2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)22

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Severalguestswerewaitinginthe（）forthefrontdoortoopen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.porch

B.vent

C.inlet

D.entry

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)porch“（沿外墻建筑、常帶頂?shù)模╅T廊，走廊”；B選項(xiàng)vent“（氣體、液體的）進(jìn)出口，通風(fēng)口，排放口”；C選項(xiàng)inlet“（河道、水灣）入口，進(jìn)口”；D選項(xiàng)entry“進(jìn)入，入口”。句意：有幾位客人在入口處等著開門。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Judgingfromrecentsurveysandclinicalexperiments,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallya(n)（1）ofsleepinessinthenation.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.

Thebeginningofoursleep-deficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightBulbacenturyago.Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeen（2）dramatically,tobetween7and8hours.

Perhapsthemost（3）robberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleepmostexpendableitemontheagenda.Often,thoughoureffortstosqueezeevermoretasksintoourdaysandnights（4）.Thepersonwhoinvestsinafullnight’ssleep,expertssay,willbemorethan（5）inheightenedproductivity,creativity,andfocus.Anotherthiefofsleepisshiftwork,inwhichpeopleworkregularlyintheevening,atnightoronrotatingschedules.Researcherssaythebrainhasdifficultyvaryingsleeptimes,whichmeansthattheseemployeesusuallysuffera（6）lossofsleep.Theavailabilityofround-the-clockentertainment,especiallyall-nighttelevision,alsotakesits（72）.

Toassesstheconsequencesofsleep-deficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthrougha（8）ofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthemtoaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.Researchersfoundthatifthesubjectsweresleep-（9）.Theirperformancesuffered,short-termmemorywasimpaired,aswereabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.Becausetheirreactiontimeandattentionspanareaffected,sleepypeoplemaybemorepronetomakingmistakes.

Sleeping（10）onweekendsdoesnothelpthebodyrecoup.Butinchroniccases,peoplemayneedweeksofcatchinguptoreversetheeffectsofsleeploss.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.phenomenon

