2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號56

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

JanHendrikSchon’ssuccessseemedtoogoodtobetrue,anditwas.InonlyfouryearsasaphysicistatBellLaborites,Schon,32,hadco-authored90scientificpapers—oneevery16days—dealingwithnewdiscoveriesinsuperconductivity,lasers,nanotechnologyandquantumphysics.Thisoutputastonishedhiscolleagues,andmadethemsuspicious.Whenoneco-workernoticedthatthesametableofdataappearedintwoseparatepapers—whichalsohappenedtoappearinthetwomostprestigiousscientificjournalsintheworld,ScienceandNature—thejigwasup.InOctober2002,aBellLabsinvestigationfoundthatSchonhadfalsifiedandfabricateddata.Hiscareerasascientistwasfinished.Scientificscandals,whichareasoldasscienceitself,tendtofollowsimilarpatternsofpresumptionandduereward.

Inrecentyears,ofcourse,thepressureonscientiststopublishinthetopjournalshasincreased,makingthejournalsmuchmorecrucialtocareersuccess.ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.Eachscientificspecialtyhasitsownsetofjournals.PhysicistshavePhysicalReviewLetters,neuroscientistshaveNeuron,andsoforth.ScienceandNature,though,aretheonlytwomajorjournalsthatcoverthegamutofscientificdisciplines,frommeteorologyandzoologytoquantumphysicsandchemistry.Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.Andscientistslooktothejournalsinparttoreachjournalists.Whydotheycare?Competitionforgrantshasgottensofiercethatscientistshavesoughtpopularrenowntogainanedgeovertheirrivals.Publicationinspecializedjournalswillwintheacclaimsfromacademicsandsatisfythepublish-or-perishimperative,butScienceandNaturecomewiththeaddedbonusofpotentiallygettingyourpaperwrittenupinTheNewYorkTimesandotherpublications.

Scientiststendtopaymoreattentiontothebigtwothantootherjournals.Whenmorescientistsknowaboutaparticularpaper,they’remoreapttociteitintheirownpapers.Beingoft-citedwillincreaseascientist's“ImpactFactor’’，ameasureofhowoftenpapersarecitedbypeers.Fundingagenciesusethe"ImpactFactor'*asaroughmeasureoftheinfluenceofscientiststhey’reconsideringsupporting.

1.TheachievementsofJanHendrikSchonturnedouttobe（

）.

2.TofindwhyscientificscandalslikeSchon’soccur,peoplehavebeguntoraisedoubtaboutthetwotopjournalsfor

（

）.

3.Theexpression’’thecreamofthecrop”inParagraph3likelymeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.surprising

B.inconceivable

C.praiseworthy

D.fraudulent

問題2選項

A.theiracademicprestige

B.theirimportancetocareersuccess

C.theirpopularitywithscientificcircles

D.theirreviewingsystem

問題3選項

A.themostofall

B.thebestofall

C.therecentlyreleased

D.thewidelyspread

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘JanHendrikSchon的成就被證明是…’。在第一段中，最開始講到Schon的成績好得令人難以置信，而后其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)他是抄襲的，然后貝爾實驗室的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)了他偽造和捏造了數(shù)據(jù)，所以他結(jié)束了其科學(xué)生涯。所以D選項“騙人的”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘為了找出像肖恩這樣的科學(xué)丑聞發(fā)生的原因，人們開始懷疑兩個頂級期刊上…’。由第二段第二句“ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.他質(zhì)疑的問題是，自然和科學(xué)是否已經(jīng)變得過于強(qiáng)大，成為科學(xué)走向公眾的仲裁者，以及這些期刊是否能夠勝任它們作為看門人的任務(wù)?！贝_定A選項“它們的學(xué)術(shù)聲譽(yù)”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第3段中的“thecreamofthecrop”可能是指’。由第三段第四句“Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.因此，記者們每周都要從這些新發(fā)表的科學(xué)論文中尋找精華。”確定B選項“所有中最好的”正確。

2.單選題

She’scute,noquestion.Symmetricalfeatures,flawlessskin,lookstobe22yearsold-enteringanymeat-marketbar,awomanluckyenoughtohavethisfacewouldturnenoughheadstostirabreeze.ButwhenVictorJohnstonpointsandclicks,thefaceonhiscomputerscreenchangesintoastateofsuperheated,crystallizedbeauty.“Youcanseeit.It’sjustsoextraordinary,”saysJohnston,aprofessorofbiopsychologyatNewMexicoStateUniversitywhosoundsalittleinlovewithhiscreation.

