中產(chǎn)階級家庭變成一個新的貧困家庭?！庇纱丝芍狢選項“他們更容易受家庭經(jīng)濟情況變化的影響”正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.在過去一年的大部分時間里，布什總統(tǒng)致力于將社會保障轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮π钯~戶模式，即退休人員將他們的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根據(jù)投資回報進行交易?！庇纱丝芍狟選項“不安全的薪酬”正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第三段“Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.醫(yī)療保健的絕對成本和家庭承擔的份額都上升了，而且新流行的醫(yī)療儲蓄計劃正從立法機構(gòu)蔓延到沃爾瑪員工，免賠額大大提高，家庭未來醫(yī)療保健的投資風險也增加了。”由此可知D選項“增加家庭的投資風險”正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.金融方面的影響已經(jīng)開始，政治方面的影響可能也不遠了?！庇纱丝芍狢選項“經(jīng)濟問題可能會帶來政治問題”正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章講述美國中產(chǎn)階級家庭已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟風險和新的現(xiàn)實所改變，面臨著一系列危機，由此可判斷B項“中產(chǎn)階級在懸崖上”符合題意。

10.單選題

Mr.Taylorfeltvery（

）atthesuggestionthathehadstolenthecar.

問題1選項

A.impatient

B.indigenous

C.intolerant

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項impatient“不耐煩的”；B選項indigenous“本土的”；C選項intolerant“狹隘的”；D選項indignant“憤怒的”；根據(jù)題干“有人說泰勒先生偷了那輛車”，可知泰勒先生會覺得indignant“憤怒的”。故正確答案選D。

11.單選題

Theofficialclaimedthatthegovernmenthadonlychangedthelawinorderto（

）America.

問題1選項

A.applaud

B.apprehend

C.appeal

D.appease

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項applaud“贊同，稱贊”；B選項apprehend“理解”；C選項appeal“將……上訴”；D選項appease“安撫，對……做出讓步”。由“thegovernmenthadonlychangedthelaw政府改變法律”，后面是inorderto表示目的的介詞短語，可知空格部分意思為“安撫，平息”，句意為：有官員稱政府改變法律僅僅是為了對美國做出讓步。選項D與之意思接近。

12.翻譯題

Buildingadegreeoftransportationandinventorycostambiguityintothesystemdesignwillallowonetoestimatehighandlowvaluesforthesecosts,withthecomfortthatcostswillcomeinbetweentheseworstandbestcases.Globalsourcingsystemsarealsodynamiccreatures,subjecttochangeandimprovementovertime.Itisessentialthattheperformanceofthesourcingsystembemonitoredbyallpartiestothepartnershiptomaintainitscommonfocus.Severaladditionalitemsshouldbeconsideredwheneverinternationalsourcingisanalternativeforafirm:possibleuseofchildlabor,changingtariffstructures,foreigntradezones,exportingforassemblyinbond,andcountertrade.

【答案】

在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中建立一定程度的運輸和庫存成本的模糊性，將可以估算出這些成本的高值和低值，而成本將會在這些最壞和最好的情況之間。全球采購系統(tǒng)也是動態(tài)的，隨著時間的推移會發(fā)生變化和改進。至關(guān)重要的是，結(jié)為伙伴關(guān)系的各方都要對采購系統(tǒng)的性能進行監(jiān)控，以確保達成共識。當國際采購是公司的一種選擇時，應考慮以下額外幾點：使用童工的可能性，變化的關(guān)稅結(jié)構(gòu)，外貿(mào)區(qū)，保稅出口組裝和補償貿(mào)易。

13.單選題

Moreoftenitisthefatherormother,andnotthechildren,（

）theresponsibilityofgenerationgap.

問題1選項

A.whotake

B.whomtake

C.whomtakes

D.whotakes

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這是一個強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)的主語thefatherormother,andnotthechildren是人且意義上是個單數(shù)，強調(diào)人可以用who，句意為：更常見的是父親或母親而不是孩子要承擔代溝的責任。因此答案選D。

14.單選題

WhenSarahandI（

）

onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.