B.epidemic

C.tendency

D.symptom

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.whittled

B.reduced

C.imputed

D.subjugated

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.relentless

B.annoying

C.merciless

D.greedy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.backtrack

B.backcross

C.backset

D.backfire

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.rejuvenated

B.recovered

C.refreshed

D.recompensed

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.net

B.total

C.great

D.sea

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.part

B.toll

C.role

D.effect

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.bundle

B.bevy

C.battery

D.batch

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.deprived

B.driven

C.ridden

D.laden

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.away

C.in

D.up

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:C

【解析】1.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)phenomenon“現(xiàn)象；奇跡；杰出的人才”；B選項(xiàng)epidemic“傳染?。涣餍胁。伙L(fēng)尚等的流行”；C選項(xiàng)tendency“傾向，趨勢(shì)；癖好”；D選項(xiàng)symptom“癥狀；征兆”。句意：從最近的調(diào)查和臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，大多數(shù)睡眠行為方面的專家都發(fā)現(xiàn)嗜睡流行病遍布整個(gè)國(guó)家。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)whittle“削；削減；切；削弱”；B選項(xiàng)reduced“減少；降低；使處于；把……分解”；C選項(xiàng)imputed“歸罪于，歸咎于；嫁禍于”；D選項(xiàng)subjugated“征服；使服從；克制”。句意：到了20世紀(jì)50年代和60年代，人們的睡眠時(shí)間急劇減少到7到8小時(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relentless“無(wú)情的；殘酷的（多用來(lái)形容外界及周圍環(huán)境的殘酷）；不間斷的”；B選項(xiàng)annoying“討厭的；惱人的”；C選項(xiàng)merciless“殘忍的（多用來(lái)形容人的內(nèi)心是殘酷無(wú)情的）；無(wú)慈悲心的”；D選項(xiàng)greedy“貪婪的；貪吃的；渴望的”。句意：研究人員說(shuō)，也許最無(wú)情的睡眠劫匪是一天的復(fù)雜性。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)backtrack“v.原路返回；折回；折返；（屈于壓力而）改變聲明（或主張），出爾反爾；退縮”；B選項(xiàng)backcross“v.使（雜種）回交（或逆代雜交）；n.回交；逆代雜交；回交子代”；C選項(xiàng)backset“n.渦流；逆流；倒退；挫折”；D選項(xiàng)backfire“v.產(chǎn)生事與愿違的不良（或危險(xiǎn)）后果；逆火；回火”。由題可知空格處應(yīng)填帶有轉(zhuǎn)折意味的詞，意為“通常情況下，盡管我們?nèi)杖找挂苟荚跒楦嗟娜蝿?wù)而努力，結(jié)果卻事與愿違”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rejuvenated“使年輕；使更新；使恢復(fù)精神；使復(fù)原；復(fù)原；變年輕”；B選項(xiàng)recovered“恢復(fù)；彌補(bǔ)；重新獲得；恢復(fù)；勝訴；重新得球”；C選項(xiàng)refreshed“使恢復(fù)精力；使涼爽；重新斟滿；提醒；提示；使想起”；D選項(xiàng)recompense“賠償，補(bǔ)償；酬謝，回報(bào)”。句意：如果你有充足的睡眠，那么在工作效率、創(chuàng)造力和精神集中程度方面會(huì)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)你本該有的報(bào)酬。也就是說(shuō)你的工作效率、創(chuàng)造力和精神集中程度會(huì)有很大的改觀。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)net“純的；最后的；原價(jià)的；（重量）凈的；（高爾夫球得分）凈得的”；B選項(xiàng)total“全部的；完全的；整個(gè)的”；C選項(xiàng)great“偉大的，重大的；極好的，好的；主要的”；D選項(xiàng)sea“n.海；海洋；許多；大量”。句意：研究人員表示，大腦很難改變睡眠時(shí)間，這意味著這些員工通常會(huì)損失大量睡眠時(shí)間。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)part“部分；角色；零件；一些；片段”；B選項(xiàng)total“總數(shù)，合計(jì)”；C選項(xiàng)great“大師；大人物；偉人們”；D選項(xiàng)effect“影響；效果；作用”。句意：24小時(shí)的娛樂(lè)，尤其是通宵的電視節(jié)目，也起到了一定的作用。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)abundleof“一捆捆的；一束；一包”；B選項(xiàng)abevyof“一群；一組”；C選項(xiàng)abatteryof“一連串的；一系列的”；D選項(xiàng)abatchof“一批（用來(lái)形容數(shù)量，后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)）”。句意：為了評(píng)估睡眠不足的后果，研究人員對(duì)受試者進(jìn)行了一系列的心理和表現(xiàn)測(cè)試，要求他們添加一列數(shù)字，或者回憶幾分鐘前讀給他們聽(tīng)的一篇文章。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)deprived“貧困的，窮苦的，嚴(yán)重匱乏的；（人）喪失的，被剝奪的”；B選項(xiàng)driven“被動(dòng)的，受到驅(qū)策的；有緊迫感的；（人）發(fā)憤圖強(qiáng)的”；C選項(xiàng)ridden“充斥……的；受虐待的”；D選項(xiàng)laden“負(fù)載的；裝滿的；苦惱的”。前文提到了“sleep-deficit睡眠不足”，所以空格處應(yīng)填與該詞意思相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞，sleep-deprived“睡眠剝奪”符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)sleepout“外宿；在外過(guò)夜；露宿；外宿房”；B選項(xiàng)sleepaway“一直熟睡；用睡覺(jué)消磨（時(shí)光）；用睡覺(jué)消除（頭痛等）”；C選項(xiàng)sleepin“睡過(guò)頭；睡懶覺(jué)；晚一點(diǎn)兒起床；遲起床”；D選項(xiàng)sleepup“五倍深度睡眠；深度睡眠；睡起來(lái)了”。句意：周末睡懶覺(jué)無(wú)助于身體的恢復(fù)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

（）theirterms,wewouldgobankrupt.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifweaccept

B.Ifweshouldaccept

C.Ifwehadaccepted

D.Ifwearetoaccept

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣常見(jiàn)的三種形式：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句用“had+過(guò)去分詞”，主句用“should（would，could，might）+have+過(guò)去分詞”；與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，系動(dòng)詞用were，主句的謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”；與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should（wereto）+動(dòng)詞原形”，主句用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。句意：假如我們接受他們的條件的話，我們就會(huì)破產(chǎn)。表示的是與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Yes,it’sahackneyedphrase,butpoliticsistheartofthepossible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.trite

B.haggard

C.poundage

D.sighted

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)trite“陳腐的，平庸的，老一套的”；B選項(xiàng)haggard“憔悴的，野性的，（鷹）未馴服的”；C選項(xiàng)poundage“按每磅收取的手續(xù)費(fèi)或稅金，磅重總數(shù)”；D選項(xiàng)sighted“有視力的，不盲的”。句意：是的，這是一個(gè)陳詞濫調(diào)，但政治是可能的藝術(shù)。Hackneyed“陳腐的，平庸的”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Whatwill（）leadto?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepolicyofthegovernment’s

B.thispolicyofthegovernment’s

C.thispolicyofagovernments

D.thepolicyofagovernments

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。雙重屬格的第一個(gè)名詞不可以使用表示確定特指的the，但可以使用this。第二個(gè)名詞詞組則不可以用表示不確定特指的a，只能用the。句意：政府的這一政策將導(dǎo)致什么？因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thisshouldbea（）foryou,weallknowyouwillfinishitintime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cakehole

B.cakewalk

C.catchall

D.catcall

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cakehole“嘴巴”；B選項(xiàng)cakewalk“步態(tài)競(jìng)賽，一種步態(tài)舞，易如反掌之事”；C選項(xiàng)catchall“裝雜物的容器，總受器，分沫器”；D選項(xiàng)catcall“噓聲，不滿之聲，喝倒彩”。句意：這對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該是輕而易舉的事，我們都知道你會(huì)按時(shí)完成的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Newphilanthropistsalsotendtostaycloselyinvolvedinthefoundationstheysetupratherthanjustbankrollinganorganization.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsidizing

B.formenting

C.cruciforming

D.ideating

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)subsidizing“資助；給予獎(jiǎng)助金；向……行賄”；B選項(xiàng)formenting不存在；C選項(xiàng)cruciform/cruciforming“（adj.）十字形的；十字架狀的”；D選項(xiàng)ideating“形成概念；想象，設(shè)想”。句意：新的慈善家也傾向于密切參與他們建立的基金會(huì)，而不僅僅是資助一個(gè)組織。bankroll“提供資金；提供財(cái)務(wù)上的資助”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thisissuehasbecomeapoliticalhot（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.potato

B.cake

C.rod

D.bun

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)potato“土豆，馬鈴薯”；B選項(xiàng)cake“蛋糕，塊狀物；利益總額”；C選項(xiàng)rod“棒，懲罰，枝條，權(quán)力”；D選項(xiàng)bun“小圓面包”。hotpotato為俗語(yǔ)，意思是燙手的山芋，即棘手的事件。句意：這一事件升級(jí)為一個(gè)棘手的政治事件。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Suchasanguineconclusionmayseemoddatatimewhenfuriousargumentsarenodoubtragingbehindthescenes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.puissant

B.sapient

C.propitious

D.berserk

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)puissant“強(qiáng)大的，強(qiáng)盛的；有勢(shì)力的，有權(quán)力的”；B選項(xiàng)sapient“聰明的；伶俐的；裝聰明樣的；有見(jiàn)識(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)propitious“適合的；有利的；順利的”；D選項(xiàng)berserk“狂怒的，失控的：（激動(dòng)得）控制不住的”。句意：在激烈的爭(zhēng)論毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)正在幕后肆虐之際，這樣一個(gè)樂(lè)觀的結(jié)論可能顯得有些奇怪。sanguine“樂(lè)觀的；滿懷希望的；面色紅潤(rùn)的”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Heisadeadringer（）hisfather.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.for

C.with

D.after

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。Baadeadringerfor“容貌和……酷似，看上去一模一樣的人”。句意：他的容貌與他爸爸酷似。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Wetriedtosettletheproblemwiththemassoonaspossible,buttheyseemedto（）sincerity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lackof

B.belackof

C.lackin

D.belackingin

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。seem的用法為“主語(yǔ)+seem+（tobe）+表語(yǔ)”，表語(yǔ)多為名詞或形容詞，有時(shí)是其他的詞或短語(yǔ)，以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)，所以排除A、C選項(xiàng)；lackof“沒(méi)有；不夠；缺乏；不足”，經(jīng)常和for或becauseof連用；lack還可以用“現(xiàn)在分詞”的形式組成一個(gè)慣用句型belackingin來(lái)表示“欠缺、特點(diǎn)等”，該句型中介詞in不可省略。句意：我們?cè)噲D盡快和他們解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，但他們似乎缺乏誠(chéng)意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Acourtlaterreducedthecordonto200metersfromthe（）fence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perimeter

B.parameter

C.diameter

D.circumference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perimeter“周長(zhǎng)（可以指任何形狀的周長(zhǎng)）；周界；視野計(jì)”；B選項(xiàng)parameter“參數(shù)；系數(shù)；參量”；C選項(xiàng)diameter“直徑；徑；通徑；外徑”；D選項(xiàng)circumference“圓周；周長(zhǎng)（主要指圓或橢圓的周長(zhǎng)）；胸圍”。句意：后來(lái)法庭決定將警戒線范圍縮小至距離圍欄200米處。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Manyofthesuccessfulmen,hadtheybeenabletochooseforthemselves,wouldhaveselectedsomequitedifferentprofessions（）theyhavemadefortunes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fromthatinwhich

B.fromwhich

C.inwhich

D.fromwhat

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞性從句。differentfrom“與……不同”，that代指professions,inwhich引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，其中in是makefortunesinsth.短語(yǔ)中的in；makefortunesinsth“靠……致富”。句意：許多成功的人，如果他們能夠自己選擇的話，會(huì)選擇一些與致使他們發(fā)財(cái)?shù)墓ぷ鹘厝徊煌穆殬I(yè)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobeaconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelativelycheaphalf-day’sflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.

Chile,therefore,ishavingtofighthardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravelersthatitisworthcoininghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.Butitissucceeding,notonlyinexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWestern.Europebutinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.

LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chileseestourismasavaluableearnerofforeigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmoreseriousthanmostinpromotingitsimageabroad.Relativelystablepoliticallywithintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblemssufferedinotherareas.InPeru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowtothetouristindustryandfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiodeJaneiroasadreamdestinationforforeigners.

Morethan150,000peoplearedirectlyinvolvedinChile’stouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS$950millioneachyearThestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumberofprivatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworld-widecampaign,takingpartintradefairs,andinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.

Chile’sgreatstrengthasatouristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.FromtheparchedAtacamaDesertinthenorthtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000kmlong.WiththePacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboastsnaturalattractions.ItsbeachesarenotuptoCaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuchasVinadelMararegenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.

ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.Thereareanumberofexcellentskiresortswithinonehour’sdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksinthesoutharehometorareanimalandplantspecies.Theparksalreadyattractspecialistvisitors,includingmountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnicallydifficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredbythesalmonandtroutintheregion’srivers.

However,infrastructuraldevelopmentintheseareasislimited.TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandthepoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.

AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,atpresent,relativelypoor.WhileChile’stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUnitedStatesandEurope,whileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.NorisdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandandChile’sAntarcticTerritoryarealsoonthelistofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesitcancreatetouristmarkets.

Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomasstourismisnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroups,includingGreenpeace,saythatmanypartsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecomeover-developed.ThereisagenuinefearthatareasofChilewillsuffertheculturaldestructionwitnessedinMexicoandEuropeanresorts.

ThepolicyofopeningupAntarcticatotourismisalsopoliticallysensitive.Chilealreadyhaspermanentsettlementsontheiceandmanypeopleseethedecisiontoallowtouriststhereasapoliticalmove,enhancingSantiago’sterritorialclaimoverpartofAntarctica.

TheChileanGovernmenthaspromisedtorespecttheenvironmentasitseekstobringtourismtotheseareas.Butthereareimmensecommercialpressurestoexploitthecountry’stourismpotential.TheGovernmentwillhavetomonitordevelopmentscloselyifitisgenuinelyconcernedincreatingabalanced,controlledindustryandifthepriceofanincreasinglylucrativetouristmarketisnotgoingtomeanthelossofmanyofChile’snaturalriches.

1.Chileisdisadvantagedinthepromotionofitstourismby（）.

2.ManyofChile’stouristsusedtocomefromEXCEPT（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,Chile’sgreatestattractionis（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,inwhichareaimprovementisalreadyunderway?

5.TheobjectiontothedevelopmentofChile’stourismmightbeallEXCEPTthatit（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.geographicallocation

B.guerrillawarfare

C.politicalinstability

D.streetcrime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.U.S.A

B.theFarEast

C.WesternEurope

D.herneighbors

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theunspoiltbeaches

B.thedryandhotdesert

C.thefamousmountainrange

D.thehighstandardofservices

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Facilitiesintheskiresorts.

B.Domestictransportsystem.

C.AirservicestoAsia.

D.Roadnetworkinthesouth.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ispoliticallysensitive

B.isambitiousandunrealistic

C.willbringharmtoculture

D.willcausepollutioninthearea

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由題干可定位到文章第一段“ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.（智利把自己標(biāo)榜為一個(gè)旅游目的地所面臨的最大問(wèn)題就是它處于地球的盡頭。）”，再根據(jù)下文說(shuō)到智利不像墨西哥那樣處于交通停留點(diǎn)，由此便可推斷出智利所處的地理位置不好。A選項(xiàng)“地理位置”正確；B選項(xiàng)“游擊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”是秘魯所面臨的問(wèn)題；C選項(xiàng)“政治不穩(wěn)定”文章未提到；D選項(xiàng)“街頭犯罪”是巴西所面臨的問(wèn)題，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題意可定位到文章第二段“Butitissucceeding,notonlyinexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWestern.Europebutinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.（但它成功了，不僅在美國(guó)和西方國(guó)家這樣的現(xiàn)有市場(chǎng)。但在新的地區(qū)，尤其是遠(yuǎn)東。然而，國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)并沒(méi)有被遺忘。到智利旅游的游客中，仍有超過(guò)50%來(lái)自最近的鄰國(guó)阿根廷，那里的生活成本要高得多。）”。A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)”；B選項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)東”和C選項(xiàng)“西歐”文中都有提到，D選項(xiàng)“她的鄰居們”看似是正確的，但文中只提到了她的阿根廷鄰居，并且所占比例就超過(guò)了50%，并沒(méi)有提到她的鄰居們，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段第一句話“ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.（但王牌是安第斯山脈。）”，由此可知智利最有吸引力的地方還是安第斯山脈。A選項(xiàng)“未受破壞的海灘”；B選項(xiàng)“干熱的沙漠”；C選項(xiàng)“著名的山脈”；D選項(xiàng)“高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的服務(wù)”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題可用排除法。A選項(xiàng)“滑雪勝地的設(shè)施”和B選項(xiàng)“國(guó)內(nèi)運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)”，文章第七段提到“TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandthepoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.（滑雪勝地沒(méi)有歐洲同行那么多的電梯，而南部糟糕的道路意味著只有最堅(jiān)定的游客才能看到最好的國(guó)家公園。）”，由此可知滑雪勝地設(shè)施不完善，交通運(yùn)輸也不發(fā)達(dá)，故排除A、B選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“飛往亞洲的航空服務(wù)”，文章第八段提到“whileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.（而飛往亞洲的航線幾乎不存在。）”，故排除C選項(xiàng)，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章9、10、11段，A選項(xiàng)“政治敏感”；B選項(xiàng)“雄心勃勃，不切實(shí)際”；C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)給文化帶來(lái)危害”；D選項(xiàng)“將在該地區(qū)造成污染”。其中A、C、D選項(xiàng)都有提到，只有B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)被提及，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Theybelievedthatthiswasnotthe（）oftheircampaignforequalitybutmerelythebeginning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.climax

B.pitch

C.summit

D.maximum

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)climax“高潮，頂點(diǎn)，層進(jìn)法，極點(diǎn)”，多指戲劇等的高潮，也指事物發(fā)展中的極點(diǎn)，多含其后由盛而衰的意味；B選項(xiàng)pitch“運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)地，程度，音高，瀝青，投球”；C選項(xiàng)summit“頂點(diǎn)，最高級(jí)會(huì)議，最高階層”，書面用詞，指山的最頂部分，也指通過(guò)努力可以達(dá)到的最高水平，還指最重要的、國(guó)家間的首腦最高級(jí)會(huì)談；D選項(xiàng)maximum“極大，最大限度，最大量”。句意：他們認(rèn)為這并不是他們爭(zhēng)取平等運(yùn)動(dòng)的頂峰，而僅僅是一個(gè)開始。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

Bookendedby9/11atthestartandafinancialwipeoutattheend,thefirst10yearsofthiscenturywillverylikelygodownasthemostdispiritinganddisillusioningdecadeAmericanshavelivedthroughinthepost-WorldWarIIera.Whydidsomuchbadstuffhappeninthisdecade?Wasitjustrottenluckorsomethingmore?Inlargepart,wehaveourselvestoblame.

Itwasalmostasifwesaidinpreviousdecades,“Whydotodaywhatwecanputoffuntilthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury?”Butwedidn’trisetothosechallenges.Whatwejustlivedthrough,then,wasthechickenscoininghometoroost.

IfwearenowwatchingthesunsetonaDecadefromHell,doesitnaturallyfollowthatthenextdecadewillbeallgoodandglory?Ofcoursenot.Andyettherearesomehopefulsigns.Wehaveseenthedestructivenessofdeferralandneglectoninfrastructure,nationalandglobalpolitics,financialmarketsandcorporategovernance,theawarenessofthatdangerismuchhighernow.

Wemaycontinuetoseeourglobaldominanceerode.Butverysignificantly,westillholdmanyoftheworld’strumpcards.Ifweavoidtheeasyoutsofdeferralandneglect,thenthenextdecadeshouldbeahelluvalotbetterthanthelastone.

【答案】始于9/11恐怖襲擊，止于金融大危機(jī)，本世紀(jì)的頭10年很可能成為美國(guó)人在二戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)歷的最令人沮喪、最令人幻滅的10年。為什么這十年發(fā)生了這么多壞事？是運(yùn)氣不好還是別的原因？在很大程度上，我們要怪自己。

這幾乎就像我們?cè)谇皫资暾f(shuō)過(guò)的：“為什么今天要做我們可以推遲到21世紀(jì)第一個(gè)十年的事情？”，但我們沒(méi)有直面這些挑戰(zhàn)。這不，回顧我們剛剛所經(jīng)歷的一切，就是自食其果。

現(xiàn)在，如果我們忽視這十年前從地獄里升起的太陽(yáng)，那是否意味著未來(lái)十年的繁榮和榮耀會(huì)自然而然地緊隨其后呢？答案是否定的，但是我們還是可以看到希望的曙光。我們已經(jīng)嘗盡持續(xù)不斷的破壞帶來(lái)的危害，以及忽略基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，忽視全國(guó)和全球政治、金融市場(chǎng)和政府間合作造成的惡果。而現(xiàn)今，這些不當(dāng)舉措帶來(lái)的危害遠(yuǎn)高于過(guò)去。

我們可能會(huì)繼續(xù)看到我們的全球主導(dǎo)地位被侵蝕。但非常重要的是，我們?nèi)匀晃沼性S多世界王牌。如果我們能夠避免不必要的錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)重要的事件給予必要的關(guān)注，那么和過(guò)去的十年相比，未來(lái)十年間我們會(huì)有創(chuàng)世紀(jì)的發(fā)展。

17.單選題

Momflippedher（）whenshefoundoutIwaspregnant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chart

B.finger

C.side

D.lid

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。Flipone’slid是一句美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)，意為發(fā)怒，發(fā)火，失去控制，變得狂熱，大發(fā)脾氣。句意：媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)我懷孕后大發(fā)雷霆。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

ThepompandceremonywithwhichPresidentBarackObamawillhostIndia’sPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghataWhiteHouse-statedinneronTuesdaywon’talteraperceptioninIndiathatithaslostgroundtoChinainthenewAdministration’sAsiapolicy.ManyinNewDelhisawObama’sperformancelastweekinBeijingasacquiescenttowardanemboldenedBeijing,NewDelhi’slongtimeregionalrival.AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.

TheymayhavewincedathisblundersinIraqandelsewhere,butmanyIndianswelcomedPresidentBush’sembrace,whichstrengthenedtiesbetweentheworld’slargestdemocraciestoanunprecedenteddegreeafterdecadesofColdWarestrangement.SinghfacedoppositionathomefrompartiesskepticalofclosetieswiththeU.S.,butstakedhispoliticalreputationonthegrowingrelationship—hisgovernmentwasalmostdeposedbypartiesoftheleftprotestinganuclear—technologydealheconcludedwiththeBushAdministration.