Thetransformationfromprettywomantoknee-weakeningbabeisallthemoreamazingbecausethechangeswroughtbyJohnston’ssoftwareare,objectivelyspeaking,quitesubtle.Hecreatedtheoriginalfacebydigitallyaveraging16randomlyselectedfemaleCaucasianfaces.Thechangingprogramthenexaggeratedthewaysinwhichfemalefacesdifferfrommalefaces,creating,inhuman-beauty-sciencefield,a“hyper-female".Theeyesgrewabitlarger,thenosenarrowedslightlyandthelipsplumped.Theseareshiftsofjustafewmillimeters,butexperimentsinthiscountryandScotlandaresuggestingthatbothmalesandfemalesfind“feminized”versionsofaveragedfacesmorebeautiful.

Johnstonhatchedthislittlemovieaspartofhisongoingstudyintowhyhumanbeingsfindsomepeopleattractiveandothershomely.Hemaynothaveanyrock-solidanswersyet,butheisfarfromaloneinattemptingtoapplyscientificinquirytosoambiguousasubject.Aroundtheworld,researchersaremarchingintoterritoryformerlystakedoutbypoetsandpainterstouncovertheunderpinningsofhumanattractiveness.

Theresearchresultssofararesurprisingandhumbling.Numerousstudiesindicatethathumanbeautymaynotbesimplyintheeyeofthebeholderoranarbitraryculturalartifact.Itmaybeancientanduniversal,wroughtthroughagesofevolutionthatrewardedreproductivewinnersandkilledofflosers.Ifbeautyisnottruth,itmaybehealthandfertility:HalleBerry'sflawlessskinmayfascinatemoviegoersbecause,atsomedeeplevel,itpersuadesusthatsheisparasite-free.

Humanattractivenessresearchisarelativelyyoungandcertainlycontentiousfield—theallureofhyper-females,forexample,isstillhotlydebated—butthoseonitsfrontlinesagreeononepoint:Wewon'tconquer“l(fā)ooks-ism”untilweunderstanditssource.AspsychologistNancyEtcoffputsit:“Theideathatbeautyisunimportantoraculturalconstructistherealbeautymyth.Wehavetounderstandbeauty,orwewillalwaysbeenenslavedbyit.”

1.Thewomandescribedintheverybeginningofthetextis（

）.

2.VictorJohnstonsynthesizedanewfacebycombiningthefeaturesof16

（

）.

3.ThoughafewtinychangesmadebyJohnston,thesynthesizedfacebecameevenmore

（

）.

4.VictorJohnstonhasproducedsuchanattractivefaceinorderto

（

）.

5.Paragraph4suggeststhathumanbeautymaybe（

）.

問題1選項

A.infactinherlatetwenties

B.Johnston'sidealgirlfriend

C.astunningbeauty

D.isaprofessionalprostitute

問題2選項

A.beautifulEuropeanwomen

B.casuallychosenwhitewomen

C.differentwomenaroundtheworld

D.ordinarywesternwomen

問題3選項

A.masculine

B.average

C.feminine

D.neutral

問題4選項

A.givehiscomputerabeautifulscreen

B.studythemythofhumanattractiveness

C.provethehumancapacitytocreatebeauties

D.understandwhyCaucasianfacesarespecial

問題5選項

A.culturallydifferent

B.adisease-freeidol

C.dependentonindividual

D.avalueagreedbytheworld

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段中第一句“awomanluckyenoughtohavethisfacewouldturnenoughheadstostirabreeze.—有幸擁有這樣一副姣好面容的女子，其回頭率一定會是百分百的?！笨芍狢選項“一個絕色美女”正確；而A選項“實際上己經(jīng)快30歲了”、B選項“約翰斯頓理想的女朋友”及D選項“是一位職業(yè)妓女”文中都未提到，排除。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是‘維克多?約翰斯頓合成了一張新面孔，結(jié)合了16歲…….特征’。由第二段中第二句“bydigitallyaveraging16randomlyselectedfemaleCaucasianfaces通過數(shù)字地平均16個任意選擇的女性白種人的面容”確定B選項“隨便選擇的白人女性”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是‘盡管約翰斯頓做了一些微小的改變，合成的臉變得更加…’。由第二段中第三句“Thechangingprogramthenexaggeratedthewaysinwhichfemalefacesdifferfrommalefaces,creating,inhuman-beauty-sciencefield,a“hyper-female".然后，計算機(jī)程序?qū)ε悦婵撞煌谀行悦婵椎牡胤竭M(jìn)行夸張?zhí)幚?，從而在人類美容科學(xué)的領(lǐng)域中創(chuàng)造了一個‘超女性’”可知C選項“女性的”正確。A選項“男性的”、B選項“平均的”和D選項“中立的”均不符合文意。