問題1選項

A.compiled

B.gathered

C.collaborated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項compile“編輯”；B選項gather“聚集、收集”；C選項collaborate“合作、協(xié)作”；D選項collect“收集、收藏”，從句中關(guān)鍵詞“worktogether一起工作”可聯(lián)系到collaborate“合作、協(xié)作”，句意為：當莎拉和我為校報合作寫一篇文章時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一起工作是很困難的。故正確答案選C。

15.單選題

Mr.Smithcannottellalieskillfully;anyonecan（

）.

問題1選項

A.seehimthrough

B.seehimthroughout

C.seethroughhim

D.seethroughouthim

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定短語。由關(guān)鍵信息cannottellalieskillfully“不善于說謊”可知短語動詞seethrough“看穿，識破”符合題意，句意為：史密斯先生不善于說謊；任何人都可以看穿他。故答案選C。

16.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement:thatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievements,suchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（

）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（

）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（

）.

問題1選項

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

問題3選項

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段第三句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人們可能沒辦法生存：既不知道何為歡喜和快樂，也不知道何為焦慮和恐懼，他們可能重復做出傷害性的行為，就像重復有益的行為一樣?！庇纱丝芍绻藗兩嬖谝粋€沒有情感的世界里，因為對于自身行為的性質(zhì)沒辦法區(qū)別，所以會導致自己很難生存。故正確答案選B。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段第四句“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他們不會學習：他們不能從經(jīng)驗中受益，因為這個無情感的世界缺乏獎勵和懲罰”，由此可知，沒有情感的世界，對于人們的學習活動不存在激勵，沒有獎勵和懲罰的機制。反之，人們能夠進行學習活動主要也是因為獎勵和懲罰機制的存在。故正確答案選C。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段結(jié)尾“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork…Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社會經(jīng)濟的基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀，既然掙100萬美元不會比掙10美元更讓人愉快，工作就會失去動力……正如我們看到的，激勵意味著享受它們的能力。”根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞foundation可以對應定位到上文“underpinnings基礎(chǔ)，支柱”，由此可知社會經(jīng)濟的基礎(chǔ)是建立在人們享受激勵的能力上的。故正確答案選C。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第一句提到了“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.在這樣一個世界里，人類生存下來的可能性幾乎為零，因為情感是我們生存和適應的基本工具。情緒以重要的方式為我們構(gòu)建世界。”然后就舉例具體闡述了情緒是如何具體影響我們的生存和適應身邊事物的。其中第六句“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement…從我們對事物和事件的情感體驗中，產(chǎn)生一種社會共識”，這也就解釋了本段第一句中所強調(diào)的情感對于生存和發(fā)展的重要性，所以正確答案選B。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段“Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.誠然，我們會考慮物體的長度、形狀、大小或質(zhì)地，但是，比起它對我們所做的，能做的事情，給我們帶來的傷害，驚訝，憤怒或者歡樂，事物的物質(zhì)方面沒有那么重要?！北揪湓捥岬绞挛锏那楦蟹矫姹任镔|(zhì)方面重要的具體表現(xiàn)。結(jié)合上下文，我們使用情感來分類事物，也就是通過情感，我們適應周圍的世界。由此推斷，選項D為符合題意的最佳答案。

17.單選題

Todaybusinesscardsaredistributedwithabandonbyworkingpeopleofallsocialclasses,illustratingnotonlytheubiquityofcommercialinterestsbutalsothefluidityoftheworldoftrade.Whetheroneisbuttonholingpotentialclientsforacarpentryservice,announcingone’slatestacademicappointment,or“networking”withfellowexecutives,itispermissibletoadvertiseone’stalentsandavailabilitybyanoutstretchedhandandthestatement“Here’smycard.”AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.