“UnderBush,IndiawasbeingencouragedtobeanAsianpower,”saysBrahmaChellaney,professorofstrategicstudiesattheCentreforPolicyResearch,aNewDelhi-basedthinktank.ImplicitintheBushagendawastheideaofhelpingarisingIndiabecomeademocraticbulwarkagainstauthoritarianChina.“Now”saysChellaney,“Obamaseesthingsthroughadifferentprism.”

OneexampleofthechangehasbeentheObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative,aloosealliancebetweenWashingtonandthreeotherprominentdemocraciesintheregion—India,JapanandAustralia—thatstagedjointnavalexercisesin2008.Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.

IndiananalystsbelieveObama’sforeignpolicyteammostlythinksofIndiainthecontextofotherregionalchallenges,particularlythedeterioratingsituationinAfghanistanandPakistan.China,withitsboomingeconomyandpositionasAmerica’sprimarycreditor,nowcarriesfarmoreweightinU.S.calculations.“ThegroundrealityisIndiaatthemomentdoesnotcountfortheU.S.inthesamewaythatChinaandPakistando,”saysBahukutumbiRaman,aformertopIndianintelligenceofficialandheadoftheCentreforTopicalStudiesinChennai.

Partofthepriceforthatnewreality,manyinIndiabelieve,isadowngradingoftheirownconcerns.SinghwillbeintheU.S.ontheanniversaryoflastyear’sMumbaiterrorattacks,traditionaltiestoPakistan’smilitaryintelligenceorganization,theISI.ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.TheagendaforSingh’svisitincludestalksonboostingintelligenceandcounterterrorismefforts,butIndiaremainsunwillingtobroachKashmirwithPakistanuntilIslamabaddemonstratesacommitmenttocrackdownonjihadistgroupsinitsmidst.

MoretroublingfortheIndiansthantheObamaAdministration’sprioritizingofAfghanistanwasaparagraphinthejointstatementreleasedduringthePresidentsBeijingvisit:itwelcomedChineseinvolvementinSouthAsiaandspokeofBeijing’sabilityto“promotepeace,stabilityanddevelopmentinthatregion.”InNewDelhi,thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.Chellaneysawthestatementasa“returntoakindofColdWarthinkingwheretwogreatpowerscandictatetermstoalesserone.”China’slong-standingborderdisputeswithIndia,anditsbuildingupofthePakistanimilitary,makesmanyinNewDelhireluctanttowelcomeBeijingasabenignpresence.Indeed,somefearIndiaisbeingencircledbyChineselisteningpostsandbasesaroundtheIndianOcean.AndwhentensionsspikedlastmonthoverChinapressingitsclaimtoterritoryinsideIndia,theU.S.remainedsilent.India’sgovernmentinsiststhere’sroomenoughforbothIndiaandChinatopeacefullyemergeasworldpowers,andSinghhasmadenocomplaintsaboutthechangeinatmosphereinWashington.Hisvisit,heinsists,issimplyanopportunity“torenewthepartnership.”It’lllooktoformalizeelementsofthenucleardealpennedlastyear,whichgrantsIndiaaccesstoarangeoftechnologiesthatithadpreviouslybeenblockedfromacquiring.Measureswillalsobetakentoexpandtrade,promoteeducationallinksandboostcooperationonresearchintovaccines.Thetwosidesarealsoexpectedtosoundtherightnotesonclimatechangewithoutmakinganysubstantialcommitments.

Despitetheirconcernsaboutrecentdevelopmentsintherelationship,manyinIndiaareconfidentintheircountry’slong-termtieswiththeU.S.Morethan3-millionpeopleofIndianoriginnowliveintheU.S.,whileIndianscomprisethebiggestpoolofforeignstudentsinAmericanuniversities,andwealthyIndianprofessionalsarecreatinganincreasinglyeffectiveIndialobbyinWashington.“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow”saysRaman,“butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.”

1.HowdidtheIndiansperceiveObama’sAsianPolicy?

2.WhydoesObamachoosenottopursuethequadrilateralinitiative?

3.FortheIndiagovernment,whatwouldbethedownsideofObama’sAsianpolicy?

4.HowdoestheIndiangovernmentinterpretthejointstatementreleasedduringObama’svisitinBeijing?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheybelievedtheObamaAdministrationappreciatedthefactthatBeijingwasbecomingbolder.

B.TheybelievedIndialostitscentralplaceintheBushAdministrationandObamafurtherdiminisheditsrole.

C.TheythoughtObamawastryingtofurtherstraintherelationsbetweenChinaandIndia,thetwolongtimeregionalrivals.

D.TheywereworryingthatIndiawasslightedbytheObamaAdministration.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesChinashouldbeincludedinthealliance.

B.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesthejointnavalexercisesin2008posedathreatandthusirritatedChina.

C.BecauseinObama’sAsianpolicy,BeijingoutweighsIndia.

D.BecausetheObamaAdministrationdoesnottakeIndiaasaregionalpowerbutratheranelementinthepursuitofregionalpeace.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.IndiawilllosesupportfromtheU.S.inmanyissuesofitsmajorconcern.

B.Thelong-standingborderdisputesbetweenIndiaandChinawouldnotbesolvedinthenearfuture.

C.IndiawouldfacemoreproblemscrackingdownterrorismsupportedbyPakistan.

D.IndiawouldfeelpowerlessincontainingChina.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.AColdWarwouldbreakoutbetweenIndiaandChina.

B.ChinawouldexertherinfluencetoSouthAsiancountries,includingIndia.

C.TheU.S.andChinawouldjointlycontainIndiawhichisanemergingpower.

D.PakistanwouldgetmoresupportfromChinaandtheU.S.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.SomeIndiananalystsareoptimisticabouttheIndian-USrelations.

B.LiketheBushAdministration,theObamaAdministrationtakesbothChinaandIndiaasrisingpowers.

C.TheObamaAdministrationprioritizesAfghanistanandPakistaninitsAsianpolicy.

D.Singh’svisitisto,amongothers,expandtrade,boostintelligenceandcounterterrorismeffortsandnegotiatewiththeObamaAdministrationaboutthefutureroleofIndiainAmericanAsianpolicy.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的最后一句話“AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.（他們還認(rèn)為，印度在奧巴馬白宮的經(jīng)濟(jì)和地緣政治計(jì)算中的作用正在減弱，至少與它在布什政府的亞洲政策中所享有的中心地位相比是如此。）”，由此可推斷出印度人擔(dān)心被美國(guó)輕視。A選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為奧巴馬政府意識(shí)到北京正在變得更加大膽”；B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為印度在布什政府中失去了中心地位，奧巴馬進(jìn)一步削弱了它的作用”；C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為奧巴馬是在試圖進(jìn)一步加劇中國(guó)和印度這兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的地區(qū)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手之間的關(guān)系”；D選項(xiàng)“他們擔(dān)心印度被奧巴馬政府輕視”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“theObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative（奧巴馬政府取消了所謂的四方倡議）”和“Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.（中國(guó)認(rèn)為這一舉措旨在建立一個(gè)安全集團(tuán)來(lái)遏制中國(guó)，為了改善與北京的關(guān)系，奧巴馬拒絕推行這一舉措。）”，由此可推斷出奧巴馬放棄四方倡議是因?yàn)榧づ酥袊?guó)。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府認(rèn)為，中國(guó)應(yīng)該加入該聯(lián)盟”；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府認(rèn)為2008年的聯(lián)合海軍演習(xí)對(duì)中國(guó)構(gòu)成了威脅，因此激怒了中國(guó)”；C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵趭W巴馬的亞洲政策中，北京比印度重要”；D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府不把印度當(dāng)作一個(gè)地區(qū)大國(guó)，而是在追求地區(qū)和平的一個(gè)因素”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.（但是，盡管奧巴馬和他的阿富汗特使理查德?霍爾布魯克敦促印度在克什米爾爭(zhēng)端問(wèn)題上做出讓步，以幫助華盛頓說(shuō)服巴基斯坦將更多資源集中在打擊塔利班上，在迫使巴基斯坦打擊以其領(lǐng)土為基地以印度為目標(biāo)的極端組織方面，幾乎沒(méi)有采取什么行動(dòng)。）”，由此可推斷出印度和巴基斯坦之間將面臨更多問(wèn)題。A選項(xiàng)“印度將在其主要關(guān)注的許多問(wèn)題上失去美國(guó)的支持”；B選項(xiàng)“印度和中國(guó)之間長(zhǎng)期存在的邊界爭(zhēng)端不會(huì)在近期得到解決”；C選項(xiàng)“印度打擊巴基斯坦支持的恐怖主義將面臨更多