4.推理判斷題。題干意思是‘維克多?約翰斯頓制造出這樣一張迷人的臉是為了…’由第三段中第一句“Johnstonhatchedthislittlemovieaspartofhisongoingstudyintowhyhumanbeingsfindsomepeopleattractiveandothershomely.約翰斯頓將此做成了一部電影短片，這是他正在進(jìn)行研究的一部分：我們?yōu)槭裁从X得一些人長相漂亮，二另一些人則相貌平平呢？”可知B選項“研究人類魅力的神話”正確。

5.推理判斷題。題干意思是‘第4段指出，人類的美可能是…’由第四段中最后一句“Itmaybeancientanduniversal,wroughtthroughagesofevolutionthatrewardedreproductivewinnersandkilledofflosers.它（即人類的美）可能是歷史久遠(yuǎn)且普遍存在的，由千百年的進(jìn)化演變而來，成者為王，敗者為寇”確定D項“一個世界同意的價值”正確。

3.單選題

Almostsinceitsinception,Israelhasbeeninconflict.WhatroledoeswarplayinshapingtheJewishstates’identity?

I'monthiswhirlwindtouroftheHolyLandcourtesyofBirthright,afoundationthatofferseveryAmericanwithJewishheritageafreetriptoIsrael.Theonlyrequirementsarethatyou’rebetweentheagesof18and26andyouhaveatleastoneJewishparent.That'sit.Birthrightgivesyouanall-expensespaidtour(I'mtalkingairfare,food,accommodation,everything)aroundIsraeltolearnaboutthecountryanditscomplicatedpastandprecariousfuture.

IwentintomytriptoIsraelaveritablecleanstate,ashelteredgirlfromsmall-townNevadawithnostrongpoliticalconvictions.Anagnosticinfaithandinlife.AtthispointinmylifeIdon'tfollowJudaismoranyreligionforthatmatter.Culturally,I’mkindofwhatever,celebratingChristmasandGroundhogDayandanyotherholidaythatseemslikefun.Ididn’tknowmuchaboutIsraelisasapeople,andknewhardlyanythingaboutthepoliticsoftheregion.

PmonabusinIsraelleavingtheairport.It'sveryearlyinthemorning.Thedayisalreadysohotyoucanseewavesofheatshimmeringoffthehighway.IfeellikeIalwaysdoatthestartofagreatadventure:jetlagged,thirsty,excited.ThebuildingsofTelAvivaregettingsmallerthefurtherwedrive.

Ourtourguide,hisnameisEitan,istalkingintoamicrophone.“Asweheadoutofthecityyou’llseealotofcountryside,”hesays,hisblueeyesgazingfondlyoutthewindowathisadoptedhomeland(EitanisAmerican,yousee,andhehas“madealiyah，’’ortakenIsraelashishomelandandchosenaHebrewname).

“Israelisnotalldesertlikeyoumighthavethought.”Ipayattentionnow,becausethisiswhatIdidinfactthink.“Lookatthatfieldofsunflowers,forexample."

Ilookoutthewindowtomyleftandseethetallyellowflowers.I’mthinkingtheyare

prettyandpicturesque,thenEitansays,“Don’ttheylooklikeproudsoldierslinedupreadyforbattle?"

Itwon'toccurtomeuntilmuchlater,whenmyten-daytouraroundIsraelisfinishedandI’mbackinthesafetyofmypredictable,air-conditionedAmericanlife,thatthiscommentrepresentstwothingsI’vecometounderstandaboutIsraelanditspeople.One:Israelisaredeterminedtoshowtheworldtheircountryisbeautiful,notjustbombsandproblems.Two:Theyhaveanunwaveringbeliefintheirrighttobelongasanationandtheirrighttodefendit.Conclusion:WhereAmericansseesunflowers,Israelisseesoldiers.

Icameoutofmytripwithdatesandhistoryandpassionatespeechesrattlingaroundinmyhead,lesssurethaneverwhoshouldhaverightful“ownership”oftheland.

1.AfreetriptoIsraelisofferedtoeveryyoungAmericanwithJewishheritageinorderforthem（

）.

2.By“IwentintomytriptoIsraelaveritableslate”,theauthorimpliesthatshewentintoIsrael

（

）.

3.Thesentence,“WhereAmericansseesunflowers,Israelisseesoldiers”,suggeststhatsubconsciously

（

）.

4.Ascanbeinferredfromthepassage,theauthorfindsherten-daytouraroundIsrael（

）.

問題1選項

A.tofindoutwhatroleswarplaysinshapingtheJewishstates’identity

B.toseealotofprettyandpicturesquecountrysidesceneryoutofthecity

C.tolearnaboutthecountryanditscomplicatedpastandprecariousfuture

D.tosavethemtheexpensesoneverythingincludingairfare,food,accommodation

問題2選項

A.open-minded,withoutanyrestrictionsofconventionalideas

B.simple-minded,withoutanythoughtofthepurposeofthetrip

C.empty-minded,withoutmuchknowledgeaboutIsraelisasapeople

D.pure-minded,withoutanypolitical,religiousandculturalinclination

問題3選項

A.IsraelishaveanunrealisticcastofmindasapeoplewithJewishheritage

B.Israelisareverypatrioticandalwaysreadytodefendtheirrighttobelong

C.IsraelisaremuchmoreimaginativethanAmericansaboutthingsinnature

D.Israelisaresopanic-strickenbywarthattheymistakesunflowersforsoldiers

問題4選項

A.meaninglessandboring

B.adventurousandthrilling

C.incredibleandbewildering

D.impressiveandrewarding

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。本題詢問給每一個至少父母中的一方是猶太人的年輕的美國人一次免費去以色列的旅行的目的是什么。根據(jù)原文“That’sit.Birthrightgivesyouanall-expensespaidtour(I'mtalkingairfare,food,accommodation,everything)aroundIsraeltolearnaboutthecountryanditscomplicatedpastandprecariousfuture.就是這樣?！芭c生俱來的權(quán)利”讓你可以免費游覽以色列(我指的是機(jī)票、食物、住宿等等)，了解這個國家及其復(fù)雜的過去和不穩(wěn)定的未來?！笨芍狢選項‘旅行的目的就是讓更多人了解以色列復(fù)雜的歷史和未知的將來’正確。

2.句義推測題。本題詢問通過這句話作者想表達(dá)的意思。IwentintomytriptoIsraelaveritablecleanstate句意為“我走進(jìn)了以色列，一個名副其實的干凈的國家”。這句話應(yīng)放到文中更好理解，通過后面的“ashelteredgirlfromsmall-townNevadawithnostrongpoliticalconviction.她來自內(nèi)華達(dá)州的一個小鎮(zhèn)，沒有強(qiáng)烈的政治信念?！泵鞔_指出不含任何政治傾向，所以D選項“天真的思想，不含任何政治、宗教和文化信仰”正確。

3.句義推測題。根據(jù)原文“One:Israelisaredeterminedtoshowtheworldtheircountryisbeautiful,notjustbombsandproblems.Two:Theyhaveanunwaveringbeliefintheirrighttobelongasanationandtheirrighttodefendit.Conclusion:WhereAmericansseesunflowers,Israelisseesoldiers.一、以色列想向這個世界展示它是美麗的，而不只是炸彈和困難；二、他們對他們屬于這個國家和有權(quán)捍衛(wèi)國家的權(quán)利有著堅定不移的信念?！本C合分析可知，這句話“美國人明明看到的是向日葵，以色列人卻看到的是士兵”是突出以色列人的愛國之心，他們時刻保衛(wèi)著自己的領(lǐng)土和權(quán)利，所以B選項‘以色列人非常愛國，隨時準(zhǔn)備捍衛(wèi)他們的歸屬權(quán)利’正確。

4.推理判斷題。本題詢問作者認(rèn)為自己的以色列十天游的感受如何。A選項意為“無意義和無聊的”；B選項意為“冒險的和刺激的”；C選項意為“令人難以置信和撲朔迷離的”；D選項意為“影響深刻且受益匪淺的”。根據(jù)原文最后一段內(nèi)容"Icameoutofmytripwithdatesandhistoryandpassionatespeechesrattlingaroundinmyhead,lesssurethaneverwhoshouldhaverightful'ownership,oftheland.旅行結(jié)束后，我腦子里滿是日期、歷史和激動人心的演講，比以往任何時候都不確定誰應(yīng)該擁有這片土地的合法所有權(quán)?！贝_定D選項正確。

4.翻譯題

刺繡(Embroidery),又稱絲繡，是中國優(yōu)秀的民族傳統(tǒng)工藝之一，有3000年以上的歷史。中國是世界上發(fā)現(xiàn)與使用蠶絲最早的國家，其刺繡工藝幾乎遍及全國。由于刺繡主題和產(chǎn)地的不同，刺繡工藝品作為一種商品形成了各自的特色。蘇州的蘇繡、湖南的湘繡、四川的蜀繡和廣東的粵繡被譽(yù)為中國的四大名繡。這些刺繡既是很好的家居實用品，也是漂亮的裝飾品。

【答案】Embroidery,alsocalledsilkembroidery,isoneofthebestnationaltraditionalcraftsinChina.Ithasahistoryofover3000years.Chinaistheearliestcountryintheworldwhichdiscoverandmakeuseofsilk,anditsembroiderycraftsalmostspreadalloverthecountry.Becauseofthedifferentembroiderythemesandplacesofproduction,embroideryhandicrafts,asacommodity,formtheirownfeatures.SuEmbroideryinSuzhou,XiangEmbroideryinHu’nan,ShuEmbroideryinSichuanandYueEmbroideryinGuangdongareknownasfourbigfamousembroideriesinChina.Theseembroideriesarebothgoodhouseholdobjectsandbeautifuldecorations.

5.單選題

In1979theCatholicChurchfinallyforgivesGalileoforclaimingthattheEarthandotherplanetrevolvedaroundthesun.In1633theexaminersattheMinervaChurchinRomehadfoundGalileoguiltyofheresy,spreadingfalsebeliefs.

Galileowassixty-eightyearsoldatthetimeofhistrialandwasill.Aftertwodaysofcontinuousquestioningandthetreatoftorture,Galileo,confessedtoheresyandkneeledbeforetheexaminers,sayingforalltoherethathistheorieshadbeenwrong.ThejudgecouldhavehadGalileoburnedatthestakeforhisbeliefs,butbecausehehadconfessed,theywerelenientwiththeastronomer.Theysentencedhimtoanunlimitedterminprison,butquicklychangedthesentencetohousearrestinhisownhome,effectivelyendingGalileo’steachingcareer.

ForyearGalileohadbelievedthatearliertheorythatthestartrevolvedaroundtheEarth,wasincorrect,buthekeptoutofrespectfortheChurch.Hehadneverfinishedhisuniversitystudiesinmathematicsbecausehehadrunoutofmoney,buthisbrilliantworkasastudentallowedhimtoteach.Heprovedheuniformeffectofgravityinseriesofbrilliantcalculations,forexample,notbydroppingafeatherandacannonballfromtheLearningTowerofPisa,hishomecity,asiscommonlythought.

In1606,though,Galileolearnedoftheinventionofthetelescope:heredesignedandimprovedhisowntelescopeinoneday.Usingthetelescopetotesthismathematicalcalculations,healsodiscoveredJupiter’smoons,thefeaturesofEarth’smoon,andthestructureoftheMilkyWay.Butwhilewatchingthemovementofsunspots,hebecameconvinced,onceandforall,thattheearlierastronomer,Copernicus,wasright:theEarthandotherplanetsorbitedaroundthesun.TheEarthwanoneofmanyplanets,andnotthecenteroftheuniverse.GalileobegantopressforpermissionfromChurchtowriteabouthistheoriesoftheworldandin1642hereceivedpermission.

Hisgreatestbook,contrastingthetwosystems,waswrittenandpublishedeightyearslater.DialogueConcerningtheTwoWorldSystemswasquicklyseenasalandmarkscientificwork,bothforitsideasanditsfluewriting.ButtheChurchmeantimehaditsownproblemswiththeProtestantReformation.ChurchleadersnowconsideredGalileo’sworkdangerousandrevolutionary.A"document"wasfoundthatcontradictedthepermissionGalileothoughhehadobtainedtowriteabouthistheories.Galileowasthenarrestedandplacedbeforetheinquisition.Galileodiedin1642,blindandstillimprisonedinhisownhome.Heretainedconvincedthathehadalwaysbeenfight.

Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.ThefindingsofthejudgesatGalileo'strialwerenotreversed,eventhoughtheirprecisefindinghadbeenthattheastronomerwas"Vehementlysuspectofheresy."Thefindingsofanyinquisition,eventheGalileocourtaswellasnotoriousSpanishInquisition―mustbeflowedtostand,atleastpartlybecausetheirfindingsoftenresultedindeathsentencesforpeopleaccusedofheresy.Butin1979,PopeJohnPauladdressedtheAugustPontificalScienceAcademyintheVaticanandofferedapologytoGalileo:"ThegreatnessofGalileo,likethatofEinstein,isknowntoall.Buttheformerhadtosuffergreatly;wecannothideit,fromChurchinstitutionsandmen."

Thepurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat

（

）.

Thepassagesuggeststhat

（

）.

Theauthor’stoneis（

）.

問題1選項

A.discusswhytheCatholicChurchpersecutedGalileo

B.provideashortbiographyofGalileo

C.discussthetwotheoriesofthesolarsystem

D.showhowsciencehasprogressedoverthelastthreehundredyears

問題2選項

A.Galileowasheldprisonerinhishomefornineyears.

B.theCatholicChurchhasnotacceptedGalileo'stheoryofthesolarsystem.

C.Galileoinventedthetelescope.

D.theProtestantsconductedtheInquisition.

問題3選項

A.theCatholicChurchstillbelieverstheEarthisthecenteroftheuniverse.

B.Galileo'stheoryhasbeenprovedincorrectinmodemtimes.

C.theInquisitionseldomdealtharshlywithpeoplewhocamebeforeit.

D.theCatholicChurchwasmoreconcernedwithmaintainingthestatusquointhe17thcenturythanthetruthaboutGalileo'stheory.

問題4選項

A.negative

B.objective

C.sarcastic

D.satirical

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講述了伽利略為“日心說”做出的努力以及遭受的追害，所以B選項“對伽利略的人生經(jīng)歷進(jìn)行了簡要的介紹”正確;A選項“討論天主教迫害伽利略的原因”是對文章細(xì)節(jié)的表述；C選項“對兩種不同的太陽系理論進(jìn)行討論”和D選項“表明在過去的三百年中科學(xué)是怎樣發(fā)展的”沒有在文章中提及。

細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段和第二段第四句“Theysentencedhimtoanunlimitedterminprison,butquicklychangedthesentencetohousearrestinhisownhome,effectivelyendingGalileo’steachingcareer.”“他們將其判以終生監(jiān)禁，但很快就改判為軟禁家中，如此結(jié)束了伽利略的教學(xué)生涯”可知伽利略于1633年被軟禁在家中，然后根據(jù)文章第五段的倒數(shù)第二句“Galileodiedin1642,blindandstillimprisonedinhisownhome”“伽利略于1642年在家中與世長辭，那時他仍處在軟禁期間”可知伽利略被軟禁在自己家中長達(dá)9年，所以A選項正確。根據(jù)文章第六段第一句“Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.”“345年后，天主教終于承認(rèn)伽利略日心說的正確性”確定B選項“天主教沒有接受伽利略的日心說”表述錯誤；根據(jù)第四段第一句“In1606,though,Galileolearnedoftheinventionofthetelescope:heredesignedandimprovedhisowntelescopeinoneday.”確定C選項“伽利略發(fā)明了望遠(yuǎn)鏡’錯誤；D選項“新教徒執(zhí)行審訊”沒有在文章中提及。

細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第六段第一句“Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.”“345年后，天主教終于承認(rèn)伽利略日心說的正確性”確定A選項“天主教仍然相信地球是宇宙的中心”錯誤；B選項“在現(xiàn)代，伽利略的理論被證明是錯誤的”沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)并且根據(jù)常識也可以判斷該選項是錯誤的；根據(jù)文章最后一段第三句“...atleastpartlybecausetheirfindingsoftenresultedindeathsentencesforpeopleaccusedofheresy”“部分原因是因為那些被指控為異端邪說的人最終都被判以死刑”確定C選項“審訊很少對被指控的人處以殘酷的刑罰”表示錯誤；根據(jù)文章對伽利略經(jīng)歷的介紹可知在17世紀(jì)時天主教為了維護(hù)現(xiàn)狀，不承認(rèn)伽利略的理論，所以D選項正確。

觀點態(tài)度題。作者客觀地介紹了伽利略為“日心說”所付出的努力和天主教的態(tài)度和做法，所以B選項“客觀的”正確。

6.單選題

Itshowshoweconomicandsocialand,aboveall,politicalchangeshaveplayedtheirpart,sothat,correctly（

）,thepostagestampinwhichmillionsofpeople,youngandold,findpleasure,knowledgeandevenprofit,hasalwaysbeenafaithfulmirrorofthetimes.

問題1選項

A.interpreting

B.interpreted

C.tobeinterpreted

D.beinginterpreted

【答案】B

【解析】非謂語動詞的考查。分析句子意思‘它表明了經(jīng)濟(jì)的和社會的，最重要的是，政治的變革是如何發(fā)揮它們的作用的，因此，如果正確來講，成百萬的人們，不管年輕年老，都能從郵票中找到快樂、知識甚至是利益，這一直都是最忠實反映時代的一面鏡子’可知，此處為非謂語動詞，且主語和動詞interpret之間為被動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，且應(yīng)用一般時態(tài)，而不是表將來的不定式或正在進(jìn)行的beinginterpreted，B選項正確。

7.單選題

Thediplomat,selectedforherdemonstratedpatienceandskillinconductingsuchdelicatenegotiations,（

）tomakeadecisionduringthetalksbecauseanysuddencommitmentatthattimewouldhavebeen（

）.

問題1選項

A.resolved...detrimental

B.hesitated...warranted

C.declined...inopportune

D.struggled...unconscionable

【答案】C

【解析】詞義辨析題。第一個空的選項：resolve“決定，溶解”；hesitate“猶豫，有疑慮”；decline“下降，衰落，婉拒”：struggle“努力，掙扎，對抗”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞patience和suddencommitment可以推斷出第一個空應(yīng)選則填入declined：第二個空的選項：detrimental“不利的，有害的”；warranted“保證的，擔(dān)保的”；inopportune“不適當(dāng)?shù)?，不合時機(jī)的”；unconscionable“昧著良心的，肆無忌憚的，過度的”根據(jù)第一個空的選詞和句意‘因在如此微妙的談判中表現(xiàn)出來的耐心和技巧而當(dāng)選的這位外交官拒絕在會談中做出決定，因為在那種情況下，任何突然的承諾都是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹_定第二個空填入inopportune，C選項正確。

8.單選題

NewlywovenIndianbasketsoften（

）astrangesmell.

問題1選項

A.giveaway

B.giveover

C.giveoff

D.giveup

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。A選項“放棄，分發(fā)或贈與，有意或無意地泄露某事物或出賣某人”；B選項“停止做某事”；C選項“發(fā)出（光、氣味等），長出（枝、杈等）”；D選項“放棄，投降”；依據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞smell和句意‘新編織的印式筐經(jīng)常散發(fā)出一股奇怪的氣味’確定C選項正確。

9.單選題

We'restill（

）thingshere,butIcan'tguaranteethesituationwillstaythatway.

問題1選項

A.inmemoryof

B.insearchof

C.incontrolof

D.inneedof

【答案】C

【解析】A選項“紀(jì)念”；B選項“尋找，搜尋”；C選項“控制，管理”；D選項“需要”，根據(jù)句意‘我們?nèi)匀辉诳刂七@里的一切，但我不能保證這個情況會這樣持續(xù)下去’確定C選項正確。

10.單選題

Aman,withhismind（

）bypersonaltrivia,cannotpossiblyaccomplishanythingatanypost.

問題1選項

A.presumed

B.preceded

C.preoccupied

D.prescribed

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意‘一個只專注于個人瑣事的人是無論如何也不可能完成任何事情的?！芍@里是指“只專注于個人瑣事的人”，A選項presume“假定”；B選項precede“領(lǐng)先，優(yōu)于”；C選項preoccupy“搶先占有，使…全神貫注”；D選項prescribe“規(guī)定，開處方”。C選項的preoccupiedby...“專注于…”正確。

11.單選題

Themostexcitingkindofeducationisalsothemostpersonal.Nothingcan（1）thejoyofdiscoveringforyourselfsomethingthatisreallyimportanttoyou!Itmaybeanideaorabitofinformationyou

（2）accidentallyorasudden（3）,fittingtogetherpiecesofinformationorworkingthroughaproblem.Suchpersonal

（4）arethe"payoff'ineducation.Ateachermay（5）youtolearningandevenencourageyouinit,butnoteachercanmaketheexcitementorthejoyhappen.That's（6）

toyou.

Aresearchpaper,（7）inacourseandperhapscheckedatvariousstagesbyaninstructor;（8）

youbeyondclassrooms,beyondthetextsforclassesandintoa（9）wherethejoyofdiscoveryandlearningcancometoyoumanytimes.Preparingtheresearchpaperisanactiveandindividualprocess,andan（10）

learningprocess.Itprovidesastructure

（11）whichyoucanmakeexcitingdiscoveries,ofknowledgeandofself,thatarebasictoeducation.Theresearchpaperalsogivesyouachancetoindividualizeaschoolassignment,to

（12）apieceofworktoyourowninterestsandabilities,toshowothers

（13）

youcando.Writingaresearchpaperis

（14）thanjustaclassroomexercise.Itisanexperienceinsearchingout,understandingandsynthesizing,whichformsthebasisofmanyskills

（15）tobothacademicandnonacademictasks.Itis,inthefullestsense,adiscovery,andaneducation.So,toproduceagoodresearchpaperisbothausefulandathoroughly

（16）experience!

Tosome,thethoughtofhavingtowriteanassignednumberofpages,oftenmorethaneverproducedbefore,isdisconcerting.

（17）theveryideaofhavingtowork

（18）isthreatening.Butthereisnoneedtoapproachtheresearchpaperassignmentwith

（19）,andnobodyshouldviewtheresearchpaperasanobstacletoovercome.

（20）consideritagoaltoaccomplish,agoalwithinreachandyouwillfindgreatpleasureinit.

問題1選項

A.exterminate

B.disparage

C.overwhelm

D.exceed

問題2選項

A.confrontwith

B.conformto

C.comeacross

D.concentrateon

問題3選項

A.insight

B.achievement

C.outcome

D.thought

問題4選項

A.behaviors

B.encounters

C.segregations

D.opportunities

問題5選項

A.direct

B.help

C.push

D.move

問題6選項

A.off

B.up

C.down

D.on

問題7選項

A.related

B.lounged

C.assigned

D.relayed

問題8選項

A.leads

B.jots

C.jets

D.litters

問題9選項

A.situation

B.interface

C.field

D.process

問題10選項

A.excellent

B.ideal

C.abnormal

D.accomplished

問題11選項

A.without

B.within

C.upon

D.by

問題12選項

A.devote

B.adopt

C.adapt

D.suit

問題13選項

A.because

B.that

C.which

D.what

問題14選項

A.noneother

B.rather

C.more

D.other

問題15選項

A.applicable

B.suitable

C.flexible

D.alternative

問題16選項

A.inspiring

B.satisfying

C.rewarding

D.stimulating

問題17選項

A.Totheother

B.Toanother

C.Totheothers

D.Toothers

問題18選項

A.accordingly

B.hardly

C.independently

D.precisely

問題19選項

A.caution

B.anxiety

C.difficulty

D.passion

問題20選項

A.Furthermore

B.Therefore

C.Instead

D.Inreturn

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:C

【解析】（1）動詞詞義辨析。A選項exterminate“消滅；根除”；B選項disparage“蔑視；毀謗”；C選項overwhelm“淹沒；壓倒”；D選項exceed“超過；勝過”。空格前“Themostexcitingkindofeducationisalsothemostpersonal.最激動人心的教育也是最個人的。”空格后“discoveringforyourselfsomethingthatisreallyimportanttoyou自己發(fā)現(xiàn)一些對自己確實重要的事情”，所以空格這里指代“自己發(fā)現(xiàn)對自己而言確實重要的一些事情帶來的喜悅超過任何事情。”，D選項的“超過”符合文意，正確。

（2）詞組辨析。A選項confrontwith“使面臨”；B選項conformto“符合；遵照”；C選項comeacross“偶遇；無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D選項concentrateon“集中精力于；全神貫注于”?？崭袂啊癮nideaorabitofinformation一個想法或一些信息”,所以空格的對應(yīng)是C選項“偶遇，無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”。

（3）名詞詞義辨析。A選項insight“洞察力；洞悉；頓悟”；B選項achievement“成就；完成；達(dá)到”；C選項outcome“結(jié)果，結(jié)局”；D選項thought“思想；思考；想法；關(guān)心”?？崭窈蟆癴ittingtogetherpiecesofinformationorworkingthroughaproblem拼湊信息或解決問題”是空格處填寫內(nèi)容帶來的結(jié)果，所以空格這里應(yīng)該是“突然的頓悟”，A選項正確。

（4）邏輯關(guān)系。A選項behavior“行為，舉止；態(tài)度；反應(yīng)”；B選項encounter“相見；意外或偶然的相遇；遭遇”;C選項segregation“隔離，分離；種族隔離”；D選項opportunity“時機(jī)，機(jī)會”。空格前“Suchpersonal如此個人的……”指代的是上文提及的“偶遇的一個想法或一些信息與突然頓悟”，而這些全都是“意外的相遇”，B選項符合，正確。

（5）動詞詞義辨析。A選項direct“