Ithasnotalwaysbeenthisway.Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits,andtheprotocol（禮儀）governingthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards.PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady;whenaladymust,andmustnot,turndowntheedgesofacard;andwhetheranunmarriedgirlofbetweenfourteenandseventeenmaycarrymorethansixorlessthanthirteencardsinherpurseinmonthsbeginningwitha“J”.Thecallingcardsystemwasespeciallycherishedbythosewhomadenodistinctionbetweenmannersandmereform,anditspreciousnesswaswelldefinedbyMrs.JohnSherwood.Her1887manualcalledthecard“thefieldmarkanddevice”ofcivilization.

Thebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury,whentheformerlywell-definedbordersbetweenthecommercialandthepersonalrealmswereusedwidely,societymavens(專家)considereditunforgivabletofusethetworealms.EmilyPost’scontemporaryLilianEichlercalleditverypoortastetousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes,andaslateas1967AmyVanderbiltcounseledthatthemerchant’smarker“mayneverdoubleforsocialpurposes”.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,peopledistributetheirbusinesscardsinorderto（

）.

2.Thesentence“yourmoneywassoold”inthesecondparagraphmeans（

）.

3.WhatisNOTtrueaboutthecalling-cardclassinthe19thcentury?

4.Accordingtothepassage,businesscardsarelikelytohaveappeared（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTstatedorimpliedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.maketheirliving

B.showtheirsocialstatus

C.facilitatesellingtheirproducts

D.illustratethefluidityoftheworldoftrade

問題2選項

A.youhadalotofmoney.

B.yourmoneywasuseless.

C.youhadanoldpoundnote.

D.youinheritedafortunefromyourancestor

問題3選項

A.Theyusedtheircallingcardstowinladies’favor.

B.Therewereguidebooksontheprotocolforthemtoread.

C.Theylivedaleisuredlifewithoutworryingaboutearningaliving.

D.Theiruseofcardswassupposedtogobyasetofcomplexrulesofmanner.

問題4選項

A.after1967

B.afterWorldWarⅠ

C.atthebeginningofthe19thcentury

D.atthebeginningofthe20th

問題5選項

A.Mostpeoplethinkitimpropertousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes.

B.Today’sbusinesscardsareavulgarizationofthe19th-centurysocialcallingcard.

C.Inthe19thcentury,possessingacallingcardindicatedone’shighsocialposition.

D.Inthe19thcentury,thecalling-cardclassneverusedtheircardsforcommercialpurposes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段最后兩句“AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.正如羅伯特?路易斯?史蒂文森曾經(jīng)說過，每個人靠賣東西為生。商務名片促進了這一努力?！庇纱丝芍?，人們遞商務名片是為了賣產(chǎn)品，選項C符合上下文語境，為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.在鍍金時代，擁有名片并不意味著你有興趣結(jié)成商務關(guān)系，而是你有遺產(chǎn)，所以你不需要為生計犯愁?！庇纱丝芍}干句子的意思應該指從祖先那里得到一大筆遺產(chǎn)之意。oldmoney意為“祖?zhèn)鬟z產(chǎn)”，故正確答案選D。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段“Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits他們的日子就是在社交活動中打發(fā)的”可知選項C符合文意；由“theprotocolgoverningthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards管理這些社交活動的禮儀與正確使用卡片有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系”可知他們在社交活動中交換名片是需遵守復雜的禮儀規(guī)范，因此選項D沒錯，以及由“PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)前，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的禮儀手冊里面整個章節(jié)都在討論這樣的問題：一個單身男士是否可以給女士遞名片?！笨芍x項B無誤；選項A文章中沒有提及，因此答案選A。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.我們今天用于商業(yè)目的的卡片是19世紀社會名片的俗化，是一種具有完全不同目的的工藝品。”以及文章第三段第一句中“Thebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury...拜帖的商業(yè)版本（名片）出現(xiàn)在世紀之交……”；由此推斷選項D最符合句子意思。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusin